the united states government began sending combat troops to south vietnam. ask yourself what's going to happen to all the other little america stated goal was to spread democracy and defend freedom but thirty years later the legacy of that ten year war which left fifty thousand americans and over three million vietnamese dead still remains unsettled and in the decades of debate that followed the end of the war some stories have yet to be heard. today your soldiers sailors airmen marines and coast guard are better educated. are better informed. that traditional american ingenuity and if you. are better as a post fast. and understand what the war is all about. killing . the ceiling. listening. to misunderstand it might be. different to the good. news here are we near gurnall in basic training this savander portraiture school or school and i want to. really get over it i try to spend my whole life having people live a better life and basically feel better that's what nurses till. they tried to trick me into a kill they tried to trick me into somebody who would

vietnamization. to shift the burden of the south vietnamese. north vietnam. promised that american ground troops would no longer be involved in offensive combat. this is richard boyle firebase pace bunch of kilometers from the cambodian border sitting in a bunker but it doesn't run the first chapter a lot of people kind of wonder if anybody back in the world knows that we're on to . like. two batteries or a tourist posters here and on groceries like nobody we don't even exist. we just need. troops we're not supposed to be in combat that's why the american army did nine hundred that they were there you know that far as america was before this i got there weren't american troops on the border isn't going. to be fighting a democracy. why no are you all right you go back home the north vietnamese were had they had two regiments to crack regiments stoli surrounding the fire base it's plain something in the series we start going out there will be sitting ducks you know that's the thing about order think he's. going to try to hire a hired man they don't have to go o

vietnam the same. to shift the burden to the south vietnamese. north vietnam. promised that american ground troops would no longer be involved in the sense of combat. this is richard boyle firebase pace. from the cambodian border sitting in a bunker not a dozen from the first captives a lot of people are kind of wondering if anybody back in the world knows that we're out here. like. two batteries or a tourist posters in all grocery with nobody we don't even exist. we just need a miracle ships we're not supposed to be in combat that's why the american army did nine hundred that they were there you know that far as america was before this i got there were no american troops on the border. it would be funny how democracy. why no or. why you go back home the north vietnamese were had they had two regiments to crack regiments totally surrounding the fire base it's plain so it's nice to know. that soon as we start going out there will be sitting ducks you know the best thing for order. to try to hire hired man to go on thursday just set us on the captain crowed in or

lapse the nixon administration announced the policy of vietnam the sation an effort to shift the burden of combat to the south vietnamese army while american jets bombarded north vietnam from the skies. nixon trama stet american ground troops would no longer be involved in offensive combat. this is richard boyle firebase pace. from the cambodian border sitting in a bunker doesn't run the first captain a lot of people are kind of wondering if anybody back in the world knows that we're out here. like. two batteries or a tourist posters on groceries with nobody we don't even exist. you just need. we're not supposed to be in combat that's why the american army deny that they were there you know that far as america was before this i got there weren't american troops on the border. it would be playing out in my office and. saying why no or. why you go back home the north vietnamese were had they had two regiments to crack regiments totally surrounding the fire base this place was like no. bathrooms we start going out there will be sitting ducks you know the best thing of order. to try to hire a hired man or have to

south. and up next our special report on the start of the vietnam war movement in the u.s. in the nineteen sixty's that altered the course of history. toured vietnam you dog when you meant a black soldier you know he had it debbie had a special handshake you could even you got to the point where you could even till what part of the country he was from because everybody had their distinctive the deaf or handshake the deaf and they could tell the people within your company because everybody knew everybody had their world knew what to do. you know the problem oh my god i'm glad i don't know or they just check back. with you know we got to come. by. the snappiest ready to swear that first just that high and then the down this way like a sony always do as well if you like a break from don you around right. there you go that's it so that i can recall the blood's oh my specialty base was big a big big big hit even going to jail for the power would be just what we did to other things as well we've done a bit even going to jail the dog just don't. belong in jail was it just odd heat

in 1965 the government of south vietnam said things are going bad in the delta. the north koreans are taking our rice crop, security's bad, we want an american unit there. that was approved by the government with two stipulations. one, you have to locate this group deep in viet cong territory, and two, it would have to be on the water. because they wanted river operations. so in 1966, the first of february, the ninth division was formed under general george eckhardt, and one year later they came to vietnam. at the same time the u.s. navy was told, come up with a river -- [inaudible] so the ninth division closed in vietnam in first of february, 1967, one year to the day. they were originally located at bearcat. bearcat was located 15 mile east of saigon. they had responsibility for eight provinces. they had a lot of static requirements. they laid because you have to protect -- [inaudible] communications. so that held back your ability to control -- [inaudible] also the second brigade was in kenwa was where the national liberation front came from. that is the heart

we do have to pay attention to that. 1954, we created the nation of south vietnam.t. the vietnamese wanted to live together. >> as smarty pants as we all try to be, we have no idea. this is a situation where you have social media thrown in there. a country uniting in ways we have never seen before. you have to wonder what is going to happen. we don't know. the administration didn't know. that's why we have had these days of back and forth. and what to we say? >> thank you for what you're doing, al jazeera. people say they fanned the flames here by bringing the fact that democracy is not in existence and that people are being suppressed. that's what we need. we need more communication in the world. it's not al jazeera's fault that mubarak is under siege now. >> we in the media tend to think that the media drives the world. i have a feeling this has been going on regardless of the media. >> the world doesn't know what is happening everywhere else. that's what the media does. >> we only have 30 seconds. quick question for you. the new vice president, omar suleiman, is

south china sea. as i said before, vietnam that is the boundary of the south china sea is emerging as one of the surest american allies in all of eurasia because united states defeated them in a war. they have no chips on their shoulders, no grudges to bear, no face to lose by openly entering into a military alliance of sort with the united states without needing to make explanations or apologies to its neighbors, and vietnam greatly fears china. vietnam, indonesia, other countries in east asia all have china as their largest trading partner, and therefore they require the united states as a kind of hedging power, a as a balancer against china. indonesia has only two submarines. china has many dozens. indonesia requires the presence of the united states navy to balance against china, but indonesia can't say this publicly because they don't want to alienate others in the islam uke world. remember, indonesia is 240 million people. let me just say a few words about the south china sea in which vietnam, i understand that sha and -- indonesia border. they have conflicting claims against each other because t

we owned the south china sea, all of the islands, the yellow sea, and threatened an awful lot of folks. it was a mistake by the military because end ya, vietnampan, taiwan, south korea all nervous are moving back -- >> what's the point? >> they are moving back the united states. the politicians are trying to regain control of the policy in china. >> they have a transition next year as well, a turnover in leadership. it looks as though they are leaving the long period of sort of inward growth and concentrating on economic growth which came under the father of modern china, and that they are getting more aggressive. i think what hu is looking for when he comes here next week is mostly respect. they want to be seen as a rival super power on the world stage. >> mm-hmm. >> and i think their military is -- >> let me get to arianna. what does obama what from hu? >> two things primarily. he would want them to liberalize them of the trade policy and be able to -- >> and what, the remnant? >> and the second thing he would want is, you know, the continued staff of intellectual property is becoming a huge problem. you know there is another thing that alr

south china sea. as i said before, vietnam, which dominates the western boundary of the south china sea is emerging as one of the surest american allies in all of eurasia, precisely because vietnam defeated the united state in a war. it has no chips on its shoulders, no axes to grind, no bridges to bear, no face to lose by openly entering into a military alliance of sorts with the united states without needing to make explanations or apologies to it neighbors. and the tom group a fierce china. vietnam, indonesia, other countries as their largest trading partner and therefore they require the united states as a hedging power, against china. indonesia has only two submarines. china has many dozens. indonesia requires the presence of the united states navy to balance against china, the indonesia cannot do this publicly because indonesia would be afraid to alienate others in the comic world. indonesia is 230 million people, 200 million of which are most on, the largest muslim society under. so let me just say a few words about the south china v., which indonesia, the non, the philippines, malaysia all por

south china sea. as i said before, vietnam which dominates the western boundary of the south china sea is emerging as one of the surest american allies in all of eurasia. it has no chips on the shoulders, no axe to grind, no face to lose. entering a military alliance of sorts with the united states without meaning to make explanations or apologies to its neighbors and the vietnam greatly fears china. vietnam, indonesia, other countries in east asia all have china as their largest trading partner and help the united states as a kind of hedging power, a balancer. indonesia has two some marines. indonesia requires the presence of the united states navy to balance against china but indonesia cannot say this publicly because indonesia would be afraid to alienate others in the islamic world. indonesia is two forty million people, two hundred million of which are largest muslim society on earth. let me say a few words about the south china sea which indonesia, the philippines, malaysia all border in a sense. they all have conflicting claims against each other because the south china sea is rich in oil and p

vietnam. my question is, with the south korean, my plan is to move from vietnam to korea and. to the u.s. -- and korea to the u.s. are you familiar with the south. trade pact? is that still on? do you think that is going to have anything with the chinese and the u.s. moving that way? if that happens, i will move it. as far as catalysts, you of not been anywhere -- as far as capitalists, you have not been and are until you move to china. there are no regulations there anywhere. no rules of their road -- new rules of the road, nothing. but if you teach, they will kill you. -- if you cheat, they will kill you. guest: i think the trade pact is going forward. the administration thinks it is. i don't think it'll be a big subject at the discussions between president hu and president obama. the chinese really don't have a lot of standing to complain or urge that one way or the other. i think that is something they will not want to get involved in. host: california. rick, a republican. caller: good morning. i really have to center in on our environmental issues. it is so unfair. they al

south korea. we need to go into vietnam, whatever. a cost benefit analysis never in any serious way preceded any of of those wars. why? because the country was rich. the united states could afford to go to war. we could have guns and butter both. why did i say up until 2008? because i'm of the strong opinion -- i can't prove, i'm just a historian. i look backwards rather than forwards. but i'm of the strong opinion that the united states has outrun -- at least for the foreseeable future -- its era of elective wars. i cannot believe that the united states would choose to go to war, well, as the united states did against spain in 1898 or as the united states did in iraq in 2003 without, without a lot of people saying, wait a minute, we can't afford it. you know what that's going to do to the deficit? and so the united states may have reverted now recently, since the financial meltdown of 2008, to the way the country was before the period that i talk about. when, well, it wasn't that rich a country, and war like any other kind of nationa

that is not a given the people would have been able to congregate in a free south korean 50 years ago or 60 years ago, and vietnam in this democracy has emerged. it takes time for these issues to a vault. -- to evolve. most people in taxes do not worry about it either. they are just happy to have the home, and i am happy to be home. the key for me was that i gave it my all. i served -- i did not sell my soul, and history will ultimately be the judge. i cannot remember the other part of the question a. i am getting old. >> i of the presidency -- i am president of texas. -- i am from texas. you have often differed from your party on immigration. in the upcoming decade, would progress to you previously -- what progress he you predict? >> great question. i not only differ from my party but from the other party as well. the reason immigration reform died is because people were nervous about of populism that started to emerge. we are a land of immigrants, and we ought to recognize that. i believe america's soul is rejuvenating when people come to our country and work hard to realize dreams. there is an orderly way to d

and strengthened our bonds with our allies, japan, south korea, thailand, australia, and the philippines. we have deepened our partner with india, vietnamur defense posture fits the region. we are working to ratify a free trade agreement with south career,, -- south korea, and hep create new americans companies and support new jobs here at home. those goals will be front and center when we host the asia pacific economic cooperation forum in hawaii later this year. we will work to strengthen in the asia pacific, including signing the aseon treaty, and increasing engagement in the pacific island form. a more robust and coherent regional architecture in asia benefits all of us, especially the united states and china. it helps ensure that every nation and point of view is heard, and reinforces the system of rules and responsibility from protecting intellectual property to freedom of navigation that form the basis of a just, international order. in these multilateral settings, responsible behavior is rewarded with ledge -- legitimacy and respect. we can work together to hold account to those who have counterproductive actions towards peace a

south korea, thailand, australia, and the philpines. we have deepen their partnerships with india and indonesia, vietnam, malaysia, singapore, and new zealand wking to ratify

south korea, thailand, australia, and the philippines. and we deepened our partnerships with india and indonesia, vietnam, singapore and new zealand. we're taking steps to ensure that our defense posture reflects the complex and evolving strategic environment in the region. and we're working to ratify of free trade agreement with south korea come and pursuing a regional agreement through the trans-pacific partnership to help create new opportunities for american companies and support new jobs here at home. those goals will be front and center when we host the asia-pacific economic cooperation forum in hawaii later this year. we have also worked to strengthen regional architecture in the asia-pacific, including signing the oslo treaty and cooperation. and attended east asia summit for the first time and increasing engagement in the pacific island forum. a more robust and coherent regional architecture in asia benefits all of us, especially the united states and china. it helps to ensure that every nation and point of view is heard. and it reinforces the system of rules and responsibilities for protecting intellectual property to ensu

vietnam war. and in a sense, that's the most tragic chapter in the book. >> host: you see johnson as a tragic figure? >> guest: absolutely. he was a man who raised in the south in texas who hadn't shown any particular enthusiasm for civil rights, but who then took up that mantle of civil rights reform. and basically rammed it down the throats of congress and certainly southern politicians. and who knew that it might be fatal from the chances of democratic candidates in the future. and i think he showed enormous courage in that sense. in 1964, when he was still an unelected president, in goldwater. people are concerned about the republican right he was pressed into service. >> host: he didn't have that in mind? >> guest: yes, he had it in mind. it's interesting, in a way if he had stood aside, he would be the 5th great president. what he achieved as civil rights really is extraordinary. and he inherited kennedy's involvement in vietnam. it wasn't a war in that stage. and the -- and i think in many ways although a great man, johnson was not equipped to be a caesar. he had traveled somewhat around the world as vice president. but essentially, his realm was the

south korea, thailand, australia, and the philippines. and we have deepened our partnerships in indonesia, vietnam, malaysia, and singapore and new zealand. and we are working to ratify a free-trade agreement with south korea and pursuing a regional agreement with the trans-pacific partnership to help create new opportunities for american companies and to support new jobs here at home. those goals will be front and center when we host the asia- pacific economic cooperation forum in hawaii later this year. we have also worked to strengthen regional architecture in the asia-pacific, including signing viva la crv of -- assigning the aussie on treaty. regional architecture in asia benefits all of us, especially the united states and china. insurers that every nation and point of view is heard and it reinforces a system of rules and/or responsibilities -- roles and responsibilities in a just and international order. in these multilateral settings, responsible behavior is rewarded with legitimacy and respect and we can work together to hold accountable those who take counterproductive actions to peace, stability, and prosperity. our regional en

south korea, thailand, australia, and the philippines. we have deepen their partnerships with india and indonesia, vietnam, malaysia, singapore, and new zealand. we're taking steps to ensure that our defense posture reflects the complex and evolving strategic environment in the region. and we're working to ratify a free-trade agreement with south korea and pursuing a regional agreement through the trans pacific partnership to help create new opportunities for american companies and support new jobs here at home. those goals will be front and center when we host the asia- pacific economic cooperation forum in hawaii later this year. we have also worked to strengthen regional architecture in the asia-pacific, including signing deossie on treaty of amity and cooperation. and attending the east asia summit for the first time and increasing basement in the pacific island 4 am. a more robust and -- island forum. a more robust and cohesive region benefits all of the spirit it in shows that -- it ensures that every nation and point of view is heard. it reinforces the rules and responsibilities from protecting intellectual property to freedom of navig

vietnam peace. at 29 in morocco, directing the peace corps. at 36, presiding over the state department bureau responsible for east asia and as david reminded us, the south but this time on the first floor. close to the cafeteria. he took pleasure in showing off what he called his huddle. it gave him a chance to laugh at the ironies that attended the drama and occasionally the melodrama of his life. so richard had a playful heart too. but it was still a proud heart. and there was plenty of room in it for pride in his colleagues. especially as coti and president obama have stressed, his younger colleagues. mentoring often meant pushing proteges to higher positions, on higher floors. his was a generous heart as well, but most of all, his was a brave heart. he showed current of many kinds, intellectual, political, diplomatic, moral courage, but physical courage too. most recently during the past two years in the bad lands along the doran line where he was a prize target on al qaeda's hit list, but where he was also revered by the destitute, the displace, and the disenfranchised. starting sometime around last summer, richard began thinking seriously about wr

vietnam peace. at 29 in morocco, directing the peace corps. at 36, presiding over the state department bureau responsible for east asia and as david reminded us, the southce was on the sixth floor of the department of state which on those premises is considered close to heaven since it's just below the office of the secretary of state. so flash ahead 30 years. there he is again. back in foggy bottom. but this time on the first floor. close to the cafeteria. he took pleasure in showing off what he called his huddle. it gave him a chance to laugh at the ironies that attended the drama and occasionally the melodrama of his life. so richard had a playful heart too. but it was still a proud heart. and there was plenty of room in it for pride in his colleagues. especially as coti and president obama have stressed, his younger colleagues. mentoring often meant pushing proteges to higher positions, on higher floors. his was a generous heart as well, but most of all, his was a brave heart. he showed current of many kinds, intellectual, political, diplomatic, moral courage, but physical courage too. most recently during the past two years in the bad lands along t

stimulates india, vietnam, japan and others to want an american presence and if you don't believe that, just look at what is happened in the last year with the -- and the issues about the south china sea. and also just goaded new delhi and talk to indians. when you get 1 inch below the surface -- surface let me tell you they are scared very much about china. it is as though mexico and canada were asking china to have bases in mexico and canada because of their fear of the u.s.. and obviously that shows you the difference between the geopolitical relationships in the two areas. so this idea that eventually there is going to be a clash between the united states in china because both militaries are getting stronger i just don't see it. >> yes, maam. >> i wonder what is your assessment of u.s. proposals of military exercises in eastern asia and what kind of resistance do you anticipate from china and other countries? >> one of the things i try to say to my chinese interlocutors in beijing and shanghai last week was the walk to welcome the american exercise with korea and japan because it is giving a signal to north korea not to do more crazy things as they try to assure the succ

vietnam peace. at 29 in morocco, directing the peace corps. at 36, presiding over the state department bureau responsible for east asia and as david reminded us, the south pacific. and that job, his office was on the sixth floor of the department of state which on those premises is considered close to heaven since it's just below the office of the secretary of state. so flash ahead 30 years. there he is again. back in foggy bottom. but this time on the first floor. close to the cafeteria. he took pleasure in showing off what he called his huddle. it gave him a chance to laugh at the ironies that attended the drama and occasionally the melodrama of his life. so richard had a playful heart too. but it was still a proud heart. and there was plenty of room in it for pride in his colleagues. especially as coti and president obama have stressed, his younger colleagues. mentoring often meant pushing proteges to higher positions, on higher floors. his was a generous heart as well, but most of all, his was a brave heart. he showed current of many kinds, intellectual, political, diplomatic, moral courage, but physical courage too. most recently during the past tw