only one in four white southern families owned slaves but elite slave holding oligarchs dominated southern politics and they did so, republicans argued, by depriving the white slave holding masses of free speech, of education, of economic opportunity and of social and technological progress. as the is a session crisis unfolded this critique resonated more with northern democrats who recently felt betrayed by the slave holding wing of their own party. so the critique primed northerners to believe in the wake of lincoln's election that a small group of cunning successionist con spear source who seduced and terrorized the southern mass noose accepting secession. as "the new york times" put it, in june of 1861 the brother of our south, betrayed, plund erred of inquiry, forced into treason by bold, wad men. the is a sessionists. such rhetoric was ubiquitous in the early days of the washing and union soldiers marched out to war with such deliverance language literally ringing this their ears. as a local dignitary told one massachusetts regiment at a flag presentation ceremony in the spring of 18

her masterful biography, biography, southern southern leaning, yankees by the lady yankees spy, true story of a true story of elizabeth van lou a union agent a union agent in in the heart of the the heart of the confederacy was confederacy was published published by by oxford oxford university university press in press in 2003 and when 2003 and one three prizes three prizes including the including the library library of virginia's virginia's people's choice award. people choice award today she will. today she will speak to us speak to us about her about her new book, new book, armies armies of of deliverance deliverance a new, a new history history of the civil war of the civil war which was which was published earlier this published earlier this year by year by oxford. oxford a. review in the a review in the wall street wall street journal, journal by some guy named by someone named harold holzer, maybe harold holzer some of you heard of him,, called the called the book book quote, quote, a highly original and a highly original and sweeping new sweeping new study. i had the study. i

the southern transitional council. in the end prioritizes the people of the demands of the people regardless of what the coalition times feel. needs to be done and the s.t.c. will prioritize the demands of the people and that's going from basic services to a genuine inclusive representation for negotiation peace process ok elizabeth what's the who thiis support what's going on in the south i would they be interested to see a more independent minded southern part of yemen does that help them. i think what the his thesis will be keen to see is this rift reemerging in the coalition it was clear that the riyadh agreement signed between the head of government and the s.t.c. in november really just kicked the can down the road it didn't solve anything it didn't solve the issue of southern secession and it put in place a whole load of promises and timelines that haven't been kept no doubt that this benefits the who sees because it makes the coalition a far less strong in fighting that what the who sees though actually wants a

so, what was the southern manifesto? you know, when people think about it today, it is very much enshrouded in the mist of mythology, and to the extent that they think about it at all. we think of segregationists as having temporarily sort of taken leave of their senses, and that the southern manifesto is a screed that sounds like nothing so much as a latter day rebel yell. you know, when describing the manifesto in its signatories, commentators say that it was driven by fear, anger, and mental illness. just about any emotion or condition that reduces or eliminates rational thought. we hear that the manifesto was -- that it seethed with anger, that it bristled with angry words and that it had an ugly vee a vehemence. people say about the signers that they were fanatic segregationists. this thinking finds its height in richard kluger's "simple justice," a magnificent work i hold in truly great admiration. nevertheless, on this score, he says that the southern manifesto was an ejaculation of bile and an orgyastic declarati

so, elizabeth, this northern spy and southern-born elite white southern woman and denizen of richmond runs a spy ring in the war and many of you if not all know her story, and so van lou, and she told her own life and she had been sort of the abolitionist from birth, and in truth, she is coming to embrace anti-slavery gradually, and she sees the secessionists as a form of mass hysteria and leading virginia into the confederacy and she concludes that watching the secession unfold that slavery has rendered southerners irrational and self-destructive. so she by the time that the war starts, i would describe her adds an abolitionist. she absolutely thinks of the war as a war of deliverance and the deliverance of the slaves that she most interested in. and people like van lou and the high command has only heard existence of her so-called richmond underground but by the second half of the war, they reach out to her and she becomes a spy for grant. it is the very existence of van lou that help to sustain the narrative for people like lincoln and grant and yes, there are some white southerner

because by the 1830s, dueling was increasingly seen as a southern custom, something that southerners boasted about as being a sign of their culture, something that northerners demeaned as being barbaric. and, in fact, by the 1830s and 1840s, north and south had two really different fighting cultures. southern culture obviously, the slavery-based culture favored violence and in particular, man-to-man combat. both things were vital in a slave-based culture. northerners were more prone to rioting when it came to violence. so north and south are violent in this period. neither one is necessarily better than the other when it comes to violence, but dueling by this point is becoming decidedly southern. in congress that made a difference. in congress, southerners knew that they were willing to duel and that their northern colleagues were probably not willing to duel, particularly by this point, because by this point, congressmen from the north were assuming their constituents back home really disapproved of it, thought it was barbaric and southern and would not want their representatives to

because by the 1830's, dueling was increasingly seen as a southern custom, something that southernersaric. and in fact, by the 1830's and 1840's, north and south had two really different fighting cultures. southern culture obviously, the slavery-based culture, favored violence and in particular, man-to-man combat. both things were vital in a slave-based culture. northerners were more prone to writing. north and south -- prone to rioting. one wasn't necessarily better than the other when it came to violence, but dueling became southern. in congress, that made a difference. in congress, southerners knew that they were willing to duel and that their northern colleagues were probably not willing to duel, particularly by this point, because by this point, congressmen from the north assumed that their constituents back home thought it was barbaric and southern and would not want their representative to take part in it. southerners used that to their advantage during congressional debate. they threatened and intimidated northern opponents, hinting at duels, knowing full well the northerners

it's southern and northern wings at odds. the party in effect became a southern dominated sectional party that elected dough faces. that is a derisive term for northern man of southern principles, as everyone in this room knows. men such as franklin pierce and the ever popular titan from pennsylvania, james buchanan. i will give you a moment to contemplate buchanan's greatness. that is enough. (laughs) in the minds of many in the free states, the democratic party served as a mere tool of slave holding all the dark's. the republican party, a purely sectional organization with no appeal in the south, first ran a candidate in 1850, six as we all know. the pathfinder. the platform called for a total ban of slavery is expansion into the territories. white southerners quickly associated republicans with abolitionists, although the two were by no means, as john suggested, synonymous. and national conventions at charleston and then reconvened up all to more at 1860, the democratic party also foundered on the issue of slavery in the t

southern politicians and other contexts started to argue in the alternative. even though they were warranted, it should not be construed as requiring racial integration. but overtime it assumed a starring role. far from comprising losers history, the intellectual view had the integration cause. the attitudes can be sprased by examining the evolving attitude of senator sam irvin of south karz -- south carolina time line. if you flash forward to august, 1963, he made a concerted effort, and he has attorney general robert kennedy before him in some hearings for the senate commerce committee. he does not say he is attempting to drain the meaning from brown. it is a score on educators who wants racially balanced schools. and he asks the following loaded question. do you not agree with me that denying a school child the right to to the bus or otherwise -- the school, in that other community, is a violation of the 14th amendment as determined by the amendment on bround versus board of education. kennedy is knocked off, you know, his sort of groove he twisted in his c

president's accused of inciting rebellion as he supports calls to liberate southern states from a coronavirus knocked out. i'm about this and this is all just your life from doha also coming up flattening the curve the indian state of catulus says it's contained the pandemic by enforcing tough preventative measures. troops loyal to the un recognise government in libya attempt to regain control of wall khalifa haftar largest western base. the army puts on a show of force on the streets of the soul till we're live in the capital. boredom 3900000000 people half the world's population are on the lockdown to prevent the spread of corona virus just over 2000000 cases of now being confirmed worldwide the challenge for governments is deciding when to ease restrictions balancing people's health with plummeting economic wealth the u.s. has the highest number of cases and deaths but with 22000000 people unemployed the president's putting pressure on some democratic governors to quote liberate their states donald trump has been accused of inciting dangerous acts iran was already in economic trouble when

southerners dominated the federal government to this point, majority southern, dred scott majority still there, wonder if you can speak to the role of anxiety white civilization understand attack somehow? >> well, i think that they -- building up throughout the 1850s and we can just talk about john brown's raid which just inspired hysteria throughout the south and they had -- they had reason to fear. they were afraid of slave insurrections. they never -- they never appeared, but they were afraid of it and i think rightly so. i think white racial anxiety was also tied to the fact that their economy was based on slave labor and there were more wealthy people in the south than any other -- i mean you saw the wealth chart up there. i mean it's -- it was amazing. >> it's all of white south is worried about that, not just slave holders, of course, and the image of haiti is in their minds. they talk about haiti a lot. parts of south where 90% ep slaved people and 10% white people and the specter of a race war is real and saw john brown indicative of what the white north seemed to want. white no

to assume control of the southern areas are they fully behind you so. in the end it's tedious to see is stands by the people and it will do whatever it needs to do to protect you haven't responded much my my my question is whether you're getting support from the iraqis right so. whether they're supporting they have been supporting the fight on terrorism they've been supporting the fights on the iranian backed through these and this is these are not just southern issues these are regional in its traditional 2060 the d.m. iraqis have provided military and financial backing to the security around the s.e.c. dominated by military group which you know is part of the s.t.c. again i just want to know whether the iraqis are back this idea of self rule in the south. so and again the m.r.i. teams have been supporting not just the security belt but many fronts far as the battle on the iranian backed these and the. and the terrorism in the area with these are regional and international issues but these calls have not been since 2016 i mean as much as. many people o

current virus pandemic is threatening an already vulnerable food supply and then controlling aid in southern separatists declare self rule in yemen strategic port city the government calls it a coup. across the world the governments are facing the difficult decision of how to lift coronavirus lockdown restrictions while trying to avoid a surge in infections the so-called 2nd wave in the u.s. the spite warnings from public health experts colorado mississippi minnesota montana and tennessee will reopen without testing and contact tracing the country's corona virus response coordinator deborah burke's said that social distancing measures will continue through the summer months meanwhile u.k. prime minister boris johnson has returned to downing street after recovering from the virus his government faces intense scrutiny over its handling of the pandemic and how it plans to ease restrictions the french government will release its plan on tuesday and 6 weeks after spain imposed the strictest lockdown restrictions in europe children have been allowed out of the house for the 1st time that the in ba

in control in a did this southern separatists the clare self ruling yemen strategic port city the government calls it a coup. hello i'm barbara starr you're watching our jazeera live from london also coming up outside for the 1st time in 6 weeks spanish children emerge from one of europe's strictest lockdowns but only for an hour the u.k. prime minister heads back to work on monday after recovering from the virus as criticism mounts over his government's response to the crisis and why the coronavirus pandemic is threatening an already vulnerable since. the welcome to the program yemen's internationally recognized government has described the declaration of self rule by separatists in the country south as a coup the agent based southern transitional council declared a state of emergency saying it would govern the port city and other southern provinces the s.t.c. is supported by the united arab emirates the saudi backed the yemeni government warned of a dangerous and catastrophic consequences someone may have been is a senior lecturer in international studies at lancaster university in the u.k

i am covering 230 years of southern history. what is striking, it is not surprising that the anchors in the choctaw in oklahoma, but the places where they were before removal. chickasaw, some of the same patterns. what you are seeing is even though people are removed, they are still there. how was it this happened? it reminds us that the arrows from the little green boxes are missing part of the history of people who maintained the spiritual and physical connection with the land, who found ways to maintain their connection with these places in the south from which they were displaced by slavery and white mobility. what do we make of this? this is a strange turn in southern history, especially as people otherwise recognized as white are eager for a connection to people whom their ancestors persecuted from their home. on the one hand, this is arguably a heartening change from most of american history. on the other hand, the claim of widespread self identification is a major political problem for native people themselves, who estab

funded the southern fighters to help retake the port city of aden the internationally recognized. it was written store bought in 2017 amid anger against the government the southern transitional council was set up and it cool for a return to an independent south and last year battles broke out between saudi backed government forces and the u.a.e. supported so the movement both parties signed a power sharing agreement last november in riyadh and yemen's foreign minister says this pact is now being violated by the s.t.c. decoration of self governance they say now from al qaida superman who represents the s.t.c. the southern transitional council in new york and he explains why that declaration is happening now this is not a an event just sprung out of nowhere this is actually a pileup. mis management misgovernance in specially in south yemen south yemen has been with the lists for going on 3 years or 4 years now. unfortunately things have deteriorated as far as the humanitarian wise the situation as far as basic services are not. minimal or basic services are not being delivered. litt

this evening we could see one or two showers across southern areas or two showers across southern areasr two showers across southern areas but the main bulk of the rain or whatever that will come our way is way to the south, just approaching the channel islands. through the course of the day we will see that weather fronts approach the south—west of the country, some rain on the way for plymouth and southampton, by the time it gets to lunchtime it will start to rain around parts of the midlands, southern areas of wales are not a huge area of rainfall but a lot more substantial than we have had for some time. further it now a lot more bright weather around and that rain might not reach the north—west of the country until the evening hours on friday and scotland and northern ireland all the while staying dry. through the weekend this low pressure keeps moving over us, very fla bby pressure keeps moving over us, very fla b by area pressure keeps moving over us, very flabby area of low pressure that means winds aren't particularly strong, weather fronts are means winds aren't particularly s

celebration is in southern yemen as a separatist declares itself in defiance of the government. fully back to boyer watching al-jazeera live from doha also ahead the mystery deepens about the health and whereabouts of north korea's leader after he was a no show at a key anniversary as catholics head back to church in south korea we ask if life they could slowly be returning to normal and concerns in zimbabwe that are locked down extension will worsen a food crisis already affecting half the population to in. the end. the 5 year long fight for control of yemen has taken a new turn southern separatists based in the port city of aden have declared a state of emergency and autonomous rule the southern transitional council blames the saudi backed government for failing to improve the lives of yet many's the government's foreign minister says the move will have a serious and catastrophic consequences for an agreement signed in november aimed at uniting the 2 sides let's take a closer look at the divisions when the whole thiis began seizing major cities in 2015 southern separatist join

in the southern city of sybil the annual fair isn't happening but that hasn't stopped them celebrating with people dancing traditionally. balconies and generally enjoying the chance to let their hair down the city council may think the event in september is part of the plan to recover the tourism industry. there right now there's a cautious optimism in spain as people take stock of how many lives the crisis has already taken. while the white house official coordinating the country's response to the corona virus outbreak says social distancing may be necessary right through the summer deborah buck says the u.s. needs a huge technology breakthrough to expand testing before the country can reopen but state governors remain divided his or castro reports despite clear warnings the virus continues to spread some americans have just had enough it's been 5 weeks and most people here with thousands of calls cannot get through to unemployment they don't know what they're going to do protesters gathered in downtown las vegas begging to return to jobs that shuttered casinos and entertainment venue

the four continental general s had commanded the southern department. one left early before his abilities and theater command were seriously tested. the other three failed in spectacular fashion. so what to do about the south? the precocious 25-year-old alexander hamilton had the answer. for god's same! send greene! which was george washington did as he had intended. his instructions to general greene, uninformed as i am of the enemy's force in that quarter of our own or of the resources which will be in our power for command for carrying on the war, i can give you no particular instructions. but must leave to you to govern yourself according to your own prudence and judgment and the circumstances in which you find yourself. in other words, washington gave greene carte blanche or to put it in holier terms, good luck, you're on your own! 38-year-old nathanael. i got the wrong clicker here. here we go. there he is! he was from rhode island. a novist in 1775 when he reported to george washington outside boston. now, however, educated on the job, hardened b

forces led by the southern transitional council, like the other vital infrastructures here.d rebellion and warned of catastrophic repercussions. this latest confrontation only adds to yemen's problems. it is already locked in a bitter civil war between government forces backed by saudi arabia and houthi rebels, who are backed by iran, a war lasting five years, that has killed tens of thousands of civilians and pushed millions to the brink of starvation. the stc claim to have taken control of the southern port city of aden, a vital city in the government's fight against the houthis, who control much of the north, including the capital, sanaa. the stc had been fighting alongside government forces in the war against the houthis. this act against the government is a blow for the coalition and its saudi backers. the stc believe the south of the country should be an independent state and say their former allies in the government have conspired against them, causing tensions to grow, in what is being called a civil war within a civil war. stay with us on bbc news, still to come: st

you're watching al-jazeera live from doha also coming up more heavy rain and flash flooding turn the southern yemeni city of aden into a disaster area. south africa poisoned 90 percent of its army to enforce coronavirus lockdown measures. also ahead serious warnings from mexico's government and it concerns the peak is just weeks away. iran's revolutionary guard says the country is now able to monitor the world from space after successfully launching its 1st military satellite into orbit the u.s. has accused iran in the past of using its space program as a cover for missile development allegations iran denies israel has condemned the latest launch without addressing the launch director the us president donald trump has gone on twitter saying he has a warning about iran how are seeing american ships at sea is what the head of the revolutionary guard said about the launch. it is a necessity for such powerful defense forces like the revolutionary guard to have access to advanced capabilities today the powerful armies of the world have no comprehensive defense plan if they don't have a place in sp

now, this proposal which of an offensive into india by southern expeditionary army was opposed not only by the general staff but also by the combat advancement that would have to carry it out, the 15th army and the division commanders underneath it. the main reason they opposed it has to do with the geography of the area. and i don't know how familiar you are with a map of the area, but on the border between burma and india runs north-south and also the major rivers and mountain ranges run essentially in a north-south direction. as you can kind of picture, the japanese are in burma on the east and they have to cross over the river and this mountain range into india on the west. and the mountain range, it's called the arakan mountain range. spelled a-r-a-k-a-n. it consists of really high mountains, steep sides reaching up to 10,000 feet and equally steep and deep canyons. it's a really -- it's a really large physical geographical obstacle to any offensive into india. and so the 15th army and the division commanders are all opposed to this operation. first of all, they say we don't have e

hello this is slightly better weather conditions across central and southern areas of china have had a couple of days now where the rains have been much lighter and you can see this massive cloud heading towards japan the rain with this system really is staying well off towards the east that does me because still see one or 2 scattered showers but nothing particularly have it it will widespread up into a kite attempt is a bit low there as well just 10 degrees celsius but look at how much is in beijing these clear skies over the next couple of days 24 celsius on monday elsewhere temperatures are all at the high side maybe on the 2 shadows just heading tools that east coast week to the south of shanghai but then look at beijing on tuesday up to 30 degrees celsius and really warm across much of china again once the sunshine returns up to 28 in hong kong now plenty of rain across much of the southeast of asia particularly throughout much of indonesia some heaviest bells again across sumatra and the middle a peninsula picking up some very heavy downpours over the next couple of days we co

>> guest: i think there's a political calculation on the part of southern democrats. they have constituents that are important. they have many more constituents who are farmers than they have constituents who were tobacco executives. >> host: is in part about votes? >> guest: it's an part about votes but it's part of an economic theory about how to empower different groups in the modern economy. if you had an imbalance between the agricultural sector in the industries sector in the consumer sector that might lead to another depression and so it was important for the federal government to basically shore up these different groups of americans and make sure that there was economic harmony. >> host: let me give you a simplistic assertion. tobacco really was never good for the farmers. it was good for the dash >> guest: well it's hard for me to wrap my mind around that with what i know about the experience of tobacco farming in the 20th century. because of federal policy that was directing money toward farmers, farming he came a lot better. many people at the same time to

for the clearer parts of southern scotla nd the clearer parts of southern scotland and northern irelanduper moon. there is more cloud across much of england and wales tomorrow compared with the day, may be as shower and the midlands, country one potentially in south—east england. clwyd for northern ireland and north—west scotland. it is still warm out there for many of us, and warmer into england. some spots into the low 20s. for england and wales, high pollen levels again tomorrow, this is tree pollen. thursday could start with some fog, particularly in southern england, gradually clearing. for southern england, sunny spells. maybe some spots of light rain and drizzle in scotland. most light rain and drizzle in scotland. m ost pla ces light rain and drizzle in scotland. most places will stay dry. feeling colder in northern scotland. it is still warm baguette the sunshine, particularly in parts of england and wales. this weather front will gradually change things. for friday, rain across the northern part of the uk, still warm and sunny in the south—east of england. another area of low

so in a significant spirit has opened up once again in yemen southern separatists have broken a peace deal with the internationally recognized government. yes there's been jubilation on the streets of aden where the southern transitional council has claimed control of the regional capital since yemen's unification in 1915 geographical tensions with the south arguing the union favorite the north so let's take a closer look at the divisions after the 2 things began seizing major cities in 2014 southern separatists joined government forces in the saudi and iraqi coalition to fight against them and the u.a.e. funded the southern fighters to help retake the port city of aden and the internationally recognized government. as reinstill but in 2017 amid anger against the government the southern transitional council was set up and it called for a return to an independent south and last year battles broke out between saudi backed government forces and the u.a.e. supported saw the movement both parties signed a power sharing agreement last november in riyadh and yemen's foreign minister says thi

women opposed the southern emancipation. -- why white southern women opposed southern emancipation. he believed it was tied to a lifetime of indoctrination reared under the saddle of the peculiar institution. quote incessantly plate -- praised and defended unquote. partially everywhere these women went by virtually everyone a new and in most publications they read. their consciences were thus easily perverted, redpath argued, or never afterward appealed to. with the result that they saw no reason to change their views. redpath assumed white southern women did not know legal slavery as it is because their society shielded them from the institution horrific realities. insulated by southern patriarchs he argued white women seldom saw slavery's most obnoxious features and they never attend auctions, never witness what were called examinations. the need ever saw grows last. more profoundly they did not know that the interstate trade in slaves was a gigantic commerce. only onemen revealed view of slavery redpath surmised, and if the women of the south knew slavery as it is he suggested th

philippines and stosh it's important to remember that sulu is the most militarized area in the southern philippines it's home to several armed groups including this particular group whose leader has already pledged allegiance to isis a few years ago what this exposed though is the vulnerability of the philippine military at this point it is leading basically operations to help fight this pandemic here in metro manila in the whole entire region of luzon but it also shows that it still continues to face battle and wars and so many fronts we're just not talking about the abu sayyaf it's also currently fighting the commune this insurgency now the declaration of the government of rescue operations and that that the. pursuit of those who are believed to be behind this attack is definitely ongoing we have been talking to officials on the ground where they said basically pursuit operations are well underway but what is expected though is the situation to basically meet become even more difficult in the coming days or weeks what we've seen in the past though when a situation like this happens th

andrew johnson, was the only senator from the southern states remained. he invites the president and that's why he was picked in large part. in a sprinkling of southerner congress members of the house, tennessee, here and there. if you. but a very small in number. so i'm a human the first and really only time in american history, congressman dominated by are deeply influenced and later dominated by radicals pretty in new englanders. not coincidently. even many of those more from elsewhere. they were actually from new england. and it was intensely democratic atmosphere. in this was of new england. the heartland of abolition is lose him. and so on. so now congress was externally different than it had been before and as they implied, some of this legislation, was a homestead act and transcontinental railroad, had been bottled up. and i'm not going to digress into it but they just fought for years and years and years and years. very few expected the war to be what it became. almost no one. there were a few. but almost no one so the fact that it metastasized i

forces led by the southern transitional council, like the other vital infrastructures here.llion and warned of catastrophic repercussions. this latest confrontation only adds to yemen's problems. it's already locked in a bitter civil war between government forces backed by saudi arabia and houthi rebels, who are backed by iran, a war lasting five years, that's killed tens of thousands of civilians and pushed millions to the brink of starvation. the stc claim to have taken control of the southern port city of aden, a vital piece of territory in the government's fight against the houthis, who control much of the country's north, including the capital, sanaa. the stc had been fighting alongside government forces in the war against the houthis. this act against the government is a blow for the coalition and its saudi backers. the transitional council get their international support from saudi arabia's neighbour, the united arab emirates. the stc believe the south of the country should be an independent state and say their former allies in the government have conspired against th

nathanael greene's southern campaign was the most difficult of the war. with supply line stretching hundreds of miles northward, it revealed much about the crucial military art of provision and transport. insufficient manpower, constant problem, greene intended to incorporate black regiments into his army, a plan rejected by the south carolina legislature. a bloody civil war between rebels and tories was working havoc on the south, forcing greene to address a vigilante terror and restore civilian government. between greene and thomas jefferson during the campaign showed that he was the devil by conflict between war and the rights of people on the question of how to -- under which a free society wages war. from the -- when the british evacuated charleston in the spring of 1792. greene and h is continental army entered the city in triumph. let me tell you about our speaker this evening. john buchanan is a native of new york, who grew up in new york, michigan and ohio. following his service in the army, mr. b cannon graduated from st. lawrence university wit

the southern army's -- most southern army's supplies had to come from the north. 18th century means and time, supplies on wagons, drawn by horses at a walk. one example, greene sent a request to the war in philadelphia, april 1781 for clothing for third continental platoons as theirs was in a state of, quote, decay. the clothing arrived five months later, 31 august at charlotte and by 10 september still had not reached colonel washington, and there was the ever present problem of supplies being hijacked on the way by local officials and mill iitia leader throughout the campaign, greene struggled mightily to supply his soldiers, spent an inorder nate amount of time on that problem with enough success to keep the army in the field. the importance of logistics is driven home by the fifth century spartan mercenary commander who wrote without supplies, neither a general nor a soldier is good for anything. 2500 years later, general omar bradley, generali eisenhower's said professionals discuss logistics. in addition to the terrible logistical situation that was political turmoil and the night

the greatest southern commander was robert e. lee and his, quote, most able general was stonewall jackson. when jackson died, it is said lee lost his right arm, which made it very difficult for him to hold his horses reins. you begin to get the idea. this is not high-brow comment, humor. in confederacy, most of the generals were named johnston. and with grant and lee behaved so gentlemanly toward each other, it was decided to call the conflict the civil war. armor's was not very sophisticated wit. but behind the sometimes juvenile plays on words, he did make a point or two about how naively americans would want to approach their civil war. pung waited by that, he advised anyone who read one book on the civil war could thereafter classify themselves as an expert. as i expect the other speakers today would attest from their own experience, the woods are still full of one-book experts today. they frequently ask you a question after you've given a lecture in which the question goes on longer than your damned lecture. to say that over

forces that by the southern transitional. insole like the other vital infrastructure in the city they hope this will be a real breakthrough that will be repeated in all the other liberated southern regions of the council defying the internationally recognized government accusing it of being unable to cope with the coronavirus pandemic and failing to improve the lives of yemenis this is actually a dial up. mis management misgovernance in actually in south yemen less 2 ideas he she is right now compelled to take action to their own ends while still calling for a cease fire calling for deescalation in all fronts we want things to go smoothly or things you want to be able to deliver aid services are going to be able to battle this. but the government warns the move could have catastrophic consequences describing it as a resumption of an armed insurgency. it's yet another complicating factor in yemen's 5 yes civil war which is being mocked by shifting sometimes shadowy allegiances. facade and safer to still backed by the united ar

but the wind is particularly brisk for eastern and southern coasts. gusts of 50 mph for the channel islands. look at the temperatures, aberdeen, newcastle, 7 degrees. plymouth, a high of 14. as we move through monday night, as this area of high pressure builds strongly across the british isles, notice the blue colours developing on the chart. with light winds it'll get cold, quite a widespread frost for tuesday morning. worth bearing in mind if you have been gardening. it does turn warmer later in the week. hello. this is bbc news. i'm martine croxall. the headlines: the uk home secretary acknowledges criticism, after doctors warn they're still not getting the protective equipment they need to treat patients with coronavirus. i'm sorry if people feel that there have been failings. i will be very, very clear about that. but at the same time, we are in an unprecedented global health pandemic right now. the number of people who've died with coronavirus in the uk has gone up by 917 since yesterday. for the first time, the queen has recorded an easter mess

toral and then southern germany. and there's the fleet moving to england. $550.00 tons of food from italy destined for german markets pasta canned tomatoes rice and red wine waiting to be loaded onto trucks. meanwhile the paper book pfizer is planning his next run this time 25 tons of grain from bavaria direction right back to northern italy. accompanying him on his journey back into the virus hotspot the fear that he too could soon be infected. well the world's biggest religions for them in the coming days there are usually filled with celebrations but christians you know are marking easter and and jews passover for muslims the fasting period of ramadan begins later this month but the need for social distancing means religious leaders have scaled back or canceled many traditional public festivals and celebrations have a look. i'm easter at the vatican this is what catholics around the world expect every year. tens of thousands pacts and peter's square as pope francis addresses the faithful. but what will it look lik

in the southern city of sybil the annual fair isn't happening but that hasn't stopped them celebrating with people dancing traditionally. beyond assuming vocalise and generally enjoying the chance to let the. city council mabel be vented september is considered planning to recover the tos of industry. who right now there's a coup to be seen in spain as people take stock of how many leaves the crisis has already taken. and the disease. well now the world health organization appears to have reversed its position on whether a recovered corona virus patient will develop immunity to the illness and on saturday the u.n. health agency said there was no evidence someone would be protected from a 2nd infection it's now clarified those comments saying most people will develop some level of protection although it's unclear to what degree and how long it will last china now says there are no remaining coronavirus patients and hospitals in the city of will hand where the disease is believed to have originated late last year it's reported no new deaths now for the 11th straight day but questions rem

england, central and southern england, south wales, slowly pushing north and east.developing. ahead of it, at good deal of sunshine, particularly in the west. cool and cloudy for the north—east of england and scotland with the wind off the cold north sea. best of the sunshine, up to 16, i7. sea. best of the sunshine, up to 16, 17. this evening, the band of rain starting to fizzle out. behind, heavy, thundery showers pushing up from france, northern extent probably the mittens by the end of the night, north wales, may be east anglia. further north, namely dry, clearer skies in the west, a touch of frost in rural parts of scotland. still showers and cloud in much of southern central england and wales and thunderstorms working north and fizzling out. ahead of this, lots of sunshine in much of scotland, northern ireland, north—eastern england tomorrow, and spells of sunshine developing for southern coastal counties in the afternoon. eventually showers fizzling out tomorrow evening. a few sharp ones still for a time. sunday, second half of the weekend, area of high press

he was a pennsylvanian, he was a northerner, but with southern sympathies and southern connections andeclared the union had been saved and having won election, he then manipulated the courts, he lobbied the supreme court for what is now known as the dread scott decision, declaring that african-americans were not citizens, and that the declaration of independence in the part where it said all men are created equal, did not actually mean that. an effort to codify slavery for all time. but something happened. i told you about that demographic change in america, that the northern states were more populous and than the southern states, that an effort had been made to win the presidency with northern votes alone which fell narrowly short in 1856. four years later, republicans tried it again with a candidate named abraham lincoln who had campaigned for john charles fremont in 1856, by the way, they succeeded. the south then did follow through on its threat to destroy the system. they seceded from the union and fired the first shot in the civil war. but at the end of that war, shortly after th

see now, look at southern alabama. so we know this is occupied by native peoples but already white people are taking black people into that area. so here's the thing to understand about all of this. is that even while the laws that lindsay is telling us about are being framed. white people are not waiting. they're pushing. they're infiltrating lands owned by native peoples and they are taking slavery with them wherever they go. so this is 1810 to 1820, what we're seeing here, this is the decade that embraces the war of 1812. this is when andrew jackson first surges into prominence, of course, by freeing new orleans but by taking millions and millions of acres of land from indigenous people as a result of that war. so some of the native people, ally with the british, or the spanish, as ways to protect themselves. when the americans win, what they find is that they are forced treaties, you heard about the treaty of dennis and rabbit creek. it's sort of a consequence of all this. you're seeing white people are still movin

southern border is closed and they have the ability to turn away people. enforcementbout efforts in the u.s. interior? have those efforts been curtailed? guest: the immigrations and customs enforcement has stated they have redirected their efforts to focus on individuals who pose a public safety threat. they did walk back statements stating that this is not mean that now there is going to be groups of immigrants who are not going to be targeted during these immigration enforcement efforts. they are going to reship their efforts, but a lot of democratic lawmakers say they have seen reports that there still conducting enforcement efforts and putting a lot of people in jeopardy of being exposed to coronavirus, and even their own staff. host: camila dechalus is our guest. topic your calls on this as well. phone lines split up regionally. if you are in the central time zone it is (202) 748-8000. zone,e mountain time (202) 748-8001. camila dechalus, on the dt aspect, we have heard about -- of statestates trying to limit the number of people behind bars. theses h