so there is a sort of meditative, speculative sort of inquiry into these sort of underlying motivation ones that do touch things like these sort of fear based emotions. for example, in that first chapter, right. and i think i mean, i think what you do, i think it's skillful the way that personal history and history, which person your past, your personal history is history, but the way in which those things intersect, i think is is you do that with aplomb. and i would also say that, you know, historians who do not acknowledge i mean, they're getting an object heavily but it is just not it's not real. i mean you always have sort of a viewpoint and i think better to acknowledge that and write from that place right. and i'm glad you said that, because in an the legal history, you know, looking at these insurrection act invocations and my personal narrative, i was aware that what i was doing is sort of allowing the reader a peek behind the veil is like, who is writing this? like, who is this person? especially since i spent a lot of time critiquing this idea of narrative, right? and the ide

and i mean there is sort of this long history when you sort of look at chinese women or other marginalized figures looked at as sort of objects for your viewing pleasure and we can of see how this is playing out in these advertisements that are being circulated across households and that find later in an even sort of private that we're reading in the archive and we'll hopefully get a look at tea chest in a minute to that. so here's another i sort of put on the side where often boys holding it in the larger lithograph and it's a handkerchief which i know you write about a bit in the book. yeah. i think it's really fascinating to me that. of course, the research that i had done in the dissertation was looking at the quantity chinese objects that came into new york city came into american ports, just a huge and i know you and i talked a lot about this. how expansive volume of chinese goods for the middle class americans. i would say maybe about a fifth of all material culture goods in urban centers were of chinese origin. and that's pretty remarkable and i think most people don't realize this

, sort of painted the picture. i think we probably grant too much accurate like too much authority to polling but i'm curious for your thoughts reaction on that and how like polling is used and weaponized by by organizations in politics. i think the easy way out of the of the question is if someone's weaponizing polls they shouldn't be weaponizing them you should be using for good or whatever. i mean that's pretty cheesy, but you can you know, there's other sources, information that are weaponized by these people to it's not just the polls. it's like, you know, maybe you take an isolated news incident and you use that for your report or your conventional wisdom narrative writing or for your campaigning or whatever. so, i mean, it's i think to figure out if polls have been weaponized more than other sources of information or if they, you know, carry more authority in driving x, y or z outcomes. you know, if the alternative is we shouldn't have polls all obviously for that, you know, as per previous hour, i think tha

guest: all independents are sort of closet partisans.his a yearly more democratic relay more for republicans. you leave the number it will be reduced significantly. however, independents are still important there are people who swing between the two parties. democrats have been holding up ok with independents in senate races the question is what continues to the finish line? host: that's hear from ted. ted in boston. independent line go ahead. caller: i was just sitting here remarking, you know, after i see this guy on tv i'm saying while we have to deal with this. like i used to call into c-span and it used to be higher-quality because we were presented with higher quality topics of discussion and candidates. i'm sitting here wondering at one point does your guest take a stand with respect to the really low quality here that we have on america in terms of political discussion what would it take for that guy to stand against the other, i don't know, garbage that we are presented with? the topics of discussion, people like oz and bible th

if you look at sort of the u.s. census over the development of history, we're adding and subtracting categories based on politic x. did you oh, i thought you were going to say no, no, no. based on based on political whims. you know, i am a mixed race person, black and white and that category didn't exist when i was born. but it was added in 2000 based on political movements for because there were there were not necessarily more of us by a politically activated group. another you know, so i started with these these early categories. i want to talk about the one drop rule here for a second to. right. so once, you know, slavery was abolished, states had many different categorization systems leading to just like absurd oddities of things. like if you were one eighth black and you crossed into a state in which you know the qualification for being black was 1/32, did your racial identity change? right? your state classification even changed. but, you know, the one drop rule really arose because of fears of eugenics and th

you know, sort of the city still sort of the rhythms of its late summer vacation. that might all be the optics of washington, d.c. at the present moment. but make no mistake, washington, d.c., or rather the united states is an unbelievably important in the war in ukraine. it would not be unfolding as it has if the united states were not the kind of participant that it is. so that's as important as any other piece of the puzzle. and even though the war is quite distant, it's possible as an american to live without any of a war in ukraine. it's not forced us. in other words, although very distant, the united states is not distant from the war. so we need to understand the motivations of the united states as well. what motivated vladimir to pull the trigger on the. 24th of february 2022? i think the first thing that we have to say in the spirit of being careful and rigorous is that there is a great that we do not know. we don't have access the inner sanctum of the kremlin. we never may never gain that access. we don't have, as historians would like to have a good trai

i think it is really a sort of a i desire by putting to sort of punish ukrainians. ah, because he doesn't have the possibility dual ab, you know, operate effectively on the ground militarily. so he uses the instruments that he has, which is to try to fry down on scare and punish that population in the hope that maybe they might turn against that leadership on. they might sort of in a way of surrender in some fashion, upward pressure on their government to change its policy. but i don't think there is a clear, you know, strategic operation along the logic in this. i think it is purely sort of i response of sort of anger and punishment and i'm building asked on these many, many, it's sort of part of his way. the way he operates is done this in ukraine. he's done a during injection. yeah. you know, he tends to, to sort of respond with brutal forcing the hope that that would eventually sort of break them or sort of the, the willingness to find a but as we have seen in ukraine, i mean, it doesn't really work. yeah. and it really indicates healthy, he's sort of military c

so i think if you can do these sorts of things, these sorts, these sorts of reforms, maybe you have a way of of squaring that circle that definitely would increase. and even the credibility of some of these agencies will or. chris yeah sure. so just quickly highlight three things which are several solutions we should be looking to, but i'm highlighting these three in particular because they with each other in a way to show how we can actually get to sustainable change. so one, the history has shown that social have been the leading sort of driver of constitutional change. so we look at abolitionist movement, right that long preexisted the point when we got to the 13th amendment that outlawed slavery immediately and universally right the movements for suffrage whether it's black suffrage or women's suffrage that was very much part of a movement. right? women in several states were trying to the right to vote, but they were. and it actually continued push at the national level to get the 19th amendment secured. the movement for temperance. we ended up getting the prohibition amendment,

you know, that it if you just take one step back, it's sort of, you know, it's sort of tough to take it seriously when americans as we're as leaving the country, are telling the afghans that they lost their will to fight as we ourselves have lost our will to fight. so everyone sort of lost their to fight. so i think, yes it is true that i think in a macro sense, the afghan army and the afghan political class sort of lost its ability to cohere, is what i would say. and because they could not cohere anymore without america, they lost their will to fight. but if you go down to the individual level, i mean, there are many, many examples of afghan units like basically fighting to the last man, particularly afghan special operations units, their commando units. you know, it also saying they lost their will to fight elides the fact that when we said we were pulling out, we pulled out all of our enablers so like their aircraft there close air support, their medical evacuations, the helicopters they relied on the logistics. they relied on their ability to maintain any of that vanished because

and sort of, yes, then i started sort of shooting with simon and nick knight as a model, and then i becamend really, that was my entry into fashion. and a few weeks later, you were doing a shoot with the great nick knight, a photographer who you are still loyal to today — he's shot covers for you. and you worked for i—d magazine. you were fashion director at the age ofjust 18. i—d magazine was legendary. why did i—d magazine have such an outsized influence on the culture back that era? because we're talking, what? late �*80s, early �*90s. because terryjones, who's still at i—d, was the art director for british vogue. and he looked around the streets and saw so many incredible people from different races, you know? different ages, not being reflected in sort of the big magazines at the time. so, he decided to set up a magazine to document youth culture — a magazine run by young people for young people — and so, that's why i—d was so influential. you came of age in fashion in a sense at the same time as people like naomi campbell and kate moss, who people watching now will be aware of as two

get survey sort of week in charge of the entire sort of military campaign. so she's someone who has been responsible for operations in syria. so in an attempt to sort of, to carry out more effective military operations. but you know, this might not really change much on the ground. i think russia would escalate and buy, for example, a bargain indiscriminately cities in ukraine by deciding to sort of i try to give more more, more actively and more effectively. so i think that we can expect to sort of indiscriminate in discriminatory bombing taking place in the next few days because that's been sort of the usual reaction of protein, you know, to sort of lea shout and mass and discriminatory until a lot of civilians. as of an emotional reaction, which doesn't really have a military impact, but i think there's going to be an increased effort to make the whole mechanism of providing supplies on creating a more effective on forces, you know, more, more intense. but i'm not sure that they're going to succeed. you mentioned problem . yeah, you mentioned that the app

he gives a great sort of unifying speech sort of instead of owning the feds. he he sort of says, you know, you know, we shouldn't cross-secute each other with laws, but then in 1803 has been dragged through the mud by the federalist press and he rides with these private letters suggesting. that might be a good idea to prosecute some of these federalist papers in state courts and some of them actually are so that shows that you know, even if even jefferson is liable to what in the book i call milton's curse, basically the the on the the unprincipled and selective defense of free speech then then that is something that all human beings are a very vulnerable to so we we come with sort of our original software that we've evolved. it's default mode is intolerance, and we've built this sort of fragile patch on top of it, which is tolerance and free speech, but that constantly has to be sort of updated and we have to build a firewall around and with that firewall sort of fails our default mode will override it and we'll be back to to intolerance and and i think you k

get survey sort of in charge of the entire sort of military campaign. so she's someone who has been responsible for operations in syria. so in our time to sort of, to carry out more effective military operations. but you know, this might not really change much on the ground. i think russia would escalate. and by, for example, embodying indiscriminately cities in your brain by deciding to sort of, i try to give more more, more actively and more effectively. so i think that we can expect to sort of indiscriminate in discriminatory bombing was taking place in the next few days. because that's been sort of the, you know, the usual reaction of polluting, you know, to sort of finish out i'm mass and discriminatory and kill a lot of civilians. i just have an emotional reaction which doesn't really have a military impact that was done in a 2nd most so from king's college of london. now let's get you up to speed on some of the stories making news around the world. sole says, north korea has fired more ballistic missiles toward the east sea, just days after lodgi

books that can just be sort of flashing a list of covers and that sort of thing. and publishers started noticing early last year that it was, you know, people weren't just talking. they were they were buying the books they were hearing about. and it was starting to move a substantial number of copies and has become a real a real sales force in the industry. so how many views are some of these videos garnering? oh, gosh. i mean, hundreds of thousands easily. you know, i mean, it's it can really it can really be huge. i mean, sometimes, you know, it's very hit and miss, like a lot of social media. i mean, just because you tag something for book talk doesn't mean it's going to go viral. but a lot of things really do. and there are also there are a subset within book talk. so there are sort of people who want to talk about romance novels. there are people who want to talk about nonfiction. there are people who want to talk about lgbt. q why? a like there it gets very it can be very it can be very segmented. and so, you know, sort of some some segments are also bigger

i'm military sort of offensive, you know, and that sort of writing the in combination with a ground offensive rather than using it in that, in that c d 's using it's 8. so sort of may size on an air defense systems against civilian population. so that is a bit of a waste on it's a, it's a very odd way of carrying out on these military operation. and it kinda shows that russia is really not able to, to have the adequate equipment on that. it's air force is, are also adris goals of being shut down so that ukraine as a state, having an ability to counter or you know, the air dominance of russia, russia is not re applied what we call our dominance and control of the skies. so that makes any sort of effective attack or defense much more difficult allows ukraine also slowly to move forward. we know there's been pressure on hiatus on, on the other new i sort of, russian generally asking people to sort of move out from the areas of credit on this also being pressures on lehman in the north and also on the goliath. so the ukrainians, it seems that they are still trying to push further, you know, on th

i sort of sort of supply system on ability to, to continue with a fight effectively in areas where it is sort of under challenge from ukrainian on forces. with that significance in mind, what kind of action do you expect from russia following the last well, i mean, we've seen rush already sort of changing all put to placing a, you know, generally say, get survey sort of in charge of the entire sort of military campaign so she's someone who has been responsible for operations in syria. so in our time to sort of to carry out more effective military operations. but you know, this might not really change much on the ground. i think russia would escalate by, for example, bombarding indiscriminately cities in ukraine by deciding to sort of i talk here more, more, more actively and more effectively. so i think that we can expect to sort of indiscriminate in discriminatory bombing taking place in the next few days because that's been sort of the usual reaction of protein, you know, to sort of lea shout and mass and discriminatory until a lot of civilians. as of an emotional reaction, which do

books that can just be sort of flashing a list of covers and that sort of thing. and publishers started noticing early last year that it was, you know, people weren't just talking. they were they were buying the books they were hearing about. and it was starting to move a substantial number of copies and has become a real a real sales force in the industry. so how many views are some of these videos garnering? oh, gosh. i mean, hundreds of thousands easily. you know, i mean, it's it can really it can really be huge. i mean, sometimes, you know, it's very hit and miss, like a lot of social media. i mean, just because you tag something for book talk doesn't mean it's going to go viral. but a lot of things really do. and there are also there are a subset within book talk. so there are sort of people who want to talk about romance novels. there are people who want to talk about nonfiction. there are people who want to talk about lgbt. q why? a like there it gets very it can be very it can be very segmented. and so, you know, sort of some some segments are also bigger

it was something people from new orleans just our lives are sort of bifurcated by the storm. there was life before the storm and life after the storm and it's kind of the marker in time that we often use was that before the storm or after the storm and i imagine it will be like that. >> your new book has a connection.s >> it does. it began in 2017 when i was watching the statutes come down. and what does it mean we had to go down the boulevard and down jefferson davis parkway. the symbols and names and iconography are reflective of the stories people know. it isn't to say you suddenly erase the racial wealth gap but it's the ideas and narratives thatf help give an understanding of disproportionately and essentially harmed throughout american history so i was looking around and thinking about the ways that i was taught about this history. we kind of went out on an exploration across the country where i travel to different historical sites, monuments, museums, prisons, neighborhoods, cities, cemeteries trying to get a sense of how different places across the country including n

that the whole sort of faith in the system, the trust, the engagement has sort of broken down and may worse. will president putin's new commander in the ukraine war, nicknamed general armageddon, changed the way the war is being fought? i don't think i've seen anyone at all who said that "we're being killed. let's give up. " 0n the contrary, we're being killed. let's fight on to make this stop. and is the uprising against the islamic authorities in iran starting to run out of steam? these protests have changed everything. things will never go back to how they were before this. prime ministers, chancellors of the exchequer and now a home secretary, tumbling like skittles in a bowling alley. is it time to resign? the economy in serious trouble. it's scarcely the singapore on thames that liz truss wanted to create. 0ne commentator says tartly, it looks more like caracas on thames. i've watched british politics for 60 years and was the bbc�*s political editor in the 1980s, but i've never seen anything remotely like this. what does the bbc political correspondent rob watson think about it?

so that's sort of one angle. on the other side, though, this is kind of paradoxal view of m what sex is supposed to mean. sex is everything in self-defining act but it's supposed to be something that means nothing, that you don't have feelings about actually. it's just one physical act like any other and so it would be weird if you had sex and then felt bad about it or that you didn't want to d' something because, you know, like what does it matter? it's just a thing. so there's almost this dual idex of what sex is, everything and nothing that makes it something that you have to do and also something that you shouldn't feel anythin' about, you shouldn't be y emotional about d so in -- pursuit of that ideal, feel like they have to go after these encounters. like that's what they should be doing and if they have, you know, some sorte of emotional blowback or bad experience, that's their fault personally afor not being as with it or liberated as they should or as they are told they should be. i want to ask you about

other people but i mean this sort of idea of the marketplace and people as sort of products that you can choose from was very firmly baked into kind of the mindset through which she was approaching dating. and i think that this you know is also in some ways a factor of again consent culture where it sort of feels like trading in some way you agree with somebody else to allow them to have sex with you or get sex from them. you know, it's sort of a transactional approach in nature. but the thing is most people don't want to have transactional sex. you know their idea of a good relationship isn't you know two people bartering for this bodily act but actually something that sees them as a full person something that involves empathy and care and being seen for who they are. and something that leaves their humanity and their human dignity intact. and so while i think that we are sort of being trained to see ourselves as members of a sexual marketplace. there's something within a lot of people that is really repelled by and wants to reject that framing. we just have to figure out how to do

i sort of agree with that.the other hand, it seems to me that i've seen numerous instances in the past few years, maybe the past few months, where distinguished writers on free-speech or on public intellectuals generally have said about something going on in canada or britain or continental europe, that wouldn't happen here because we have a first amendment. now, maybe there's a question, what is a relationship between the first amendment and a culture of free speech? and its amount you could give canada a first amendment right now, would that change their culture? >> yeah, no, i think you're absolutely right. it's not a zero-sum game. i think there's a relationship between my point is that if the culture of free speech, the culture of tolerance that underpins legal protections deteriorates, the law is likely to follow behind that. but that doesn't mean that the first amendment is of no consequence. i think it's very much of consequence and i think particularly at this point of time in america, without a strong

, survey sort of in charge of the entire sort of military campaign. so she's someone who has been responsible for operations in syria. so in an attempt to sort of to carry out more effective military operations. but you know, this might not really change much on the ground. i think russia good is the lake. and by, for example, a bargain indiscriminately cities in your brain by deciding to sort of, i try to give more more, more actively and more effectively. so i think that we can expect to sort of indiscriminate in discriminatory bombing taking place in the next few days because that's been sort of the usual reaction of protein, you know, to sort of finish out and mass and discriminate a lot of civilians as of an emotional reaction which doesn't really have a military impact that was done with psycho mosul from king's college london. in iran, protesters clashed with security forces and fresh anti regime demonstrations and was allegedly shot dead in his car. and then on dodge the capital of kurdistan, province rights groups based in europe say the vict

so this sort of thing does does sort of sting sometimes.i have a consistent set of philosophical beliefs about things which are about, you know, smallish government, freedom, free markets, the nation. and i try to stick to those beliefs. and that's you know, that's not quite what we've seen. and what's interesting about that and this programme is a conversation about what forms people's views, not just about your contemporary views. what's interesting about that is that while you say you've got a consistent set of beliefs, you grew up in a in a labour household, you were not either a tory yourself as a young man or indeed from a tory background. no, not not at all. i mean, my parents were both were both labour. they both worked for rolls royce in derby as draughts persons, i suppose one would say nowadays, even though the actualjob of drawing on paper has disappeared. but yeah, we we were skilled. skilled, yes, skilled. sort of lower middle class, i suppose you might say, though, it sounds sort of slightly i don't really like the term, but

why would stone masonry give a good sort of, i don't know, sort of foundation for a club like that? i'm sure curious about the nature of stone, masonry and freemasonry. sure. so stone masonry in scotland guild system. and if you've been to scotland, everything is built out of stone. but as the trade declined in the 1600s and 1600s, the stonemasons were losing business and they were losing authority over the trade. so they started to invite gentlemen stonemasons to provide into their into their guilds to give patronage and support. stone masonry has, a set of bylaws and constitutions that we call the ancient charges, like all guilds would have according to their membership join in a stone masons. you would start as an apprentice and you would become fellow of the craft, and then you would become a master craftsman. and that was that that process were called degrees or advancement. and that structure both. and then later translated into a larger area such as scotland or england and then international. so stone masonry provided the structure upon which freemasonry wrote its grand const

politics was sort of formed then too. we have the real the party. that doesn't doesn't anymore was but but you can see the you can sort of see the the new republican part of the goldwater party formed then after the 1948 convinced 48 election when the when when the south walked. and i know the democratic party and the republican party of his day. neither of them are the same today. no. no, so things have changed. what was his education you write that there were gaps. and where did those gaps reveal themselves were the consequences from that as his life went on. well, he was he really was a he really was an auto detect and ordered auto did act and he but he but he read and read and read that was really read history. he didn't always read it. the way we would read it, but he read it, but he read it. he read it with a extraordinary interest and i i found i found one letter what right in the middle of the korean war. he was suddenly he was suddenly discussing a sort of ancient battling greased. he just couldn't stop so he was