offices and soviet offices. i walked in the one guy and he asked me to come in and i hadn't had time i came in a couple hours later and i noticed on his desk very neatly piled was the whole pile of papers, all neatly stacked. and i kind of looked at him with my rudimentary knowledge of russian, press releases, ge the kitchen, a press release went out. hundreds of press releases. so he said i need your judgment, i have to figure out how many soviet people from the trade department will be here to service and help the americans who are coming over to buy. americans coming over to buy no, they were coming over to look. he had seen the lists in the press releases and they had no real good knowledge of it so i wanted to be as kind as i could, so i think he was think tg of 60 or 100, so i said well, you know it's new, brand, maybe 10 or 15. oh, really he said? >> if can say one quick thought that comes to mind. i think khrushchev had a difficult time understanding how we really lived until he came to america that fall

it made good soviet publicity. hit all the russian papers. but i thought of another thing, the soviets not too far away had a permanent exhibition of the -- >> huge exhibit. kind of like going through a small world's fair. and it was full of big permanent pavilions. each demonstrating something. how good the farms were, how good agriculture was, how good something industrial was. >> space. >> oh god, yes, so good, they were good on that. and they were. it was a big huge permanent exhibition you go through and spend like a day there looking at all this fun stuff and everybody knew, all the russians knew that this was all beautiful in the soviet exhibit, but it wasn't real. it hadn't happened. it was in the future. >> they had one of each. for that exhibition. >> it was never real. when khrushchev came and saw us, i really think he carried that thinking with him. like hey, this is a little house. nobody will have a house like this in america. a handful of people. people like this could have it, but the average american worker wouldn't have a ho

in fact, a very fine french soviets elegist or writer said that you could understand soviet history as the alternation between the era of war communism in which there was to repression and the knew economic policy in which the peasants were briefly allowed a measure of freedom, allowed to grow further and sell it at market prices, and the kind of relaxation that gave the society the ability to draw on its inner resources and saved it from collapse. well, that alternation between repression and liberalization could also be traced to the christian era where the apparatus of terror was dismantled. there was relative liberalization and the situation froze over again and finally there was liberalization under gorbachev, but toward jobs ambitions were such that he was not satisfied with the kind of limited change that might have been possible. he was fiercely resisted by the party apparatus, and in order to recruit the population on this side as, in fact, khrushchev had done before him with his lead to the exposure of stalin, gorbachev authorize the policy of glasnost, and as a result of the

movies of the soviets coming and invading america. so we americans were plenty propagandized. >> i don't know i agree with that. >> i don't agree with that at all. difference of information, george, and i know it well, i know what eisenhower wanted, set up the information agency only outward, he knew what hitler had done, turned inward, he never wanted that, he got smith, they put a bill in congress that only information from the united states government could go out of the country. and as a result, when kennedy was killed and usia made a beautiful film about kennedy to protect overseas, a great human cry that people wanted to see it in our theaters and congress had to pass a special dispensation, a law to let them do it. >> you're talking about official things. our newspapers and our television and our movies go back and look at those things now, you will see stuff that will curl your hair, there was plenty of stuff about how soviets wanted to invade us and ruin us. >> there was justification for this. look at eastern europe, central

the soviet collapse has also aggravated the single most awesome threat of modern times.he proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. these weapons and the ability to develop and deliver them are today acquired by middle income countries with modest populations, such as iraq, iran, libya and syria. required sometimes from other powers like china and north korea, but most ominously by a former soviet arsenal or unemployed scientists or from organized criminal rings, all by way of a growing international black market. according to stephen hadley, formerly president bush's assistant secretary for international security policy, and i quote, by the end of the decade, we could see over 20 countries with ballistic missiles. nine with nuclear weapons, ten with biological weapons and up to 30 with chemical weapons. according to other official united states sources, all of northeast asia, southeast asia, much of the pacific and most of russia could soon be threatened by the latest north korean missiles. once they are available in the middle east and north africa, be within targe

take the old soviet union. military power, communist ideology and economic integration were centripetal forces that helped hold the union together. but they were weak, and when the centralized economy proved bankrupt, centrifugal-- or devolutionary-- forces proved stronger. different languages, religions and large distances helped these areas spin away, as in a centrifuge. the new central asian republics joined the slavic countries in the southern caucasus to form the commonwealth of independent states. but the north caucasus remained within russia itself, despite a bloody resistance that goes back to the 19th century. geographer ronald wixman. wixman: when the czarist government came into the caucasus, they committed unspeakable brutalities. the russians literally had to commit genocide, but they couldn't get the people to simply accept russian rule. the leader of the greatest revolt is shamil-- shamil the avar. he unified the entire north caucasus-- which included chechens, who were dagestanis at the time-- a

narrator: at the end of the soviet era, a typical st. petersburg family paid five to ten percent of their total income for housing. today the average is 40% to 50%. incomes have risen, too, but not as rapidly, so the net eecis that housing fomost people is more expensive than before privatization. the new apartments that are being constructed by private developers cost at least $1,000 a square meter, so a new apartment the size of the gorunovs' might cost $,000. the only people who can afford this kind of price are the so-called new russians. ( speaking russian ) translator: the overwhelming majority of new homeowners are the so-called new russians, people who are in the trade sector that's developing dynamically. hardwick: they would tend to be the entrepreneurs, people that are in the travel and tourism industry. some of them used to work for intourist, perhaps. they probably speak english, german, other european languages. and so they, along with, of course, the criminal element that's unfortunately all too common throughout the world

soviet products of every description awaiting delivery.d areas of the non-communist world. teams of russian technicians are available to operate this mission. this is economic penetration pavering the way for political take over. that hand of soviet friendship which usually proceeds economic penetration, has been reaching into every part of the world which shows the slightest inclination to receive it. recently, we've seen it extend into our own hemisphere and to turbulent cuba where it was embraced as a triumph of soviet policy. a few statistics will demonstrate how serious this threat is becoming to the free world. >> 70% is devoted to the area of heavy industry. the u.s. and free world share of gross national product devoted to the same area is certainly not much more than 20%. in terms of volume applied to this area of gross national product, the soviet union is beginning to surge ahead. >> finally, the communist atrekked ideal logical penetration. perhaps their strongest efforts go into this penetration into the free world. >> before

the present masters of the soviet union have said to us, peaceful co-existence until we bury you.t our internment by catching up with us industrially and then surpassing us. they're working hard at it. today the 200 million inhas been tan tants state bend their backs and their talents to the will and sputnik and its successors have proved the uss proficiency in the area of technical ability. throughout the vast stretches of this empire, you find new industrial cities, plants, assembly lines, the most modern equipment. soviet products of every description awaiting delivery and reaching industrially backward areas of the noncommunist world. teams of russian technicians are available to operate this regime. this is economic penetration, paving the way for political takeover. the end of soviet friendship which usually precedes an attempt at economic penetration has been reaching into every part of the road which shows the slightest to receive it. recently we've seen it extend into our own hemisphere into turbulent cuba where it was embraced as a triumph of soviet policy. a few statist

if you went to the soviet union. only pepsi there until 15 years later. i saw don kendall at the russian embassy last week, 90 years old now, former chairman but still heavily involved in russia, and he told me that pepsi now has from that beginning employs 30,000 people in russia, been expanding. >> they do vodka, too. >> that is how they get paid.pi please. tanya, tell us how you ended up meeting pat nixon. >> again, this was not planned, i was just working in front of the house, and all of a sudden she came up with a group, small group and came up and wanted to see things and she was delightful. very very pleasant person. it was very nice to talk with her, it was easy, very nice, simple person, not complicated, not stand offish, i remember her distinctly as being very pleasant and the crowds liked her. stayed for a little while then

the manager of the soviet on the soviet side, was there to help us, came until to me, very agitated one day and he said come over here. and i came to the top we could look down he pointed to you. and he said "she has to go home" and i said what are you talking about? she is not american. i mean she is american as i am. no, she speaks russian like me without an accent. >> oh my god. >> i said of course, her mother was born here, and they spoke russian at home. you had told me that. but i never told you that. he just threw up his hands. >> thank you for keeping me there. >> before i show you the next photo i want you to know nobody has paid product placement. could we see the next photo, please? george, how -- >> you haven't changed a bit, george. >> my russian was so atrocious i won't bore you with that. with your liberty i want to put things in broader perspective from the first. first of all, this was such a sensation in moscow that i subsequently went on to study at moscow university and i met a dozen people who either climbed the wall, the fence or went under the fence. these were fr

now sleeps under a soviet moon. we tried to counter just a few months later in december with vanguard and it blew up after a four-foot lift off the pad. we remember some of those pictures very, very well. so, with that background enter the manned program. as tensions were brought to a new level, lines were drawn and the space race was under way. the media concentrated mainly on the race aspects of it. i owls thought that it was something that after people had looked up for tens of thousands of years and wondered what was up there, it was something that once we developed the capability to do this, it would have happened some time anyway but the impa teetus for it back at time was certain lit space race. now we had the ability to learn though and it was going to be a great, great value, space race or not. president kennedy was looked at as the space president, still is because of his decision to send people to the moon. but i think many have overlooked some of the role that -- part of the role that president eisenhowe

is it possible that the soviets don't have them? and then no answer, no answer. and then a week later -- >> forklifts. >> huh? >> go ahead. >> a week later a state department courier brings us -- we had one of the first polaroid cameras. there it was. a parade of forklifts and the soviets put on a parade. >> jason, let's look at what one of the forklifts built. so were the goals to introduce soviet citizens to daily american life or the american goods? >> no. it was that. i believe that was khrushchev's aim. i can talk about that later. to do that so that he could take more of the -- of the defense budget and put it into consumer goods. we wanted to show them what america was, so there was a really broad picture. you help me, both of you, if i forget some of the things. you'll remember. the pavilion there was the fashion pavilion. and we had a fashion show with -- with little kids and grandmas and everybody. we had a mock wedding. >> we had some beautiful things there. in that geodesic home we had the family of man exhibit, stunning. .been in brussels i think if

and the soviet union, accused the u.s., and he was pushed off the podium. when the sugar quota problem, when president eisenhower limited or took away the sugar quota, this was out of castro pushing and pushing, that is when he formally had an agreement with the soviets. then it was not until april 1961 that he formally declared himself a [inaudible] . by that time it was so obvious. >> you came when you were six years old. your dad ended up working in mexico, and then it you got your education there. at what point did you become a u.s. citizen or how did that work? >> u.s. citizenship is quite a story, because for us it was quite easy. we spent two years in miami, three years in new york, and we became citizens in new york before moving to mexico. i remember the judge in the brooklyn courthouse saying you have more of a right that those who have been born here, because you chose to come here. it was all part of this welcoming attitude. so when we went to mexico we were u.s. citizens. >> got your education there. teamed up with kellogg down their driving an

that john glen and nasa laid the ground work for what would eventually become, the defeat of the soviet union in the space race eventually putting man on to the moon it was a time of the cold war american ambition to beat the soviets, and embrace the space program was greater than it is today over the weekend surviving members of the mercury team accompanied john glen and scott carpenter the only still living original 7 astronauts out to the old

unlike the soviets or even like putin it's an intelligent government. it's more sophisticated. it's more skillful and very important economically successful. it creates a greater degree of stability and also continuity and also capacity to resist the process of change. >> host: let's talk about that a little bit because you do make a point of contrasting a rising china with the two major powers in the 20th century that she say got caught up in the dilution about how powerful they were. one was not the journey and the otherwise the soviet union. >> guest: excuse me for internet team. there was a third was deluded itself, but equally wrongheaded way. that is to say the united states proclaimed for the 20 years. the entire 21st century of sars. george w. bush was saying that i'm a match that with unilateralist and that became soft start to himself isolating. >> host: but china, okay, fine. they seem to be cautious in their strategic approach to the economic rise. but isn't it natural, particularly when you have the rapid rise of the power that the hubris self-delusions that fan, p

the first time was one of the greatest soviet players of all time but it sounded a yoko show recalled a conversation with canadian idol feel as busy that took place after one of the games in one thousand nine hundred seventy two for that matter as positano told me i couldn't much bigger money in the n.h.l. but i said look felt i have a better offer for you come over to the soviet league you'll play for one of moscow's clubs and they'll give you a one bedroom apartment in the capital it's really worth it i wonder why you didn't come here. to celebrate sion of the summit series and the verse three continued in settling with the real game that peak of soviet and russian stars including two heroes from those nine hundred seventy two games. of two can a barely less degraded all stars team with the greatest busy coaching from the bench the stars of the past may have got older and lost their speed. they sure their skills are still there is there is forward dave mcelwain opening in stan was going to be together we were one nil down after the first period and quite a serious conversation in th

but i said look felt i have a better offer for you come over to the soviet league you'll play for one of moscow's clubs and they'll give you a one bedroom apartment in the capital it's really worth it i wonder why you didn't come here. to celebrate sion of the summit series and the verse three continued and settling with a real game that peak of soviet and russian stars including two heroes from those nine hundred seventy two games. of two can a barely less degraded all stars team with a great isp azita coaching from the bench the stars of the past may have got older and lost their speed by. they sure their skills are still there is there is forward dave mcelwain opening stand was going to be doing what we were one nil down after the first period and had quite a serious conversation in the locker room so we made some changes in the line and this gave the team a huge boost i want to get as a result it was goals google for russia at the start of the second period i but the visitors weren't giving out that easily. although this individual piece of genius by. i and had treat by the russia

there are you concerned with on us it is necessary because we have a country who came from the soviet union system and not. come to the new one we are in the middle and if you want to go in the wind somebody you have to see what the hell you are you make the invitation for what he said in the future in a new world all the rich people will be how it's a punish because they are not so good and you are simple people workers the collective farmers you will be together with me will give some hints of this people that is the it's a propaganda nothing else lot of it thank you thank you sean thank you letter and just to remind you that my guests on the show today were journalist and filmmaker sean ramsay and filmmaker and journalist politician and businessman of lattimer symantec thanks was a pleasure talking to you in just a reminder that spotlight will be back with more first time comments on was going on and outside russia until then stay on russia today and take a bite.

than any soviet that i had known.e correct. >> when bush decide to do run for president he used television advertising to sharpen his image. >> i was responsible for doing the ads. he had a great sense of humor. he would say how are you going to help me be president? i am already vice president. you want to be president you can't do it without me. >> living in reagan's shadow for 8 years had hit's drawbacks. >> for news week to say he was the one was devastating. the men in the pacific i fought with didn't believe that. i don't think the american people would believe it either. >> there are a lot of great stories in politics about the underdog winning and this is going to be one of them. >> in 1988 republican national convention george bush did something he was unaccustomed to doing, he talked about himself. >> for 7 and a half years i helped the president induct the most difficult job on earth. >> it was important he hit a home run with his speech. he did hit a home run with it. >> another part of his speech would co

and soviets to two sites. this ultimately went away, as harold said, 30 years later under the bush administration. there is a clause and prenational interest clause which permits either side to withdraw after sufficient notice. we did that. we didn't illegally abrogate the treaty, we legally with drew. but it led to increased tensions with the russians. and when -- now i'll skip further. sdi under reagan which was a huge effort that was proven to be tech logically infeesable. there was a shift under george h.w. bush and more so under clinton where i served as arms control negotiators on theater missile defense. we can talk more about that if you like, what happened and why it wasn't a lot of progress with the russians on that. when president obama came into office he requested a review of the entire program. the politics, the policy, the technical capabilities, future plans, and we were also under con strastraints because congre basically mandated that the administration provide them with a report on our appro

it is the 20th anniversary of the soviet union, the end of the soviet union. many people in russia blame him for the economic conditions in which they live. they blame him for the end of the country that many felt was the cradle to grave welfare state instead of a totalitarian system. i have great respect for him. you can also see people's weaknesses. you talked about all salvador. what about the priests and nuns? to me, that is the people power in that situation. flm was a revolutionary force seeking power. the people power were trying to alleviate poverty, trying to find balance. >> liberation theology had a stronger effect on the underlying society. i have to read this. you are listening to the commonwealth of california radio program. our guest is katrina vander huegen editor and publisher of "the nation." i watched you on colbert. he asked you to repudiate the obama three times before the cock crows. [laughter] >> he said at the end that i filibustered him. >> he went after you. >> one of the bright lights in the bush era was when he spoke of the white ho

weeks later, he had his first sum wit soviet leader gorbachev.resident bush expressed his support for the parastrika, or the restructuring and other reforms. >> i wanted to do it on the ship. i was thinking back to the days when roosevelt did that kind of thick. wed went to their cruiser and they were going to come to our cruiser. well, the seas so rough, gorbachev wouldn't come to our ship. >> no agreements were signed, but they struck a cooperative tone that would leave some to say it would define the end of the cold war. and bush was on the verge of another foreign policy challenge, the removal of manuel noriega. >> there was an election in panama and he stole the election. interestingly enough, president carter was down there supervising the election and said, you know, it was a fraudulent election. so, we decided that we had to get rid of noriega. and we did use force. by the time that happened, the president had called all the leaders of latin america. it was the first military move the president made. >> his foreign policy team repeatedly

but i said look felt i have a better offer for you come over to the soviet league you'll play for oneof moscow's clubs and i'll give you a one bedroom apartment in the capital it's really worth it though i wonder why he didn't come to. the celebration of the summit series and the verse three continued settling with the real game that peak of soviet russian stars including two heroes from those nine hundred seventy two games and yet the shift to can a barely less degraded all stars team with the greatest busy coaching from the bench the stars of the past may have got older. and was their speed but they sure their skills are still there is there is food for the microwave opening stand for the new yorker. we were one nil down after the first period that quite a serious conversation in the local work pretty much so we made some changes on the line and this gave the truth. i want to go as a result it was goes google food russia at the start of the second period i but that is there's one giving out that easily i. although this individual piece of genius by the desert i. had treated like the

i mean that's why it was impossible the soldiers period right you couldn't open the doors in the soviet period you spent twenty years investing in these people and you had a closed system a closed the qana mean you couldn't just open the doors and say ok you want to go so you're taking our equivalent of i don't know how much is a great brain worth two hundred thousand five hundred thousand just take it and go and then who work in another economy can't do that well and he has. to protest to how much is like a pair of feet worse than if their feet feet from the bolshoi i mean. really i mean that's just common sense so obviously that's his job can he do it i wish him luck because i like this country much as far as my opinion a long time ago during the period of soviet era we had a very good system of education it was in my opinion one of the best but it was previous period and the new period has to have the new variance of education which will be much more convenience to the new used of economy definitely we need force and maybe he is not so good in this way because he didn't think about t

however soviet gerontologists failed to find a solution to a crucial call them the average age of soviet leaders before perestroika was around eighty doctors could help keep their kidneys and liver as an order their old brains were incapable of generating fresh ideas. of. the bad thing about the soviet union was that its ruling body the politburo consisted of people who had gone senile individually they were smart people in their younger days but when you have a group of eighty year olds getting together it's really not a productive thing. scientific fiction has already described cases of the brain living on after the bodies death another patient of professor doll's head a novel by the russian north alexander. has been screened many times he wrote it in st petersburg city where the institute of the human brain was opened some time later scientists there have developed methods of restoring functions of part of the brain after accidents or serious disease but so far they're unable to get the brain of an aging person to generate the sort of ideas they produced at a younger age twenty one ma

soviet union in the one nine hundred forty s. it jumped to today and last apparently thinks that russian government operatives or the russian government excuse me has operatives in the obama administration and that somehow i have links to them by virtue of being boarded russia that's all news to me but walsh says in this piece no boris videos need apply now even i know that i wear a doctor to go to the radar was born in moscow after all so not really sure what his point is and i'm trying really hard not to laugh at it basically wash believes i'm a communist propaganda spy government operative because i question the n.y.p.d. actions well then i guess that that makes us senator robert menendez newark mayor cory booker the muslim public affairs council the a.c.l.u. and over thirty other organizations doing the exact same thing calling for investigations in this case i make small propagandise two or maybe just spies to be honest or slightly confused considering his logic makes no sense at the end there so for being culturally offensi

sleeps under a soviet moon. and that's where the other three men we honor today come in. seven years after glenn circled the earth, neil armstrong, buzz aldrin and michael collins put to rest any doubts about the position of the united states in the world. the cold war was being fought in space and these men proved that the u.s. was winning. it wasn't easy. as president eisenhower stated at the outset, america's space program would be civilian rather than military led, so no one would doubt our intentions. this meant it would be conducted in the open so every hitch and hold up could be scrutinized. and this is just as it should have been. these missions spanning two democratic and two republican administrations showed not only the power of the four men we honor today, they showed the power of the collective efforts of the nation united in a common purpose. it took vision. it took will, it took leadership. it took guts. and it took the remarkable courage of john glenn, neil armstrong, buzz aldrin and michael collins. now they will tell you they're not heroes. don't listen

industry so to see the driving force for russian modernization again as it was in the soviet union i don't believe the army and their industry is in the capacity to do that but . something should be done because it should be much more effective and i think that for me no military industry will be as important for an ex-president as army reform was important for me to get james you mention of the macphail he you recently said something like i can personally guarantee that this missile shield will not be used he used against was something that i can give you guarantee do you think that maybe some find out word from the ambassador and maybe maybe surprise well i know on the russian side like to get things in writing but let's put it in context you know if i mean trucks you know we do away with where they want to get things in writing i can just remind you that when you started like well about ten years ago. they said we will never move nato closer to the russian borders this twenty years ago i think they said that and it was not put in writing what it was there were you know i didn't ke

legacy of the soviet era and build a new bridge to the e.u. even though the ukraine abolished the visa requirement, russia is holding fast to bureaucratic tradition. and europe does not seem willing to take the first step. the gulf between western europe and russia is especially apparent as we leave the bounds of the e.u. the doorway to bellaruse. we arrive at the border at 6:30 in the morning. there is a chilly silence as the boardy officials check our entry papers and another relic from an age the passenger cars have to be lifted on to a new undercriage. to the slow down invading armies the zaurs laid their tracks 10 cent meters wider than standard ones. it paid off during the second world war. even the machinery recalls days gone by. >> all of it looks the way it did in the soviet union. the locomotives and the trains are bigger and more cumbersome. you get the feeling that time has stood still. >> only a few passengers have come aboard on route. russian passengers do not ming welt rest. the chilly atmosphere puts a damp or the experience.