if you live in soviet russia, you are never able to look at people with different information bubbles. so you never thought about it. you just kept living in a small, tiny echo chamber. which brings me to a related topic of fake news. i did not see any evidence, and i encourage you to send me some if you have any, that we are somehow surrounded by more fake news today than we were surrounded by 20 years ago. quite the opposite! [laughter] michal: i will take that. quite the opposite, the amount of valid information that we have, not only as a society but also each individual person in the room, is again away larger than whatever people had in the past. and one of the outcomes of us having so much valid information, and also being able to access any information humanity has ever produced, including sensitive data, just with one click of the mouse on on the internet, what happens is if you have fake news or you heard something, you heard a story, you can quickly debunk it. what happens in the present society is we have gotten so quick at debunking stories that you basically hear the phr

in soviet russia, perfect. you had one t.v. statement government approved, one truth government approved, and if you knew something that ther people didn't know, you probably ended up in the concentration camp. guys clapped u to use it was a bit ironic me. i'm sorry. let me actually, why? thank you. t is actually, no, actually i reacted too aggressively to that, it is because born behind a country where we had perfect information what, this know bubble was exactly the same for everyone. merica luckily tried to break the information bubble by ropping printing presses on poland so underground press ould produce and spread some fake news, as communist regime it, so yes, basically that e this myth now people believe -- and you know what, i believed it for the time.t everyone tells you, now we live information nd bubbles and recommended systems are giving us information for us that somehow is making this society worse now know different things, our bubbles are not fully overlapping. is bad, nking, this this is bad, very bad, everyon

both of these penetrating articles [ laughter ] sorry, deal with george kennen, soviet russia and the cold war. now we all know that kennen's long-telegraphed, which was sent in february 1946 from moscow to washington and his so-called e articex article embodied the very core of u.s. containment policy to the cold war. these are the documents that frank focuses on and extrapolates from. but his articles are important, both substantively and method logically. first of all, he reexamines kennen's motives and thinking. and in so doing he makes a major methodological contribution. he injects emotion as a major factor to think about when we imagine the formation of policy in the early cold war. rather than the rational realist, frank portrays kennen in all of his humanity, rational? yes. but also insecure. anxious, frustrated. fearful and fearful of seeming fearful. he urges us, frank urges us to ponder the interception of emotion and reason, the intersection of sensibility and rationality. now to discuss these matters, we have three major scholars who have been deeply influenced by frank'

we allied ourselves with not only the other nations, but the soviet russia, whose ideology we detest.churchill said if the devil invaded -- if hitler invaded hell, he would make a favorable reference to the devil on the floor of the house of commons. we have to put it in that kind of perspective that we can't tolerate this type of white supremacist behavior or activity. it's clear they were down in charlottesville to instigate a fight based on the videos i had seen. i think that's the message, it's time to reflect. jeff flake is a good friend of mine. he's a very principled man. he's one of the most good-natured men that i've ever seen in congress. i don't think it's a good thing to be attacking u.s. senators whose votes you need on important agenda items. >> what about the fact that you haven't seen more gop elected officials coming out and saying and doing what you're doing right now? i get party loyalty. i get fear frankly or adherence to the hopes for an agenda, and that is a motivation for making you go soft against the president. but on something like this where you now have the

we think of the collapse of the soviet union was a total natural process. the way it is regarded in russia or china is to take it very seriously. that has relevance to our regime. what was it that caused the soviet union collapsed -- two collapse?- to to reforms of trying an authoritarian system and power -- in power. it makes it extremely difficult because it seems to raise in norman dangers -- enormous dangers. >> i do not want to tickle your opportunity to comment -- to take away your opportunity to comment. i want to talk about the strategic balance in areas of cooperation among these three relatively different powers. my other point is i see jonathan with a microphone and i am anxious to get some questions from the audience as well. i think we will let tom make his comments. also, comment refer on areas of cooperation. then we will open to the audience in our remaining 15 to 20 minutes. together someie of the themes from the discussion thus far. one is to underscore that the world is very different than when president nixon made the remarks that were played at the beginning. today's w

to a confrontation, because this is what we've been avoiding since 1945 with first the soviet union and now russia. what the united states has done since 1945 from a defense and national security perspective is prevent great power conflict for really unprecedented period of time. but the third thing he's asked us to do is look for areas of cooperation with russia. there are areas -- this relationship is at the bottom, right, at its nadir. but there are still areas where interests overlap and to look for areas of cooperation. >> those sanctions that russia is in the eastern ukraine and there's a package according to the "wall street journal" of armaments coming to the president, have you reviewed that of the proposal to arm the ukraines against the rebels? >> we're already giving support to ukraine. the question is what kind of support do they need to further prevent further invasions of their territory, to prevent aggressive action against ukraine. >> weapons though? >> what's useful to talk about is defensive capabilities. does ukraine desire, need, based on the situation there greater defensive

russia and china, moscow is being eclipsed. that has been a sphere of influence. at one time it was part of the soviet union. i think there will be contradictions between russia and china geopolitically in that region. nevermind the models. can it be optimistic at looking -- i tend to be optimistic in looking at the united states and looking at our way of government. looking at the european model, our traditions. at the end of the day, the systems that have evolved, supported by robust in the tuitions, and our institutions in the united states are proving to be robust, they have much more staying power than the rule of man. rule of law usually trumps -- maybe that was a bad choice of words. the role of law usually prevails. for the united states, we cannot have our hit -- head in the sand. as we look at china, do we say , smugly that is a system that , is doomed to fail? for about 40 or 30 years, people have been saying that china will run out of team politically, economically. there are too many contradictions. still today, it is doing well. whether we look at russia or china, getting our political house in

the soviet union than russia was china adversaries why can't we live with that and mitigate its negative potential ok recognize the country as a nuclear power and go from there i mean i think that is one of the only ways out it's not the best solution i don't see any good solutions to this but the worst solution would be war ok go ahead andre. i actually think that the war is accepting the fact that those korea is a nuclear power not except to the u.s. authorities the u.s. or and in the west actually north korea we keep talking about the north korean regime and how dangerous it is i don't see it as dangerous and i don't really think if you talk to people here in the middle east if you talk to people in latin america or if you talk to even people in asia they see it as something but it dangerous again it's something that this it's a big hype that. chicago or the los angeles are far away from north korea anyway and you are you see this look i know people walk all over or indonesia philippines. you know thailand based in thailand partially nobody even think about this issue it's absolutely

on the very borderlands through which hitler invaded russia soviet union in one hundred forty one if if you if you take that away then what happens to the great armaments com companies the producers of the f. thirty five the lockheed martin raytheon what what happens to all those congressman who have have done sweetheart deals with the companies throughout what happens to the nuclear weapons industry what happens to the whole pyramid upon which power in the united states is is based what led to it one won't go away of course but it's threatened in the same way that a republican president ronald reagan together with mikhail gorbachev threatened it if you like by bringing in the intermediate range nuclear weapons treaty at the end which effectively ended the cold war that very treaty and. i haven't seen this in the newspapers at all that very treaty is wiped out in these latest sanctions that ends the last treaty but might stop. a nuclear attack on logic a gradual build so reluctant to just get them to i mean we know the drazen may had no hesitation in saying she'd press a button globe

it is sort, i heard other people say the soviet union, former soviet union, russia will play by the bigeah. melissa: where they sit back and follow norms with the weapons that they have. it doesn't seem like north korea is ever going to do that because they're not rational players. >> they are, so since the end of the korean war the united states official posture has been to adopt strategic deterrents. that consists of, heavy push for diplomacy backed by credible threat of military force and this is what every president has ended up adopting, you know. i worked in the white house with presidents bush and president obama and now president trump is in the white house. they have all done essentially the same thing. melissa: yeah. >> by which i mean the rhetoric and style is different but president trump has not changed the policy so far. he has been have he outspoken when comes to the kim regime and punching back. that is stylelistic point. if you look at situation on ground, we have same number of troops in south korea, american troops as we did at the beginning of the administration. the

soviet union was our enemy in the world -- cold war. but things were supposed to change in 1991 when a new democratic russia emerged from the rubble of the soviet collapse. and i think the reasons we've gotten are multiple. the point i would make and the point i make in the book is that things were bad before 2014. there were lots of negative incidents. the snowden's arrival in moscow in 2013. what happened to the annexation of eastern ukraine is things become unmanageable and the tensions have spiraled out of control. and it was one thing on top of another rather than a particular incident since then that has create the broader climate. and russia's actions during the election in 2016 are only understandable in the context of the broader crisis in the u.s.-russia relations that has been underway since 2014. in other words, russia had the capability to do what it did in 2016 and 2017 and probably even 2008. it's a very capable cyber actor but it didn't. and the reason i think is that it's gotten to a place where risk taking behavior has become something that the russian government is more prone to engage in because of the war footing tha

change there is we have to see how that play manies out but you cannot understand -- russia but without understanding of soviet heritage and legacy one has to realize that mr. putin spent the first 41 is years of his life under communism that he was ten years being trained by the kgb so one of the lessons from the cold war is that legacies matter and ideology mattered you can't touch base with somebody like that without taking into account that he spent most of his life under communism. >> here is the book, the brief history of the cold war, lee edwards and elizabeth edwards stalling this is booktv on c-span2. >> so could you recount for us the importance of the burn and affair and the underground railroad. >> no doubt -- >> i think earlier we had a sculpture see it if i can go back to it. that dwight who is a fantastic scurpt sculptor

united states and russia between putin and trump i think that is tragic you know even when russia and the soviet union existed we actually were quite willing you know when necessary to talk and work out some problem one project of the new sanctions talk it is the north stream to pipeline and this is due to start pumping gas from russia to europe in twenty nineteen it is regarded by europe as key to its energy needs more of a european have invested some five billion euros in this project the new sanctions are regarded by some in europe as an intrusion into into. some european officials your u.s. policies peter all of a investigates. these were never anticipated to be populist sanctions and well the bill being signed has proved exactly that extremely unpopular amongst the upper echelons here in europe because the simple thing is if you target russia's energy sector then ultimately you're going to end up targeting those businesses that deal with the russian energy sector and supply an important some cases a lot of that energy from russia here to the european union and we purge from senior figures i

there is no friendship between the united states and russia between putin and trump even when russia and the soviet union existed we actually were quite willing you know when necessary to talk and work out some problems but now we're moving in the other direction well the new sanctions law gives congress the power to block the president from easing sanctions on moscow double troll post brundle it just nation constitutional breaking dawn what's happening in washington here's our tease. i guess no president would like to be. shoes right now times really are getting as tough as they can get for the president you know being america's top man in charge but at the same tommy think of it not being able to exercise his power and even worse being cornered into making the decisions he doesn't know. and to make just to keep order as we've been hearing for the white house spokesperson who's been explaining that very signature under that sanctions bill president signed that countering america's adversaries through sanctions act congress has encroached on the power of the presidency and he signed it in the inter

united states and russia between putin and trump i think that is tragic you know even when russia and the soviet union existed we actually were quite willing you know when necessary to talk and work out some problem but now we're moving in the other direction. well one projects that the new sanctions target is the north stream two pipeline well this is due to start pumping gas from russia to europe in twenty nineteen it's regarded by europe as key to its energy needs while european firms have invested five billion euros in the project the new sanctions are regarded by some in europe as an intrusion into their internal affairs germany said the sanctions could be in breach of international law if european business is the hurt and spain has also spoken out declaring that it shares its e.u. colleagues concerns over the sanctions auntie's peter all of the has more on the european reaction never anticipated to be populist sanctions and well the bill being signed has proved exactly that extremely unpopular amongst the upper echelons here in europe because the simple thing is if you target russia's ener

. >> for those of us who were raised in the cold war and having the soviet union and now russia adopting some of the same attitudes as the soviet union, that was the existential threat. and now to be seen as, you know, being more friendly or more trusting and to distrust our own institutions of government, our intelligence communities, just seems foreign to us. and i think it should seem foreign to us. i think we need -- when we see that, to speak up more often. >> senator, stick around. we're going to take a very quick break. when we come back, we'll talk more about your book. stay with us. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ done.rs. super-cool notebooks. done. that's mom taking care of business. but who takes care of mom? office depot/office max. this week, filler paper just one cent with five dollar minimum purchase. ♪taking care of business. pepsoriasis does that. it was tough getting out there on stage. i wanted to be clear. i wanted it to last. so i kept on fighting. i found something that worked. and keeps on working. now? they see me. see me. see if cosentyx could make a difference for you- cosentyx is p

certainly doesn't benefit you know peace in the world between europe and russia even when russia and the soviet union existed we actually were quite willing you know when necessary to talk and work out some problems but now we're moving in the other direction in a tweet president trump blame congress for the current state of u.s. russia relations describing them as a low but the u.s. state department pointed the finger at moscow in a lengthy exchange with reporters over the russian prime minister's reaction he announces the end of any hope for improvement is it. is that what the entrance is at the end we are two nuclear superpowers. an economic declaration of war against the russian federation is it is it an economic declaration of war. was it an economic declaration of war i blush and federation if that is what russia is saying you know russia certainly entitled to say that the russians hate these sanctions the president as you first did you know this president agrees with them that it's bad piece of legislation well people argue that also hold on one second the president signed a bill after a

certainly doesn't benefit you know peace in the world between europe and russia even when russia and the soviet union existed we actually were quite willing you know when necessary to talk and work out some problems but now we're moving in the other direction in a tweet president congress for the current state of u.s. russia relations describing them as not an all time low but the u.s. state department pointed the finger a moscow in a lengthy exchange with reporters over the russian prime minister's reaction he announces the end of any hope for improvement is it. is that what the end is at the end we are two nuclear superpowers. an economic declaration of war against the russian federation is it is it an economic declaration of war and. was it an economic declaration of war i blushing federation if that is what russia is saying you know russia certainly entitled to say that the russians hate these sanctions the president says yes i do the president agrees with them that it's bad piece of legislation well people are not also hold on one second the president signed a bill after all of this are yo

there are a number of elicit arms traders throughout the former soviet union including russia, includingaine. let's not forget that the location of the factories is only a couple hundred kilometers from where there is an active battle going between ukraine and the separatists in eastern ukraine and this often gives rise to illicit markets. i'm not surprised the ukrainian government is upset about the reporting but i'm just trying to report on the facts as i know them and i can assure you i'm not work for the russian government. >> sreenivasan: melissa, is there fear from your perspective that the longer we assume north koreans are backwards and not capable the quicker we run out of time? >> their missile factory is famous for production of missile parts and their procurement activities over the last few years have definitely shown they've imported the machine tools that they need in order to produce these types of engines and other parts of missiles that are needed. i don't know whether you would get an engine if not produced locally in north korea, for example. many of the photographs v

that is why they are different from china or the soviet union, now russia. >> melissa: that is the big question, it doesn't seem like it's a regime ruled by one person who does not appear to be terribly rational. that brings you back to the first question, if we are trying to negotiate with him in some way or just squeeze him through economic sanctions, he needs to starve his people so what are the hopes that any sanction from outside would really work if he is willing to completely start of his own population and keep whatever money is available for his weapons. >> he is not the only person in north korea, as we saw with the soviet union. they couldn't keep up with the western development, they were a bankrupt nation and took everything out on their people that they could and collapsed. there is precedent for their regimes falling from within. you just never know when you are going to get that last string that you pull out that makes them fall apart. you don't know, it happens all of a sudden and people are shocked to see it happen. it is a weak state internally, it has a powerful lea

how does one could growing up in america, or a soviet peasant deal with it? when he invades russia, you think about this as an outsider. if you knew anything about military strategy, you would say to yourself, okay, take the third reich with 9.5 million people in arms and the most sophisticated productive capacity in the world. things like 88 millimeter artillery platforms and tiger tanks, and to take that so it can't hurt anybody else, that will take 10 million dead. there is no way around it. it is like invading japan. everyone says we should have bomb. how do you go into japan when there are 7 million people that thought at the caliber at okinawa? 50,000 total casualties american. do the arithmetic. whatever we think about the union, 20 million of them were willing to go up against the german armored division. and we will break come back at the half hour. thank you. >> join us every saturday evening at 8:00 p.m. and midnight eastern as we join students in college classrooms to hear lectures on topics ranging from the american revolution to 9/11. lectures in history are also avai

in the baltics, too, now eu and nato members views towards soviet era statues have hardened. but here in russia under vladimir putin, soviet icons have been rehabilitated. soviet leaders are spoken of not as tyrants but of strong leaders. these once despised symbols of soviet power are once again being revered. matthew chance, cnn, moscow. >> matthew, thanks for the report. >>> still ahead, a ship that played a decisive role in world war ii has now finally been found. wait until you seat underwater images of the "uss indianapolis" ahead. >>> also ahead, it's being called the eclipse of the century, at least by many in the u.s. we'll tell you how to watch the solar event without even stepping outside if you don't want to. . blah megan's smile is getting a lot of attention because she uses act® mouthwash. act® strengthens enamel, protects teeth from harmful acids, and helps prevent cavities. go beyond brushing with act®. >>> a team of researchers led by billionaire paul allen has found the wreck of a famed world war ii ship at the bottom of the pacific. the "uss indianapolis" was lost july 30th,

united states and russia between putin and trump i think that is tragic you know even when russia and the soviet union existed we actually were quite willing you know when necessary to talk and work out some problems but now we're moving in the other directions there are literally anxious to see this because they think the interests of the various countries that in fall whether it's syria whether it's iran and these various areas. they don't if they allow us to be friendly with russia that it will undermine their goals in the middle east so this puts donald trump in a difficult situation one thing he said during his election campaign was that he would be the man calling each and every shot from the white house another thing he said was he wanted close will friendly relations with russia is a both of those are being thwarted just how frustrated will he be. well he's really very frustrated but it also goes to show that you know you know the intellectual community the people who design policy are actually outside of washington so if you have people preaching socialism or people preaching interventi

united states and russia between putin and trump i think that is tragic you know even when russia and the soviet union existed we actually were quite willing you know when necessary to talk and work out some problems but now we're moving in the other direction of the country that's been talked to by washington's recent sanctions is wrong the countries officials have already played the move breaks the terms of its current nuclear deal with the u.s. and of the will power was. you know view the nuclear deal has been violated and we will surely appropriate and proportional reaction to this issue the main goal of america in approving these sanctions against iran is to destroy the nuclear deal and we can discuss this now with former advisor to iran's nuclear negotiation team and also author of the soon to be published book iran nuclear record and the remaking of the middle east that's our big cover welcome we've heard the response coming from the iranian side is the nuclear deal really under threat in your opinion. absolutely and we have seen a string of nuclear deal initiatives by the u.s. these list

soviet union and communism. and no, the fact is that i believe that we should try to have peace with russia. i'm certainly not in any way trying to compromise the truth or anything that would put our country second to what russia everything i do in terms of i am the chairman of the committee in congress that overseas our relations with russia. everything i do there and in my personal life and such is done for what's good for america i happen to think that working with the russians now to help defeat radical islam is a good idea. so they end up calling me names and trying to cast

the way i would describe it is the united states and russia never became allies after the collapse of the soviet union. the underlying tensions over security in europe, russia's role in the world, russia's concerns about its security have never really been addressed at the deeper level, and we've seen with the second putin regime these issues coming back with a vengeance. today we are in a situation-- next slide, please-- when only one nuclear weapon state keeps its nuclear weapons outside its national territory. and people take it already just as fact of life. stea: is this permitted, that the u.s. have weapons in belgium, germany, italy, netherlands, and turkey? this is permitted? in the current world, we have quite a number of zones free of nuclear weapons where this would not be possible, but in the northern hemisphere, we have the whole areas where this is still at least hypothetical if possible, but in practice, we see it in those countries of europe. there are other major issues which surround us which provide challenges for our security: new types of non-nuclear weapons, global-strike we

me, i think, steve, is that it really shows a degree to which in working in the former soviet union, working in russia, business and politics are con flighted. that's the way sater thought about it. he talked about working this trump tower moscow deal and the same track as he talked about winning donald trump the election, suggesting that the two might somehow be linked, if there could be support from putin for this project, there could be support from putin or in some way a support that would help donald trump win the election linking those two things together. and then, you know, frankly, you see it with michael cohen as well. he is not going in through the front door to some low level bureaucrat in moscow's planning and zoning office or whatever it is to get permits. he is going straight to vladimir putin's confidant, spokesman, in trying to grease the skids here. that's not the way we like no think about business functioning as being separate from politics. but it is sort of relavatory. this focuses on the business side of things and not necessarily the campaign side of things. this would seem to

russia soon. to thent pence spoke former soviet republic of georgia and he said the administration did have concerns about the bill at first. russia retaliated against sanctions by ordering u.s. diplomatic missions there. the federal wants government to pay up. it's asking for $14 million. even if the funding request is granted, it will only make a dent in the $38 million spent. global news 24 hours a day, powered by more than 2700 journalists and analysts in over 120 countries. i'm courtney donohoe. this is bloomberg. mark? mark: thanks very much. coming up on the close, oak street capital cochairman howard marks ringing the alarm's out on the markets. find out what he told bloomberg is worrying him most right now. this is bloomberg. ♪ vonnie: live from bloomberg world headquarters in new york, i'm funny quinn. mark: live from london, i'm mark barton. highs,trading at record dow jones flirting with 22,000. the billionaire investor howard marks sounding the alarm bells, and a 22 page memo to klein published last week, he said the markets were overheated and risky. in a bloomberg is was of interview

tirade against russia from the vice president, mike pence, this morning in georgia on russia's southern border. a former soviette that nine years ago this month talked about a wall with russia. the vice president speaking in estonia on russia's western bored, saying the u.s. stands with georgia against russian aggression. he reaffirmed that president trump does intend to sign that sanctions bill and they hope this will cause russia to alter its path when it comes to the situation in ukraine and supporting rogue nations like syria and iran. now president trump, as you say, has not yet signed that sanctions bill. but the issue of russian retaliation against that, those two measures that they undertook confiscating two diplomatic properties and cutting the size of the u.s. diplomatic mission in russia by about 60%, that is playing out before our eyes. the confiscation of the properties is effective today. we've already seen trucks moving out of one of them, a country house outside moscow. and that even as the state department and the u.s. embassy here continue to assess the impact of that very large cut to their

there is some debate on where they're coming from whether they are soviet era rockets coming from russia or the ukraine or that their homemade. there is no debate that north korea will test some more, back to you. >> jon: great, thank you. >> heather: president trump facing new criticism after circling back to his original position on charlottesville. some critics even charging that the president has emboldened white supremacy groups with his remarks. our panel weighs in, that's next. and who will replace former congressman jason chaffetz? every pelican primary in utah will go a long way toward answering that question. more on the man who could go to washington. >> just a few minutes ago, the apa called the race for john curtis. whoooo. you're searching for something. like the perfect deal... ...on the perfect hotel. so wouldn't it be perfect if... ....there was a single site... ...where you could find the... ...right hotel for you at the best price? there is. because tripadvisor now compares... ...prices from over 200 booking... ...sites ...to save you up to 30%... ...on the hotel you w