about 10 times faster than any natural process. >> to understand the future of the climate of southern africa, engelbrecht runs a regional climate model using the biggest computers in africa. the evidence suggests that southern africa will experience double the average annual global rise in temperature. >> even if the world is successful in restraining the global rising temperature to two degrees celsius, then it still means a 4-degree temperature increase for the southern african region. [ticking] >> this type of dramatic change has huge food security implications for southern africa. higher regional temperatures mean growing seasons are shifting, and rains are becoming more unpredictable. it's one way the regional climate is becoming more like the namib desert. at gobabeb, the climate is so variable that some years, it does not rain at all. >> we need to find ways in which we are going to adapt to those changes and be able to survive, and we need to do that wisely because otherwise, we just won't make it. >> we have to look towards planning, and one of the things we've been very involved in

," today on "earth focus pioneering renewable energy in southern africa. people in technologies reshaping africa's energy future, coming up on "earth focus." africa is a continent in transition. while some african countries are experiencing an oil and gas boom, half of africa's population continue to live on less than $1.25 a day. most of the poor lack in, and also access to affordable and reliable sources of energy. without electricity, students cannot study when the sun goes down, clinics cannot refrigerated vaccines, and businesses shut their doors. the cycle of poverty continues. but africa's sun, wind, and water resources make it ideal for renewable energy development, and entrepreneurs and businesses are quickly catching on. correspondent jeff barbee travels through four countries in southern africa to explore emerging renewable technologies that may be more sustainable than fossil fuels and that are already helping to alleviate poverty while protecting the environment. forotswana is best known diamonds, a big game, sunshine, and desert. 80% of the p

our planet's history, but let me show you another rock -- also 3 1/2 billion years old -- from southern africa. and this rock looks very different. you can see here, it's bright red, and it turns out the bright red is iron oxides. and in general, this kind of banded, iron-rich rock is called iron formation. narrator: these banded iron formations, found all over the world, are further clues to the early history of oxygen. dating as far back as 3.5 billion years, they stopped forming approximately 1.8 billion years ago. continually entering the ocean through geothermal vents, iron remains dissolved until it comes into contact with oxygen. the banding of iron formations on this rock indicate that there was an iron-rich ocean with little or no dissolved oxygen and that, at some point, a pulse of oxygen became available, oxidizing the iron and causing it to settle out of solution. this kind of rock could not, in principle, form in today's oceans because you can only transport iron through oceans when there is no oxygen. very likely, what caused this iron to change its chemical state and drop out of

our planet's history, but let me show you another rock -- also 3 1/2 billion years old -- from southern africa. and this rock looks very different. you can see here it's bright red, and it turns out the bright red is iron oxides. and in general, this kind of banded, iron-rich rock is called iron formation. narrator: these banded iron formations found all over the world are further clues to the early history of oxygen. dating as far back as 3.5 billion years they stopped forming approximately 1.8 billion years ago. continually entering the ocean through geothermal vents iron remains dissolved until it comes into contact with oxygen. the banding of iron formations on this rock indicate that there was an iron-rich ocean with little or no dissolved oxygen and that, at some point, a pulse of oxygen became available oxidizing the iron and causing it to settle out of solution. this kind of rock could not, in principle form in today's oceans because you can only transport iron through oceans when there is no oxygen. very likely, what caused this iron to change its chemical state and drop out of soluti

the irony is that next year, he becomes the president of the regional southern africa groupings. >> hetill embodies a lot of people, even some african pride. those they kicked out -- it might be something we don't understand. >> that is the thing that is mind-boggling. this guy was a hero. now peoplere starving. >> there has been a remarkable turnaround. you have people unemployed that our tobacco farmers. there is genuine agricultural progress. zimbabwe, with a little bit of capital, would be ruined. the stories i have been told, infrastructure is great. a little bit of investment. >> it will get to where it needs to go. >> of course not. >> before we go, the edward snowden saga that we thought was between the americans and washington. sunday night came the nine hour detention at heathrow airport of david maranda in transit from germany to rio for you is with his partner, the guardian columnist writing up the leaks. he is suing for abuse of the 2000 and two care a lot. scotland yard issuing a statement claiming material from the confiscated computer was highly sensitive and could put

as we reported last march, two wildlife filmmakers in botswana in southern africa have found a way toclose to crocs in the murky water of the okavango delta. the images they've captured are some of the most remarkable wildlife scenes we've ever seen. the okavango delta has been called one of the last edens on earth. the hundreds of miles of winding waterways and untouched islands are home to some of africa's most exotic and enchanting wildlife. it's also home to tens of thousands of nile crocodiles. for the last five years, brad bestelink and his wife andy crawford have been risking their lives filming these man-eaters in the most daring way imaginable-- following the crocodiles into their underwater lairs. it is a dark and foreboding world down there. visibility is sometimes only a few feet, and you can't even see the crocodiles until you catch a glimpse of their long rows of razor sharp white teeth. how did you know you could do this? >> brad bestelink: we were next to a ledge, and this crocodile swam out and actually swam between us and then settled on the ground next to us. ( laug

southern africa is famed for its rhinoceros.ant to meet the huge creatures face-to-face, you better bring an expert who knows when to stand still and when to run like crazy, like this cheetah, at 70 miles per hour. 300 miles north of durban, south africa, the expansive plains abound in wildlife. at the phinda game reserve, deep in zulu country, i met up with game ranger mark tenant, my guide for the day. >> good day, jack! >> how are you? >> well, and yourself? >> whew! my legs are shaking. >> did you see the rhino at the end of the strip? >> mark promised me an even closer look at phinda's rhinos after a quick history lesson. >> conservation corporation have bought up all this land and they've turned it back to its original shape that it occurred thousands of years ago, and they've reintroduced all the animals that would have occurred here. >> rhinos were brought in from a nearby wildlife park and are now some of phinda's biggest attractions. at more than 2,000 pounds each, they can be deadly if provoked. as we approached, i wa

there is a big player in the african union and in the southern african community. south africa, because it has a long border with zimbabwe, it has always been very cautious. the analyst i spoke to said that south africa has acted as a kind of break on formulating language which would otherwise have been stronger. >> the first official figures for the parliamentary poll in zimbabwe, they have 2/3 of a majority. a 20% rate in the first round, the prime minister, having failed to secure an outright majority, they will face the runner up. the election is the first since the military coup and sparks the political and territorial process. >> a fresh start or a return to turmoil. they have the results from their presidential elections. the prime minister is known with 40% of the votes but failed to get an outright majority. he is still ahead of his main rival that did manage to push past 20%. claiming abuses of the polls. >> the lawyers have revealed a lot of irregularities. it will make our candidates for better, but no matter what, a second round is absolutely necessary. >> a second

you have more down into southern parts of africa. if you add on the other airlines going up to the gulp again back up to europe you start to see that these are not just airports. i give you the simple statistic that says kenya and nairobi has three, four million international passengers. it's only raknked 140th into the world. you think so what when you put sbiet it into the context of the cross roads of african transports for passengers and fresh fruits and flowers you realize that as a hub it's significant but kenya airways is significant and particularly since it will not be easy just to get that international traffic, the airport, the immigration, the customs hold up and running. they will not be able to build it. you'll take a cargo center or something like that and turning that into a new immigration hole. >> that will take a long time. >> thanks so much. there's only one runway there. everything will be funneled in like that. richard quest was saying you'll have major disruption. you have to build the thing again. >> i spent a

i saw a group of black women in southern africa carrying signs saying one man, one vote.arch on washington speech, i said something like one man, one vote is the african cry. the kennedy administration took the position that if a person he should beion -- considered illiterate -- literate and allowed to vote. we took the position that the only qualification for being registered to vote in our country, especially in the south, should be that of age and residency. people, one man, one vote. so you tell us to wait. you tell us to be patient. we cannot wait. we cannot be patient. we want our freedom and we want it now. we have prepared a speech that represented the feeling and the attitude of the people that we were working with, but also the theg people that made up student nonviolent coordinating committee. at one point, i said, listen, mr. president, listen members of congress. you are trying to take the revolution out of the streets. i went on and on in this speech and said, we are involved in a serious revolution. they wanted me to drop referenced revolution and mr. rend

i saw a group of black women in southern africa carrying signs saying one man, one vote. march on washington speech, i said something like one man, one vote is the african cry. the kennedy administration took the position that if a person had an education -- he should be considered literate and allowed to vote. we took the position that the only qualification for being registered to vote in our country, especially in the south, should be that of age and residency. many people, one man, one vote. so you tell us to wait. you tell us to be patient. we cannot wait. we cannot be patient. we want our freedom and we want it now. we have prepared a speech that represented the feeling and the attitude of the people that we were working with, but also the young people that made up the student nonviolent coordinating committee. at one point, i said, listen, mr. president, listen members of congress. you are trying to take the revolution out of the streets. i went on and on in this speech and said, we are involved in a serious revolution. they wanted me to drop referenced revolution

during the first half of the year around 8,000 landed on the southern italian coast mainly from northern africa but the boats are cramped to bursting meaning ship wrecks are a regular occurrence. 40 are known to have died crossing to italy during the same periods but it is thought many go unreported. last month pope francis led mass in memory of the thousands who died trying to reach the shores. malian are gearing up for the second round of the election. an historic vote that is taking place after 18 months of chaos, first a coup and islamist insurgency then a war. thomas martinez terms us more about what is at stake. >> the second round of the election will be focus the on correct being the mistakes of the first round. the government and many civil societies in the country are focusing on explaining to voters the correct way to vote in an attempt to avoid the almost 400,000 void votes. tensions are troops and national guard and arms and military. enthusiasm is a little low due to conflicting campaign season which conflicted with a festival but they expect a smooth vote which should complete 18

>> well, about 50 years after the importation of slaves, a group of southern gentlemen made a bet they could go to africa and bring back some slaves. >> bring back african people to be sold into slavery. >> that's right. that's correct. they did this. >> wow. fifty years after the laws changed? >> after the law changed. >> it was just on a bet. we're going to bring some african people back and sell them into slavery. >> yeah. >> and they did it? >> they did it. >> they succeeded? >> yes. >> wow, how did they do it and why would they do something like that? >> they gathered men to help them on this ship. they gathered a bunch of men from anywhere to help them to go on this ship. they went overseas to get the avcaps. they grabbed them from their village and put them on the ship. >> wow. >> and brought them to america. >> oh, my god. how does that relate to your story of your families? >> about five years ago, i attended a family reunion, and i learned something. i found out that my great, great grandmother was on the ship. >> wow. >> the ship was called the clotilda and docked in my hometown of mobile, ala

of a reading a copy newspaper and i saw a group of black women in southern africa saying one man, one vote. something like "man -- one man, what one vote." the kennedy administration took the position that if a person they sixth-grade education should be considered literate and able to vote. were in thewho t community took the position that the only qualification for being able to vote was age and residence. speechrther down in the -- you tell us to wait. you tell us to be patient. we cannot wait. we cannot be patient. we want our freedom and we want it now. we had a speech that reflected the feeling and attitudes of the people we were working with, but also the people who made up the student nonviolent coordinating committee. at 1.i said, listen, mr. members, listen of congress -- you are trying to take this out of the street and put it in the courts. and i went on and on and on. dropwanted me to references to revolution. mr. randolph said there is nothing wrong with the use of the word "revolution." "i use my -- i use it myself sometimes." [laughter] party of jarvis, the liberal sen

march on washington, i was reading a copy of new york times, and i saw a group of black women in southern africaarrying signs. and those signs said one man, one vote. so in my march on washington speech, the proposed speech, i tried to say something like one man, one vote is the african cry. it is ours too. it must be ours. and then after the march on washington was over -- well, even before that. i was a student at fisk. we had a lot of african students. and they would tease us in the cafeteria in the student union. they had, they were saying something like the whole of africa will be free, and we can't even get a soda and a hamburger. that's what they were saying. and there was a slogan free by '63 because it was the 100th anniversary of the emancipation proclamation. free by '63. and harry belafonte made arrangement for 13 young people in he's to travel to -- in to travel to africa -- in mississippi to travel in africa. and we went to africa in september 1964 to guinea, west africa. and we stayed there. julian bond was on the trip, bob moses of the mississippi summer project and others as the

further in the bill -- i was reading a copy of a newspaper, and i saw a group of black women in southern africaying signs saying one man, one vote. so in my march on washington speech, i said something like one man, one vote is the african cry, it is ours too, it must be ours. the kennedy administration took the position that if a person had a sixth grade education, he should be considered illiterate and shouldn't be able to register to vote. those of us in the student nonviolent coordinating committee took the position that the only qualification for being able to register to vote in our country, especially in the american south, should that be of age and residence. and so many people in sncc started wearing those buttons, one man, one vote. and much further down in the speech i said you tell us to wait, you tell us to be patient. we cannot wait, we cannot be patient. we want our freedom, and we want it now. we had prepared a speech that represented the feeling and the attitudes of the people that we were working with, but also the young people that made up the student nonviolent coordinating

italy is a strategically located country with respect to northern africa and southern europe.have to maintain and continue to develop that relationship. thirdly, italy is such an amazing place. that peninsula last, you think about 2000 years, what has gone on in italy. they have delivered more to benefit civil is a -- civilization in the world. you go to the pan thee on in rome, look at amazing engineering and brilliance and genius that produced this. look at everything that has gone on in italy from the renaissance to art, this is an amazing place. the people who live there now on the italian peninsula, inherit this. they are, have a great opportunity made. what i would like to see as ambassadors to help get their economy going with our joint efforts on our trade agreements, create jobs, create demand, so italy feels very secure going into the future. i think they have a great future ahead. >> thank you. senator kaine? >> congratulations. >> congratulations. >> miss wesner, i think you did a fantastic job. thank you for being here and i know you will represent our country ver

southern pakistan. >> international flights have resumed from the main airport in nairobi after a devastating fire forced the airport to close. this is a vital international hub for africand beyond, handling 16,000 passengers per day. from nairobi, we have this report. morning after, the largest transportation hub was gutted by yesterday's fire. it is not clear how long it will take to fix. >> the damage is extensive. inside the area -- the mediation area and everything is burnt down. that will be required to be done just to refurbish this to being operational will be very huge. passengersprocessing for those flights as questions are asked about the speed of the emergency response. and the number of engines at the screen -- at the scene. toit is extremely difficult hold water from any position. >> for many passengers of this a frustrating wait. >> i believe they have been very overwhelmed, to try to accommodate everyone, but this is taking too long. >> my flight is supposed to be have nonight, but i idea and i may be here for a while. >> you are watching bbc world news america. still to come, looking back at the crime of the century. 50 years after the great train robbe

southern pakistan. >> international flights have resumed from the main airport in nairobi after a devastating fire forced the airport to close. this is a vital international hub for africa and beyond, handling 16,000 passengers per day. from nairobi, we have this report. morning after, the largest transportation hub was gutted by yesterday's fire. it is not clear how long it will take to fix. >> the damage is extensive. inside the area -- the mediation area and everything is burnt down. that will be required to be done just to refurbish this to being operational will be very huge. passengersprocessing for those flights as questions are asked about the speed of the emergency response. and the number of engines at the screen -- at the scene. toit is extremely difficult hold water from any position. >> for many passengers of this a frustrating wait. >> i believe they have been very overwhelmed, to try to accommodate everyone, but this is taking too long. >> my flight is supposed to be have nonight, but i idea and i may be here for a while. >> you are watching bbc world news america. still to come, looking back at the crime of the century. 50 years after the great train rob

africa. there are certainly miscalculation about what church hill called the soft underbelly of the southernt about it certainly in italy. and, you know, i think you argue that the war in italy in particular went on too long that it drew too much resource. my feeling is that the decision to invade north africa is quite defensible. >> host: were the american and the british throughout the war on the same page? >> guest: they were almost never on the same page. to one extent or another. you know, it's -- it's one of the mystery of the war how different national perspective and different values and different national interests can remain more or less in harness toward the ultimate goal of winning the war and defeating the third reich. you found, for example, just over the issue of where to invade initially the british favored north africa. none of the american favored north america with the exception of one guy that had a boat. that was frank lynn -- franklin roosevelt. it set the stage for strategic issues like that. and some extent tactical issue. it's a droibt men of good will, actually to b

southern spain are dealing with severe heat. what can you tell us? >> extreme heat still continues across much of the iberian peninsula due to the high pressure system sitting over northern africand pumping all the hot air. let me show you a picture coming from there from yesterday. residents and tourists in spain are warned to take care in the intense heat. hot air continues to flow in the iberian peninsula. authorities have issued heat alerts for 19 provinces in central and southern spain this week. temperatures soared over 40 degrees in some places on thursday. people are making good news of water fountains and using fans to cool themselves off. the hot weather was to peak today. however, it looks like this condition will be prevailing. this is from thursday. this is madrid at 36 degrees, but you can see how the humidity level is very low. for example, in morocco, 40 degrees but the humidity level below 10% t. this is a great recipe for wildfires. there are numerous wildfires raging in parts of the iberian peninsula. it won't be helping. the heat is not going anywhere. madrid soaring on saturday but sunday dropping down to the high 20s, which is good news. lisbon will look a

southern avenue, where owens was taken in custody. >>> stranded in a massive fire. nearly a dozen aid workers trapped in africa>> reporter: today, international flights did resume. puit still could take days for everyone to get home. >> a huge fire engulfed kenya's main airport on wednesday, forcing the suspension of international flights. several maryland aid workers were in all that chaos. >> they let us out on the tarmac. and basically, with only international terminal, which was completely in flames. >> katie price, an aid worker for catholic charities in baltimore, had just arrived. she was one of the passengers watching the fire grow. >> we just waited for hours and watched the airport up in flames. it was pretty incredible. incredible sight. the pilot announced that they learned the fuel line was underneath our plane, underneath the tarmac. so that they needed to move us right away. >> our heart skipped a beat, i'm sure. >> 23-year-old schneider's group was on the way to the nairobi airport when the fire broke out. jd's mom watched it all unfold back here in in maryland. >> my first thought was, who ble

africa last week. they do have home advantage for this return game, it was the biggest ever defeat, in the southern hemispherepetition. >> the weather is continuing to cause problems at golfs in new jersey. rain delays and then fading lightening many plays still haven't finished their second rounds. the first events of the fed ex playoffs are some overdue signs from rory mcilroy. he was five under, tiger woods he is also up there on five under, bad light stopping his efforts after 13 holes. matt kutcher on 10 under, but he does also have five second round holes to play. and there's been quite adipaterring of tennis talent in new york ahead of monday's u.s. open. two tennis world ranking system is celebrating it's 0th anniversary. and current and former world number one match up to celebrate. players are ranked by their popularity, now there's a more scientific point system in place. >> there's this big drive for waking up every morning and working so hard, in order to develop the skills of course to be number one in the world, and not many players have achieved that and to be able to sit with the fellow champ

africa. while the obama administration decides whether to reopen embassies, defense secretary chuck hagel ordered marines in the region on a higher state of alert, including several hundred in southern italy and spain and 1,500 marines on 3 navy warships will now also remain off the coast of yemen. anna? >> barbara starr, thank you. >>> ahead to two american embassies next and reports of correspondents on the ground. but first, in this week's "human factor" a doctor living with cystic fibrosis defies the odds and lives his dream. >> reporter: every day now chuck fox is beating the odds. >> when i was born, the average life expectancy for somebody with cystic fibrosis was 18 years old. currently, they estimate it to be 38 years old. last year i passed that threshold. >> reporter: when he was born, chuck's parents were determined to see him thrive but doctors warned he may not survive. >> i have to wear a mechanical vest every day to help keep my lungs clear and help me breathe. get hooked up to that. and it's basically like doing physical therapy for your chest and your lungs. >> reporter: like his parents, he didn't allow the skepticism he encountered to discourage the dreams of bec

africa and the middle east will reopen. the one however in yemen, that one will remain closed. >>> and fire crews slowly getting control of a massive wildfire in southern california. the fire covering some 25-square miles or about 16,000 acres. the fire is 40% contained. two dozen homes have been destroyed and hundreds others evacuated. >>> and the embattled mayor of san diego, bob filner, is leaving san diego earlier than expected. he was supposed to be in rehab for two weeks. but he's leaving therapy after five days and says he will continue as an outpatient. >>> a wild scene in boston on friday. a beer truck crashes and ends up dangling off of a highway overpass. crews had to clean up a diesel spill. they also had to offload the beer. the driver and a passenger in the beer truck, they were not hurt. exactly. >>> cheers and boos in the bronx friday night for alex rodriguez. the yankees slugger was playing his first home game since major league baseball announced its suspension for allegedly using performance-enhancing drugs. a suspension that a-rod is appealing. as he strolled to the plate for his much-anticipated return to yankee stadium, a-rod mana

southerners could do that because they controlled the outcome. what you would have as far as slavery is concerned is something not very much i would say different from apartheid in south africa. blacks wouldn't be free. they just wouldn't be slaves ignored. you wipe out the economic burden of slaves being capital and to replace it with a racial system of segregation, much stronger than what we actually saw, what we saw was enough to give you a clue of what would happen if southerners had their hands free to do anything. the one huge loser and a southern victory in the civil war would've been the african-americans. because even if they were freed slaves they wouldn't be able to go north. remember that, in fact, the way many, many african-americans got out from under the deal of segregation at the legacy of slaves, they went north. i don't think the united states would welcome them if it'd been in the context of a war that they lost to the south. >> why not? >> same reason we don't really welcome mexicans, latin americans. i think there are very strong racial aspects your that, i've always told my students, one of the things that made the expansion of slavery so disagreeable t