to cross talk to future of south sudan i'm joined by my guests in washington jonathan temin he is the director of the sudan program at the united states institute of peace john campbell he's the ralph bunche senior fellow for african policy studies at the council on foreign relations and need a cooter he is an african political analyst all right gentlemen this is cross talk that means cross talk rules in effect i mean you can jump in anytime you want need i'd like to go to you first in washington and looking at the future of south sudan and will have its independence in a few hours is it mission impossible or is it already mission failed. oh it's neither of those those i don't think those are the possible outcomes of course everything's in the air it depends on what happens more than it depends on what important act is do the leadership in south sudan the people in government or not want to become known then sudan the people of southern sudan the international community and of cause the neighboring african countries so there are a lot of fact is i actually think the future of the sout

i think the biggest challenge in south sudan is for the south sudanese to define themselves and to define what it means to be south sudanese for a long time what has held southerners together is getting to this referendum getting to this end dependence and also the common enemy that they see in the north it's now time to get beyond that and to define what it means to be a member of this new brand new country of south sudan ok that's a very good point in the program are many thanks to my guest today in washington thanks to our viewers for watching us here r.t. see you next time and remember cross talk. hungry for the food we've gone to. the biggest issues get a human voice ceased to face with the news makers.

i think the biggest challenge in south sudan is for the south sudanese to define themselves and to define what it means to be south sudanese for a long time what has held southerners together is getting to this referendum getting to this end and also the common enemy that they see in the north it's now time to get beyond that and to define what it means to be a member of this very new brand new country of south sudan ok that's a very good point in the program are many thanks to my guest today in washington thanks to our viewers for watching us you darkie see you next time and remember crosstalk. download the official t.m.p. cation q i phone the i pod touch from the i choose our. life on the go. video on demand tease my bold colors. says feeds now an apology. on the dot com.

a number of the very important issues between south sudan and sudan and the khartoum government still need to be worked through for example only about eighty percent of the border has been delineated then there is a question of how the oil revenue is going to be shared what arrangements there are going to be for export in the oil most of which goes out through port sudan which is in the north and then there is the nationality question what do you do about people from the south who live in the north and vice versa these are important issues left over from the comprehensive peace agreement that have not yet been resolved and then there is the question of the south sudan's own institutional development one of the things we have seen is that in countries which have enormous amounts of oil there are is heavy institutional stress how in other words do you make best use of the oil revenue and prevent it from essential going into the pockets of a few corrupt individuals ok i don't really know and i can see in jonathan here i mean we've heard a lot it looks like this is a new state built on a

voted overwhelmingly first the session people of south sudan are exuberant over their newfound independence they also seem to be very aware that they have a long road ahead of them north and south sudan still have to agree on a. and clarify the critical issue of citizenship and they have yet to reach an agreement on oil and wealth sharing as south sudan holds the lion's share of this valuable natural resource and the north is going to be depended on keep their country running and of course south sudan must develop all of its democratic institutions fighting corruption and dealing with threats from insurgent groups my next guest was in south sudan to witness the birth of a nation with his own eyes and is here tonight to share his thoughts of what is next for the world's newest country joe madison as those of the joe madison show on sirius x.m. satellite radio good friend joe welcome welcome back thank you but everywhere is going to miss. this time with us as you were the last on its way to new sudan yeah well i mean and that's that's how things change since you and i were there

south sudan. down there.ow jimmy can we throw the next-- throw up the flag there. this next image is the new flag of south sudan which we've got digitally rippling there. and this is actually one of the few copies of their flag that is in the united states right now. (cheers and applause) how does-- how does a new flag get decided? >> well, it's amazing. the green is for the agriculture potential. the red for the blood that people gave to get the new country. black actually for the african people. whether you is the nile river and this star is for the unity of all the people to come together for this new state. >> stephen: and who makes the decision that this is the flag? >> some flag decision guy. i don't really-- . >> stephen: wow. (laughter) >> stephen: that sounds like a job that drunlt last long. >> that was it. >> stephen: if i was the flag decision guy i would be like, i haven't made up my mind yet. keep the checks coming. now what kind of success do you think south sudan has a chance of having? becaus

to south sudan. you have to be sure that the living conditions are possible and the other things there so we'll look at that and other ways for ngo's and young people to volunteer because i think there's a real opportunity. one of the areas is that teachers who are coming back to south sudan from the north have been teaching in arabic, and so epg lish language -- english language training will be important even for teachers who are trained as teachers but now need to train where arabic is not the major language. there are opportunities of the kind you mentioned, and we'll pursue them and i'll let you know what happens there. >> you mentioned the peace corp.. are you doing an evaluation to see if the conditions are ripe to have the peace corp. there? >> there's been some discussions of it, and i'll check with the peace corp. what the next plans are. we have to wait until the south is independent, but i'll check with them and see what their current thinking is. one of the officials was in fact at the c

they have been pressing for independence for south sudan. , the official ceremony will take place and the lowering of the flight of sudan. but this is where the party is happening. i think it will go on all night. >> when the celebration eventually dies down and reality sets in, what difference will independence actually make for the everyday lives of the people of south sudan? >> that is a good question. for the last six years or so, the southern government has actually been in charge here in the south. they have not been directly under the rule of khartoum. some people say not enough has changed over the last six years. there has been an incredible amount of oil money available here in the south. maybe people want more changes. i think there will be more money available from the oil. more of it will be there for the government in the south to use. but they do have to export it through the north and they have to work get a deal about how much money they will hand over to khartoum to use that pipeline. in the short term very little will chang

they have been pressing for independence for south sudan. , the official ceremony will take place and the lowering of the flight of sudan. but this is where the party is happening. i think it will go on all night. >> when the celebration eventually dies down and reality sets in, what difference will independence actually make for the everyday lives of the people of south sudan? >> that is a good question. for the last six years or so, the southern government has actually been in charge here in the south. they have not been directly under the rule of khartoum. some people say not enough has changed over the last six years. there has been an incredible amount of oil money available here in the south. maybe people want more changes. i think there will be more money available from the oil. more of it will be there for the government in the south to use. but they do have to export it through the north and they have to work get a deal about how much money they will hand over to khartoum to use that pipeline. in the short term very little will chang

really for decades has been working to help south sudan for this moment. the u.s. lly under the bush administration started pushing this agreement, this comprehensive peace agreement between south and north sudan to get them to the day and really over the last few months really intense diplomacy, getting the sudanese to this referendum in july where the south sudanese voted for independence and now not only today here in washington was the sudanese -- south sudanese embassy raising a flag, but in juba today, the u.s. consulate became an official u.s. embassy. that really, i think we can look for real intensive u.s. engagement in helping to nation build to really help this fledgling nation stand up and work towards being a full member of the international community. >> part of that engagement also includes security. and how the u.s. will be watching or helping to, you know, secure as best it can a south sudan. >> well, this agreement this comprehensive peace agreement, today's declaration of independence of south sudan is one step in this. there is a lot left to go.

volunteers to go to south sudan? would it help our relations and strengthen our relationship with them by encouraging young americans to volunteer to help teach the next generation? >> i am glad you raised that. it is one of the highest illiteracy rates and it is going to be a major drag on development. we have a lot of ngos and church related activity providing the bulk of health and education services right now. we had some discussion whether we could bring the peace corps to south sudan. you have to be short the living conditions are possible and other things. we will look at that and other ways for young people to volunteer because there's a real opportunity. one of the areas is teachers who are coming back to south sudan from the north have been teaching in arabic so english-language training is going to be very important even for teachers trained as teachers and a need to operate in the south where arabic is not a major of language. there are a lot of opportunities like the kind you mentioned and we will pursue

south sudan emerges from decades of war and instability become an independent state. the phone hacking scandal deepens. the press ministers director of to indication is released on bail after being questioned for hours. -- the prime minister's director of communication is released on bail. welcome to bbc world news on pbs in america. the end of an era for the u.s. space program. after 30 years and 135 missions, the world watches the space shuttle's final flight. from canada to california, the duke and duchess of cambridge are rife in california for a weekend visit. the south sudan has become the world's newest nation. after decades of conflict with the north. a huge independence celebration started as the clock struck midnight local time. it will also be one of the poorest. there are also many sources of potential conflict in the republic of sudan. >> the people have flooded out on to the streets. the party has begun. there is an air of jubilation here in juba. people are banging on homemade drums. the independence of south sudan. people are driving up and down this r

volunteers to go to south sudan? would it help or relations and strengthen our relationship with them by encouraging young americans to volunteer to help teach the next generation? >> senator, i'm glad you raised that because you're exactly right, it's one of the highest illiteracy rates and it's going to be a major drag on development. we do have a lot of ngos and a lot of church related activity, including sudanese churches which are provided the bulk of health and education services right now. we have had some discussion of whether we can bring the peace corps to south sudan. you have to be sure that the living conditions are possible among other things there. so we will look at that and other ways for ngos and young people to volunteer because i think there's a real opportunity. one of the areas is that teachers who are coming back to south sudan from the north have been teaching in arabic, and so english-language training is going to be very important, even for teachers who are trained as teachers but need not t

big humanitarian crisis in south sudan. >> what does the future hold for south sudan? >> it is bright if people can help them and build roads and in essence tugss. tugs. >> the world watching, what should we pray for? >> for the peace of sudan and pray that many more people come to the lord. so pray for the peace of sudan no. 1, no. 2, pray that more people will be open to the gospel and have an opportunity to hear it. >> governments like the u.s., what can we do to help? >> u.s. government giving 100 million dollars a year in military aid to beef up their sudan people's liberation army. south sudan army. that is needed if they are going to stand a chance against this giant in the north that may want to do things their own way and fight with them again. >> gary, thank you so much. we know you'll keep us posted. >> you can learn more about christian ministries, visit our website at "christian world news" >>> sub sue harn africa, george thomas takes us there. >> reporter: 20 years after the end inside south africa's biggest black township, another image emerging, soeto is

and that means increang political space in south sudan. it's very much controlled by one party at the moment and they need to open up that space so that when there are inevitable challenges and frustrations, they get channeled to a political system. >> woodruff: rebecca hamilton, thank you for helping fill out the portrait of this new country we'll be watching. thank you very much. >> thank you. >> ifill: now, as the shuttle atlantis makes its final rendezvous with the international space station, what comes next? ray suarez looks at the future of the american space program. >> two, one, zero, and liftoff! >> suarez: it was the final countdown to the beginning of the end of the space shuttle era. after 30 years and millions of miles traveled, s.t.s.-135 or the space transportation system's 135th and final flight blasted off friday from florida's kennedy space center. >> the space shuttle spreads its wings one final time for the start of a sentimental journey into history. >> suarez: just over 30 years earlier on april 12th, 1981, nasa laun

it is a breakaway that more than 99% of the people of south sudan voted for. etween the north and the south. let's go straight to the capital of the now independent nation of south sudan, juba. our reporter is there. nima, what has this day been like? >> reporter: well, fredricka, the stands you see behind me are empty now. but earlier today, there was quite a party here. people have been dancing and celebrating. in fact, i can hear some stragglers still celebrating just now. they've been celebrating since the clock struck midnight, since they knew that the dawn of the birth of their new nation was finally at hand after over half a century of conflict. and many people believe that this could not have happened if it wasn't for the sustained u.s. support over the lifetime of the bush administration and now during the obama administration. a very high-level u.s. delegation was here led by ambassador susan weiss. we spoke to them earlier. they told me they're really optimistic about the prospects for south sudan, fredricka. >> i wonder, nima, what are people lookin

south sudan marked its independence with celebrations in the country's capital of juba. since 2003, foreign direct investment into both sudans reached more than $13 billion. the middle east accounts for a quarter of that amount with the investment in the construction, communication, energy and the farm sectors. qatar heeds the way with the projects. the uae, egypt and lebanon follow suit. with little infrastructure or government, south sudan will be looking for a lot of foreign investment from the middle east and elsewhere. >> reporter: as the flag rises, so do the expectations of its people. after decades of civil war and conflict, they're hoping this is the beginning of a better life. >> this coming year after the transition may well define the trajectory and health of the new country both in plig and economic terms. >> reporter: it's not just the far east. sending a high level delegation to the celebrations. in spite of their split with the arab north, the southern sudanese are lacking across the red sea to the middle east. ahead of the country's formal declaration of

and in the case with south sudan. and the last several months, the united states has been very active in terms of helping for this day, helping south sudanese get ready for independence. they still have a long way to go, but i think susan rice, who has been working on this sudan issue for decades and colin powell who was in the bush administration just showed that this is very important to the united states. >> and will that u.s. embassy be a prelude to the u.s. sending an ambassador soon or have they already done so? >> well, they haven't done so yet, but i think the intention definitely is to a point an ambassador now that there is a full embassy. we haven't heard anybody nominated yet. we understand that's forth coming. also today there was a flag raising in washington of the south sudanese embassy here in the united states. it was just an office, now it is an official embassy. i think you're going to see a very sustained u.s. engagement. after decades of civil war as nima said, these people, they were displaced for

to south sudan and the north. so my question is as you know are staff has been working on trying to figure out how we might adjust some of these laws, which i think, personally, is important to do for a lot of reasons, not the at least of which are con trained the ability to deliver to the north unless we do. would you comment on whether or not you think it would be helpful, for instance, for you to have the legal authority to work on a peace empowerment zone that stretches across the entire border rather than have certain sections carved out the way it is now? >> there's a lot of attractions to that idea, senator, because the border area is where a very large portion of the population on both sides live. and there are a number of flash points there. there are disputed border areases. there's going to be questions of crossing borders of muture development, et cetera. think it's an area where we can make a significant contribution. if we had the ability to work wherefore we thought that would help alleviate both pr

the capital city of the world's newest nation of south sudan. for more than 20 years, the people of the south, mostly black african christians, fought in civil war with northern arabs. they resisted sudanese effortses to force them to become muslim. >> people died and struggling to be free. the majority of the south are christians. these are people that paid with their life. shed their blood for the chance to be free. for me, we've been working here for over 20 years for many christian organizations, cbn has been involved here helping the people during the time of struggle. >> reporter: but u.s. alabama to the united nations peace between the north and south could be temporary. she said u.s. is concerned about unresolved issues. mostly over exact demarcation of the border and sharing of oil revenues. especially in the mountains threaten southern independence and still poses a danger. during a meeting south sudan president, it helped rebuild 433 churches in south sudan. a couple of them were burned in recent fighting. he paid for the world's -- pr

the new president of south sudan, salva kiir, spoke of the bloody past after taking his oath of office. >> we have to forgive although we will not forget. >> woodruff: ie eethupd run- to independence day in sohru sudan had been marred by violence along the border in the abyei region, claimed by th sides and in the nuba mountains of the northern state of southern kordofan. >> people of south sudan: congratulations! >> woodruff: saturday's 10-hour- long independence ceremony was held in blistering heat with a large u.s. delegation on hand, led by u.n. ambassador susan rice. she also opened the new u.s. embassy in juba, along with former secretary of state colin powell, who helped broker the 2005 accord. also there, the president of sudan, omar al-bashir. he remains under international indictment for alleged war crimes committed in darfur, to the west. >> ( translated ): for the sake of peace, we have accepted the separation of the south out of the united sudan so that they can form a new country. although we believe that the unity of sudan was best for the north and the south. >> woodruf

the south sudan pound. one is currently worth about 26 euro cents. >> people lined up at the central bank to change their old notes and coins to the symbol of their new independence. the notes were printed in britain. the new currency is a milestone for south sudan. >> now that we have a central bank, of our own, i want to sincerely advise all of you, those who have money outside the country, you bring your money back. >> south sudan became independent on july 9 after decades of bloody civil war with the north. despite its oil reserves, the country's economy is in desperate shape, and it urgently needs foreign investors. >> and we have some news from the sporting world from meggin. >> a second stage win in the tour de france. a 160 discursion -- excursion -- a 160 kilometer excursion. a frenchman returns the overall jersey. contador has close the gap ahead of the critical alpine stages. -- has closed the gap. and atlantis and its crew of four astronauts have been at the international space station deliverin

headlines this hour, south sudan has become the world's newest nation. people of the south voted overwhelmingly for independence in the north and a referendum in january. and the british prime minister's former communications director, also the former editor of britain's biggest selling newspaper has been unveiled by police. the former u.s. first lady, betty ford, died at the age of 93. she was the wife of president gerald ford and served as first lady from 1974 to 1977. betty ford was best known for founding a leading california clinic for treating drug and i call addiction. president barack obama said she left a legacy of courage for others. >> ladies and gentlemen, president and mrs. gerald ford. >> gerald ford once said that he was indebted to no man and to only one woman, his wife betty ford. as first lady, she combined grace with candor, a candor that was tested just months after she moved into the white house when doctors discovered she had breast cancer and if -- and performed a mastectomy. her frank discussion about the ordeal is credited to lea

south sudan is now the world's newest country. the new nation is celebrating its independence day today. the people voted overwhelmingly earlier this year to break away from sudan. south sudan is about the size of texas. here's a listen to a bit of a new country's national anthem. take a listen. ♪ also today, south sudan's president is raising the flag in the capital. we will have much more on south sudan's independence day with a live report. don't miss that. that's in about 30 minutes. >>> the british royal couple are spending their first full day in california. that is today. prince william and his new wife kate arrived yesterday. they spent time at a couple of events promoting british business interests. and soccer star david beckham was among the guests at one of the events. today they will mix business with pleasure on the agenda is a charity polo match in santa bear bra and star-studded british film and tv event in los angeles. we'll have much more on the visit later in the show. >>> more in the news scandal in britain. brit

many observers say, at it is wracked with so many problems, south sudan.is going to take a generation to sort them out. people are very excited about the independence, they will not see a fast change. >> your report talks about the ongoing threats of violence. you in peacekeepers in one border area are due to leave on sunday. what effect is that going to have on security? >> this is from a border area. the president's -- he made it clear that all of the united nations peace people in the north of saddam would have to leave that -- north of sudan. there are massive problems on both sides of the border. you have a vast stretch of this 2,000 kilometer border that has not been demarcated properly. there is still conflict on each side of the border. there is a need for some international peacekeeping presence. that is the area where most people are worried about trade and the south, there will be a large peacekeeping force. there are so many problems still in the south. militias are popping out. >> thank you very much for joining us. among the problems which so

south sudan is ranked as one of the poorest countries in the world. today's independence was cheered by ex-pats all over the world. >> happy birthday new sudan. >> this was the scene today in washington, sudan already has it's own embassy and next week the united nations will discuss membership for the world's youngest country. sudan was the largest country in africa, it is now effectively divided into two nations. south sudan is roughly the size of texas and it's made up of mostly christians, why it's neighbor is made up of mostly muslims. sudan was racked by civil war for two decades. the man who will now lead south sudan as its first president is a former rebel leader who fought against the north. the new country faces huge challenges. it ranks near the bottom of the united nations poverty index, including the world's highest material mortality and the highest rates of female ill litera litera literacy. decades of fighting was finally ended with a piecemeal cease fire. i want to bring in supermodel alex wecht, you probably recognize her, alec thank

south sudan has suffered decades of civil war. a two million have died. next week, it will finally be independent. will it also be peaceful? what are the prospects for the future? i addressed that question a short time ago to the u.s. envoy to sudan who joined us from the state >> . back in january, the president said that the referendum in south sudan was inspiring. it does not seem very inspiring today, does it? >> it still is because on july 9th i expect the south to become a fully independent country and this is an achievement most of all for the sudanese people and national unity. there has been some very serious obstacles along the way but this is still a major achievement. >> the u.s. ambassador recently called what was happening in the border region or find. >> we have had two serious crises in the past few weeks. one was the military takeover in -- second, the fighting going on in the state of -- these are serious matters. the first is under control but the one in the south continues to be of major concern. >> some of the issues have been kicked

south sudan has suffered decades of civil war. a two million have died. next week, it will finally be independent. will it also be peaceful? what are the prospects for the future? i addressed that question a short time ago to the u.s. envoy to sudan who joined us from the state >> . back in january, the president said that the referendum in south sudan was inspiring. it does not seem very inspiring today, does it? >> it still is because on july 9th i expect the south to become a fully independent country and this is an achievement most of all for the sudanese people and national unity. there has been some very serious obstacles along the way but this is still a major achievement. >> the u.s. ambassador recently called what was happening in the border region or find. >> we have had two serious crises in the past few weeks. one was the military takeover in -- second, the fighting going on in the state of -- these are serious matters. the first is under control but the one in the south continues to be of major concern. >> some of the issues have been kicked