so with us in south africa, no, we have not. well, following reports on joint military drills, there have been discussions on further cooperation between russia and south africa . how are things going within that sphere? again, they're one that joined novel exercises that are going to take place between the south africa, china and russia. it is not a new thing, fiorella as we are, as we will record. and i would expect that to it will still continue in the coming years. and again, we have to stress that. so the guy has got such exercises with almost all the countries, the u. s. france, a number of african countries. so again, those joint exercises between russia, china and the south africa will continue. well, speaking about multi lateral cooperation, you mentioned the bricks group earlier. and the bricks group of the countries was in the international spotlight throughout last year, with talks of new members and an overall strengthening of cooperation within the block. how do you foresee the future of this group? whether, whethe

and that's what's happening in south africa. you've got the renewable energy sector, which is entirely controlled by the private sector. eskimo has no role to play in rolling out renewable energy, and he didn't even talk about implementing away the closure of these qualified past patients. it's going to result in a $100000.00 jobs last row, so that all of that violates what is dest transition is. what we're seeing in south africa is just green capitalism running rampant. yeah, and it's really, and it's going to have a destructive effect on the poor in the and perhaps it already has a lot of people in our youtube chart saying, you know, you need to remove the state monopoly and ask scientists and engineers to step in and direct the projects we also have jacobs, that bang saying the whole load shredding thing is affecting his business in such a way. his sales have dropped and he's thinking of closing shop. and last but not least, tar and con, saying south africa has solar and wind power and abundance. but we can't change because o

our topic is essentially the power crisis that's going on south africa. as i understand it, you don't have much battery left on your phone right now and you don't have electricity. so i want to ask you about how dire the situation is currently in south africa when it comes to all these power outages. when it comes to the energy crisis. the situation is very dia, the south africa is the most industrialized country in the, in the continent. and the cities in some of the quite honest provinces that attract a lot of jobs are manufacturing cities. the city of america is a automotive harper in the country are also known as the detroit of south africa. likewise, the city of london with these continuing at load chevy. they serve as a battalion graham against the sustainable economies of the cities. and it's been for such a long time, and the problem seems and intractable when it comes to both those that are acting within the confines of the state utility company as com. but also the politicians that i meant to enable the work office. com, starting from the party

what was it that made you decide to leave south africa quickly. told me my case. going back to 1000 of 4 to one a was a volunteer. a peace officer for the south poly service are served with the notorious ghetto mana units. and i started watching atrocities committed by mcculloch's. i was torture at the offices. i would say, you know, extra judicial killings, the unique term was collecting a lot of trophy, faultless off dead african suspects. and us again experienced, realised that this would include his pa, turned on on far less of human rights. now what i did was, in 2004, i fur secretly filmed 3 short videos with one of my smartphones with the had a camera inside. so i took 3 videos of actually a torture, often african suspect, the offices. so did what bobby did the koran teach? i decided to do an eternal bob. disclosure of us all i knew of saw it went to my senior commanding officer, who was also, i suppose, friend, a dime. and up to this day evidence and i said him, look, there's a problem here. voskus are the races, the going around, you know, violating human

he and his wife escaped south africa with their lives. welcome back ari. this reminds me to tell you the truth, a little bit about your own case with the south african police and your own, your own whistle blowing. i can see a pattern connecting your case and but beat us at the time that you and your wife were fleeing south africa, you said that your lives were in danger. the south african police mocked you and they urged you repeatedly to return. well, but beat also said that her life was in danger. the police pretended that everything was fine, and now she's dead. tell us about your own experience here. why were you so certain that you were in danger? what was it that made you decide to leave south africa quickly? jo, me my case. going back to saws in her folder one a was a volunteer. peace officer for the soft can pull you service are served with an authority schedule, managed units, and a start watching atrocities committed by mcculloch's. i was torture at the offices. i would say, you know, except this'll killings. i'm the units i was collecting a lot

they're all joining us from south africa today. in johannesburg, kenneth creamer and economic advisor to the agencies economic transformation committee in cuba. her formerly known as port elizabeth on gama, met him, come a lecturer at the nelson mandela university. and also, indiana's berg is chris yellen and energy analyst. a warm welcome to you all, and thanks for joining us today on inside story on gum, let me start with you today. our topic is essentially the power crisis that's going on south africa. as i understand it, you don't have much battery left on your phone right now and you don't have electricity. so i want to ask you about how dire the situation is currently in south africa when it comes to all these power outages. when it comes to the energy crisis, the situation is very dia, the south africa is the most industrialized country in the, in the continent. and the cities in some of their partners to provinces that attract a lot of jobs are manufacturing cities. the city of america is a automotive harper in the country

so it's unfortunate that that kind of behavior can made him indicate south africa to try and pursue south africa to do away with the relationship when with moscow, and unfortunately did not get the current bill. so we stopped. right. i mean, just bags of money. just melissa, with that they've been pumping it to you, craig, so don't forget, never commented or anything. but why? when not doing anything except to sharpen this to me, why does the with doesn't want to increase in terms of security. what is it that they want? the one south africa to them in week one of the men we saw on the what is an acceptable was as you said, as you said, joe, you know, it was just the other day that the us treasury secretary janet yellen was touring many, many countries in africa, essentially it was a carrot and stick exercise, but there was really no carrots involved. there was a spic exercise where she was telling african countries to cut off highs with russia and comply with western sanctions. joe, is there, is there a risk now of the west imposing sanctions on countries? for example, in africa, who do n

of south africa itself.ate equipped with hypersonic cruise missiles. russia is expected to fire artillery, but not the cruise missiles, during the exercises. the frigate admiral gorshkov arrived today in richards bay near durban for the initial drills. south african opposition politicians say the exercises show their government is siding with moscow in the war in ukraine. but officials insist south africa is neutral. our africa correspondent andrew harding reports. farfrom ukraine. a formidable russian warship, the admiral gorkov, docking in south africa today, bristling with long range missiles and branded unapologetically with the letter v, the symbol of russia's invasion of ukraine. so why is democratic south africa going along with all this, a week of military exercises, and with china too? below decks on the russian frigate, vladimir putin stares from the wall. the captain insists these are just routine drills, nothing provocative. his south african hosts go further, suggesting that this kind of coopera

now to south africa. where its power crisis - thanks. now to south africa.this year they have seen rolling blackouts daily. and it's thought this will continue for at least the next two years. the power cuts are affecting all sectors of the economy — the wine industry has been particularly hard hit. farmers are spending thousands of dollars on generator fuel every month and irrigating their estates is a huge challenge. our south africa correspondent brings this report from the cape winelands. it's harvest time at the wineraphy. the busiest season of the year. not only for this farm but the entire western cape region. harve lth time also coincides with the worst power cuts south africa has ever experienced. with the country at times facing up to ten hours a day without power. it's the first day of harvest season here and all of this machinery behind me and the tanks inside are powered by electricity. and so far this year every day we've had load shedding, meaning this wine farm and others across the region are having to use expensive generators. this uses nea

so that is part of the reason why why south africa is very keen on, including the great africa. and we've seen that we're joining the 2017 briggs conference here in south africa, johannesburg, actually a stone's throw away from where i said, we saw a south for inviting a lot more african presidents. and there was, there was a lot more representation of the highest order from those presidents as tied to, of some of the for that was held here. but the briggs group is the feel a desire will group with iran and also keen to join. and we understand that china is very much in favor of having. and i've been tina come to the fall. and let's not forget, of course, a long time ally and friend of russia, algeria, which would, you know, it's, it's the biggest country by landmark on the continent. and it's also teen to join. we just wait to see how many or just how big the can agree on, on growing. but this comes at an interesting time in a sense that the not only is the world changing, but the members themselves have been talking about a multi polar world. and bet has really. busy take to t

andrew harding, bbc news, south africa.general assembly has been meeting in new york to discuss the war in ukraine with more pressure on member states to condemn russia's actions. a motion has been tabled, calling on russia to withdraw from all ukrainian territory, and for an immediate cessation of hostilities. our north america correspondent nada tawfik assesses how effective this vote will be. i think what diplomats will tell you is they are under no illusions that this will change anything on the ground. in fact, if you listen to what the russian ambassador said in the hall, he urged member states not to support the resolution, saying it wouldn't be helpful to ease the tensions between russia and the west. he largely says his country blames the west for trying to destroy russia and he believes that this resolution if passed would, as he put it, just lead to more russia—phobic militaristic lies from the west. so there is certainly that rhetoric and those divisions which are extremely large of course given the war in ukrai

the united states sir says south africa as its own exclusive, the sphere of influence. south innovations have been going. retreat in the south africa basha in china, us main city hasn't declined yampa alone, empire gets somehow, it is being an end as irrelevant or even useless. feels that it must still in some ways to try and reclaim it. suppose at home on the politics of that offering company, the united states does on hitler, i t to disrupt her to interfere with her. so glen states with its people with its territory, also wiped her for each of america to have palm suits africa, bowl friendly exercising its a. so greg democratic guide whedon, america as he is so aggressive in setting up military base.

there they were embassies in egypt in the republic of south africa. he moment , five belarusian embassies operate on the african continent with these support ones. kami is generally covered and the key regions of africa i.e. north east south and west are our last embassy earned in 2022 in zimbabwe in harare. we, as a country with such huge volumes of agricultural products and engineering products, nevertheless, we are more interested in this market for exporting our products, or for cooperation. here, if you look at, say, a long-term strategy for the development of relationships, and for this and that, the fact is that everything begins, as a rule, with exports. and when the recognition of technologies comes, the understanding comes that we offer quality solutions at affordable prices, there is an interest from our e partners, including in africa, to start industrial epilation projects. at the moment, we are implementing industrial cooperation projects with egypt and the republic of south africa in the twenty-first year. this means a project to assembl

south africa perhaps shine a military drill, sir. i suppose it's a class divide in all the sorts of things elite in south africa, looking down at the a government in south africa for doing anything with russia and a different story for the masses. well, thank you very much and i have to say, i'm the university of sorry i even though i'm based in johannesburg, i think the last visit and the whole ukraine issue has divided opinion in south africa. generally. i think it's also important to note that among the ruling african national, congress leads many of the educated and received military training in the soviet union at the time. and a lot of empathy for russia generally and the way at the time. but typically the us and britain on the reagan gotcha was supporting the regime against which the n c was fighting. so those dynamics are quite important to understand in south africa position. and i think, i don't think it's clear as a lead math divides because among many of the black l. e i talk to they may not necessarily support the russia

was her death an accident, or was south africa's national hero a murderer?keith morrison with "the rise and fall of oscar pistorius". >> such a time it was, like a different world. this was london, the year was 2012, and olympic history is about to be made. a moment was electrifying, and 45. 4 four seconds the south african double-team running on carbon fiber legs was transferred from global to international superstar. with a superhero nickname. the blade runner. he was oscar pistorius. >> he was just this amazing amazing icon. >> and in south africa, he was adored. not just as a remarkable athlete, but as a man of apparently flawless character. modest good manners, a man with good works. irresistible, of course endorsements in all he was almost interestedly wealthy, and certainly a list for glorious eight months. and then, four bullets in close range through a closed door. a woman was dead, and the myth of the blade runner was blown away. it was 3:20 am, on february 14th 2013th. valentine's day. when police arrived at oscar's house, he told them a harrowing

if south africa was to reach is target of attracting 5 percent of the. busy worlds investment in mineral exploration spend. it will have to give incentive or soon there might be very little mining left in south africa. got a village that's have a lot of t and jonathan. ah, russia is launching an appeal at the u. i, in for an urgent international investigation to the sabotage of the north field pipelines. last after recently, all school y pulitzer prize winning journalist seymour hersh, said the u. s. bond the pipeline system on orders from the burden administration. now you are says it's not going to conduct an investigation into those new de surfaced revelations. these blast did not occur on us soil. i would leave it to our nurse on whose territory on whose soil as it were on these plastic urge speak to the appropriate investigator mechanisms. and now the party line, as you've heard there, is that the nord stream explosion is a european matter and has nothing to do with america. by the way, the same state department spokesman, their dead price was alrea

south africa, paisley soto, nearly $70000000.00 euros a year for the water. and the soto uses the dams to generate electricity for its population of the local project manager from the list. so time, highlands authority tells us, let him 5 years time. the dumb wool will stand right hair, $5000.00 hectares of land will them be flooded? as we are all away, this plan of projects would have social impact and environmental impacts. and i, we as the project template number of fi programs, which had been there, discussed mac lead with the communities are as ways that means ha, ha, ha, mitigating against the laws of land. that the laws over there are crazy. we have in perpetual mer to sea sick. we heard exactly the same promises 24 years ago when the cat saddam was built. all other dams feet that water into this reservoir, from where it's pipe to south africa. sick. we worked for the se and only legal center. the project was conceived georgia by 2 undemocratic governments of south africa, apathy, the regime, and the military. it there at the gym in mistletoe. those go

andrew harding, bbc news, south africa.strikes in the gaza strip after rockets were fired from the palestinian—controlled territory. the israeli military said it shot down five of the devices, the other landed in a field. the attacks follow a deadly israeli raid in the occupied west bank on wednesday. 11 palestinians were killed in nablus, several of them gunmen. our middle east correspondent tom bateman reports. another day of death and bloodshed in nablus. the worst this city has seen since the depths of this conflict two decades ago. it started with israeli undercover forces seen here entering the city in disguise. then, more raided. then it was mid—morning, into streets packed with people, sparking gunfights with palestinian militants. troops opened fire and blew up a building in the old city. "i was woken by an explosion "and saw special forces "with dogs, troops connecting wires, "which i assumed were for explosives," says this man who lives nearby. the destructive force of an israeli rocket fired at a palestinian hou

now back home, they are struggling to continue job education. meanwhile, as a war, rages on south africa has chosen on alignment and is odin military drills with russia and china? how do they justify that? with i, i'm eddie mike, a junior welcome to the program. it's been one year since russia begun its invasion of ukraine. now, while a war in europe may seem far away from africa, the impact has been felt by many across the continent of. we asked some in kenya and nigeria, how the war has affected them. it does affect any emotional cause. i have a friend, whoever did have it from nevada. when we talked last was last 2 weeks. this is the order. now gerard city, the idea that our suffering due to war did that your voice v. needless. it's needless or is it senseless war? would crazy have really good. now. i'm looking back from the fact laser prizes. they have gone up making for it become such as commodity because of leaving us become very high. ah, you'd see at the, for example, this year it has highlight, it isn't going to be put off any it had to offer this. it has become very tough for m

we now from johannesburg in south africa. thank you so much, professor for joining us before we get to the book. i must ask when i should say a book about a un secretary general that wasn't assassinated. unlike dag hamish old famously, your view of olive. rob's visit to africa. i mean, in a donation media, i don't, i knew you were in nigeria at the time during the visit, but i mean all but condemning as an african count about melody pander. oh, for join russia? south africa perhaps shine a military drill, sir. i suppose as a class, divide in all the sorts of things elite in south africa, looking down at the government in south africa for doing anything with russia and a different story for the masses. well, thank you very much and i have to say i'm the universe. so ray, i, even though i'm based in johannesburg, i think the last visit and the whole ukraine issue has divided opinion in south africa. generally. i think it's also important to note that among the ruling africa, national congress leads many of them was educate that

another taft to strengthen cooperation between the navy's of russia, china, and south africa in order to counter security. challenges in the region with the drills also include training military personnel to perform the joint air defense operations, fighting pirates and tackling natural disasters. as for the ships, the most important of them from russia is the frigate admiral gorski off. this frigate is equipped with the russian navies, latest hypersonic, missiles, 0 con. the speed of these missiles can reach 10000 kilometers per hour, exceeding the speed of sound. by 9 times. these missiles are capable of maneuvering throughout their entire flight path on approach to target, making it impossible to intercept them. china is represented by a frigate and a destroyer, as well as a marine unity. south africa is also represented by a frigate with a combat helicopter on board, during his visit to south africa last month. russian foreign minister, sir gale of rav said that these maneuvers are completely transparent, do not pose any threat and do not threaten any 3rd party. but the drills hav

elite in south africa, looking down at the a government in south africa for doing anything with russia and a different story for the masses. well, thank you very much and i have to say, i'm sorry, even though i'm based in johannesburg, i think the last visit and the whole ukraine issue has divided opinion in south africa. generally. i think it's also important to note that among the ruling african national congress leads, many of them was educated and received military training in the soviet union at the time. and a lot of sympathy for russia generally and the way at the time. but typically the us brits on the reagan gotcha was supporting the regime against which the n c was fighting. so those dynamics are quite important to understand in south africa position. and i think, i don't think it's clear as a lead that math divides because among many of the black l. e i talk to they may not necessarily support the russian aggression against ukraine box. they tend to be very critical of what they see as what them hypocrisy actions lightly. us them spacious and iraq, which was done without us.

on nicholas shanker, artie devin, south africa will africa is crucial for the future of europe and cannot be left in china as hums. that was the rather pejorative message coming from italy's foreign minister of the munich security conference in a discussion regarding the need for a stronger european presence on the continent. unit is crucial if we want to pay the wave for a stronger europe. among nato ed in europe are more present in africa. look at african to look at africa is crucial for the future. to leave a figure in janice and is a big mistake for everybody here. african chose china as its largest trading partner in foreign direct investor. why is europe trying to drag africa into it? spat with china as well. they sound upset that the girl thereafter doesn't want to eat at their table in the school cafeteria. maybe she just likes to hang with different groups of people. okay. and what about american bases in 5 african countries? does the italian foreign minister mind that uncle sam's hands are all over africa? or is that no problem? because that's his body. how many times have we he

south africa still carries the tag of being the perennial chokers. and the t 20 woke up certainly didn't help make you met as was the team captain. temper bubble man was loved by all teams in the local s a t 20 tournament. raising the question even more, should he still be team captain with experience that he has in the talent that he has an ability that he has. it is a little pecking from the management, but some argue the biggest problem is not the chopping and changing of the national team. but rather the basic building blocks of cricketers in this country. i think we mostly focus on the big schools. we don't focus on the township kids and all that, but the to get most of italian from equal access will be a true measure of how good south african cricket can get. because the bigger the pool, the bigger the competition got about a set of r t lead rent johannesburg. and that's are up on the hour's top stories up next, is the mystery of the explosion of the north stream gas pipelines now solved with the bomb, shall revelations exposed by an american a

you are as quickly on gv, i so mercenaries from south africa here. i saw us instructors, germans bullish ukrainians from the i dar and as of battalions, as well as the ukrainian paratrooper brigade. there was a strong group here. are you made up of all they've got? they didn't want to give up. our cham, oscar, the road we cut off was very important for them. they were using it to deliver ammunition and food also. but now that road is no more thorough as well as those personally. well, now you have to brace yourself for some truly gruesome images. the defensive lies here in this building are held by you k mercenaries. this is one of them, or what's left of one of them close quarter comeback is what wagner excelsior fighter, who was among those who stormed this building. shares with me what kind of resistance they had too overwhelmed with machine gunners held up defenses in every stage, hearing those and they were even shooting in corridors to the door. it didn't help them though. surely our guys know what to do to the finish. they entered the building

africa. you to the wall country, south way, dependence on it, like kenya. how struggling to get by fertilizer prices. i've also gone up since the components come mainly from russia and ukraine. but some farmers have found a way around that they are using coll, my kneel as an alternative. and these students may be smiling in this feature about many like them. how to me, the studies behind in ukraine. now back home, the struggling to continue job education. me well as a war, rages on south africa has chosen on alignment and is odin military drills with russia and china? how do they justify that with i am eddie micah junior. welcome to the program. it's been one year since russia begun its invasion of ukraine. now, while a war in europe may seem far away from africa, the impact has been felt by many across continent of africa. we asked some in kenya and nigeria, how the war has affected them. it's affected me emotional goes, i have a friend who over the other from the ruddy when we talked last, it was like 2 weeks. this is not an address. i did that out. so fo

i am now joined by feet, my bearer foreign policy on geo politics aspects based in pretoria, south africa. hello faith. thanks for joining us now. africa did not condemn russia . how do you justify that? thank you. any, let us festivals can see that as you are marking the one year of the russia ukraine wall. so that because position on the conflict can be designed through a range of developments. and i think the, the most important starting point in this regard was the word that we saw shortly after the russian began what it called it special military operation. in march 22, a native nations general assembly in which we sort of africa then standing in the vote to condemn risk as the gratian. interesting and when you look at the comments that are that because permanent representative to the un in hurry mux highlighted the fact that so that because position was informed by a largely that the fact that the russia ukraine were the kind of oversize the attention that had been given to russia, ukraine will extend some prices, situations across the world that sees the united security council. so

the mineral council of south africa says that the industry direct contribution to g. d. p, grew by 36 percent in 2021 to nearly $27000000000.00. about $7000000000.00 more than it did in 2020. but despite these numbers, there are few for the future due to problems with exploration, to incredibly long term love that you need. and the fact that a long time like south africa has been short considerably because of the political uncertainty and policy uncertainty that got also the corruption that's involved in dealing with the whole biling, licensing and exploration. because if the factors, the ruling party wants to sit themselves in all the deals, that's made south africa, very unattractive place to actually spend money for exploration. for the purpose of money, there are 2 types of mineral exploration, brownfields, and greenfield. brownfields exploration means the searching of additional deposits in no, when all currently mine sites, while greenfield is about searching for new minerals, and that is where south africa's weak spot is. net investment in greenfield exploration i

that was time to south africa. but we are limited by the quality of our environment. phase 2 of the la soto highlands water project started 3 years ago. one of 5 damage is being built here to supply water to neighboring south africa. the entire village has been moved to another location. as the construction work hit us hard, they had promised us jobs or children are supposed to be earning something from this. but instead they're out of work for about a while. other people in south africans get the jobs we go hungry. when they also took our fields to another about the pool sales and grazing land. now house construction workers far from leading to greater prosperity . the damn has brought misery for residence. driving 8000 people from the homes. the water will flow to south africa's financial hub, johannesburg, 400 kilometers away for the 16000000 people in the city and surrounding province la. so toes dams a vital and already provide 60 percent of their water since the project is financed with south african taxpayer

but south africa has made it clear that it doesn't take orders from the west as our teeth got legal. so me reports 350 members of the south african defense force anticipated in the tri, national naval exercise between south africa, the host, russia, and china, south africa has unconscious occasions say that this particular exercise is to further strengthen the existing strong ties between itself russia and china, this is a relation between china and some of the russian. admiral gosh, golf is one of the participating ships in the drill and is equipped with the new mach 9 hypersonic vertical muscles. this exercise is not new to these 3 nations. as in 2019, a joint drill between them involved a warship from each nation and as well as civil surveys and feuding ships on the south african defense ministry has emphasized that the country has the right to conduct its foreign relations in line with its national interest many continued to criticize south africa's move to host the tri nations naval exercise, especially with moscow involved in the current conflict with a whole continent. the for

has begun involving china, russia on the south africa navy. the u. s. on european union has strongly criticized the co operative act as they continue that campaign of anti russian rhetoric. ortiz could lakehoma, so he brings is more 350 members of the south african defense force anticipated in the tri national naval exercise between south africa. the host, russia, and china, south africa, has unconscious occasions say that this particular exercise is to further strengthen the existing strong ties between itself, russia and china. this is mostly a relation between china and some of the russian. admiral gosh, golf is one of the participating ships on the drill, and is equipped with the new mach 9 hypersonic, vertical muscles which travel its speeds of 9 times that of light and hit targets within 1000 kilometer range. this exercise is not new to these 3 nations. as in 2019 a joint drill between them involved a warship from each nation and as well as several surveys and feuding ships. while the south african defense ministry has emphasized that th

so essentially being done to en south africa electricity crisis. well, as the question that we put to alice vancover reporting from cape town, well, it's clear that africa will need older extra power. it's can get so many plans, many projects. for example, wind energy, solar energy, i think, as well last year during the climate change conference, the hope was that i forgot maybe really go green. well, the government is clear, we still need coal. we still need nuclear energy. so to go to work on all these projects, what they are going to do, it's going to be easier for private entities to have a solar form or have a wind farm and filled up electricity. and also consumers, if they do have the means to put solar panels on the rooftops, and they have extra power left that they're not using for the household. they can sell it back to, to sit african government. so many plans but not a lot of confidence because that african say we've been hearing this for a long time. now this is a crisis that has been in the making for many, many years. if you look at th

the underway in south africa, together with russia and china. the drills of june, criticism from the us and in europe, ian allies, which ones or other countries to stop cooperating with moscow. but south africa has made it clear that it doesn't take orders from the west as our team could lakehoma . so me reports 350 members of the south african defense force anticipated in the tri, national naval exercise between south africa, the host, russia, and china, south africa has on countless occasions say that this particular exercise is to further strengthen the existing strong ties between itself, russia and china, it is mostly to develop relations between china and south of the russian. admiral gosh, golf is one of the participating ships in the drill and is equipped with the new mach 9 hypersonic, vertical muscles which travel its speeds of 9 times that of light and hit targets within 1000 kilometer range. this exercise is not new to these 3 nations. as in 2019 a joint drill between them involved a warship from each nation and as well as several su