will it be the warming between the united states and soviet union.he pumped $2 trillion into the military. it would have been a persuasive negotiating. the treaty calls for the dismantling of all russian missiles. the man who once called the soviet union the evil empire had done a turn around. early in his administration it was telling the country it could survive a nuclear war. hardly good news. >> what can we think about a yet so callusly and quickly commit a terrorist act. >>> when the russians shot down a korean air carrier, his statement would very scantily. who can forget reagan walking with the russian president. we saw these symbols throughout his time in office and carefully calculated moments designed to be reassuring as well as a spark to the country's collective sense of patriotism. we saw him in normandy. and now the curtain finally falls. >> we meant to change a nation and instead we changed the world. >> reporter: as he said, parting is such sweet sorrow. for him the sweet was returning to california and the sorrow leaving washington.

enabled the soviet union to go from being one of the poorest of the big countries the most backward of the big countries in europe to being a major. economic and scientific powerhouse by the one nine hundred fifty s. despite the fact that twenty seven million soviet people were killed in the by the nazis and most of the soviet union was devastated and in addition to all of that that meant that sort of is all she wrote about what about human suffering around the world but richard what about the human suffering that so many experienced during that transition is let him push forward socialism so many people that suffer which makes you wonder about socialism and the idea of totalitarianism and authoritarian regimes that can in the future really that sort of system a socialist system exist with democracy. i think that there's no question that it can i mean i think we have to recognize the fact that the soviet union from the day it was born when when winston churchill the leader of the counter revolution really against the russian revolution a vile had to strangle the bolshevik baby in its c

and most of the soviet union was devastated. i noticed what had been in that sort of bizarre about what human suffering around the world but richer but about human suffering that so many spears during that transition has been in push pull its station is in sight many people could suffer which makes you wonder about socialism and the idea of totalitarianism and authoritarian regimes get killed in the future really that sort of as a system of social assisted exist. we have democracy. i think that there's no question that the economy added we have to recognize the fact that the soviet union from the day i was born when when winston churchill the leader of the time come the revolution really against the russian revolution about to strangle the boast of a baby and its crew of the soviet union really never got a piece in its whole existence that doesn't excuse. i've had so many mistakes and serious mistakes that were made by successors of lemon lemon brought the world to a different place on all over the world particularly in the colo

that the capitalist up powers the united states were forced to give concessions because the soviet unionexisted and it was it was in competition so so we're really seeing the austerity that continues all across europe right now and across the western world as a result of the collapse of the soviet union labor unions have been weakened. and coming up for you next hour just about as far from communism as you can get. suggesting buying because on exactly shining examples of august. i would if you asked the chairman and the president and the c.e.o. of h.s.b.c. right now what they had for lunch they would lie dave they would have made just out of baloney sandwich and they said if we just had a turkey sandwich because it's in their culture it's in their d.n.a. they grew up liars they are liars they'll die liars their d.n.a. if you take it to another planet another universe another parallel dimension you could sell on the open market as d.n.a. that's made of pure lies whatever value that has in a parallel universe their lives their d.n.a. is made up of pure lies you know it's funny that they th

that the capitalist powers the united states were forced to give concessions because the soviet union existed and it was it was in competition so so we're really seeing the austerity that continues all across europe right now and across the western world as a result of the collapse of the soviet union labor unions have been weakened. to the american city of omaha and now as we go into the yard. where a large of an animal feed plant there was left at least two people dead another ten seriously injured it's not yet clear what caused the blast and one witness inside the plant said he heard a large crowd before the back wall of the factory collapsed emergency services say all workers on the bodies not been accounted for. afghanistan fifty people working to clear mines are reportedly been abducted in the province of punjab tunes on a good local security officials say the group arrived in the area near the city of herat three years ago no one's claimed responsibility for the kidnapping at this point. the colombian military says it's killed fourteen members of the foreign rebel movement near

one of my question is one thing he didn't discuss it in 1939 japan tried to attack the soviet union. they were soundly defeated with the soviets sending in a lunch of tanks and they just them. good news about not get out? i mean i know that experience deeply shook a lot of the rightist people. didn't that sort of give them pause or was that hushed up and nobody really knew it? >> it was hushed up in the public. the newspapers didn't report it in full details but the army leadership was of course shaken and that is why they decided they couldn't really fight the soviet union after june 22, 1941 and that was very much on their mind. they couldn't really afford to fight the soviet union. they had their neutrality back, so we will just keep things quiet in keep biting china and going into china, so that they can sustain that warring position in china for the time being. >> its like let's attack another giant. >> also the inter-services rival between the amy -- the army and the navy they had to strike the north faction which was largely the army to strike the south section of the faction w

eisenhower and national security complex that was basically had a first strike capability of the soviet union and could get away with it and that is the basis for which the cuban missile crisis and the berlin berlin crisis of nine hundred sixty one two brought us to the edge to the brink of war eisenhower's secretary of state dollars had called it brinksmanship going against the soviet union going to rollback containment that was a far more aggressive policy than that see we've had five or six nuclear threats. we made against the chinese and against the soviet you kennedy inherited this office as a young man. and he was suspected by the military leaders the hardliners of the us that he did not have that the wherewithal to really continue the eisenhower policy he had failed to do so in laos to go in to send ground troops he'd failed in cuba at the bay of pigs to give it to suit the air support that it needed when he failed in the vietnam to really carry through a a much more in gauged process with a view at the me he said non-combat advisors but not combat people so if this was going on then h

very active in foreign policy debates, very active in the discussion about vietnam, algeria, the soviet union. he also did something kind of interesting. he chaired a special committee to determine the five best senators in american history. this is a committee that lyndon johnson created for himself, grew tired of it, handed it off the kennedy. so this is really in some sense the one project kennedy was in charge of during his senate career. he took it very seriously, inquired of all the great historians in the country and spent about six, seven months digging into this. came up with a list of the five greatest senators, and it was something that came part of his identity as being a young politician but also someone very steeped in american history. >> the book came -- who came out of the top of that list? >> there was robert taft, but the big ones were john calhoun, daniel webster, henry clay, the pre-civil war era. securities committee quickly decide on the top three, webster, clay, calhoun. they had a longer debate on the next two, and even back at that point kennedy preferred a german na

eisenhower and national security complex that was basically had a first strike capability on the soviet union and could get away with it and that is the basis for which the cuban missile crisis and the berlin berlin crisis of one nine hundred sixty one two brought us to the edge to the brink of war eisenhower's secretary of state dollars had called it brinksmanship going against the soviet union going to roll back containment that is a far more aggressive policy in that scene we've had five or six nuclear threats we made against the chinese and against the soviet you kennedy inherited this office as a young man. and he was suspected by the military leaders the hardliners of the us that he did not have that the wherewithal to really continue the eisenhower policy he had failed to do so in laos to go in to send ground troops he failed in cuba at the bay of pigs to give it to the air support that it needed when he failed in the vietnam to really carry through a a much more in gauged process with a view at the me he said non-combat advisors but not combat people so if this was going on that he wa

used to be the soviet union's biggest antarctic research station. now it only works during the summer. in the southern hemisphere someone starts in december and ends in much it's now april so seasonal operations are over. geological samples are gathered during the summer a loaded into containers. cold water is drained from the station and windows are boarded up and filled in with insulation if it was given even the slightest chance to sneak in it will be impossible to dig it out of. the diesel generator was the last to be shutdown no one can survive without heat. takes just a few hours to complete. the station is ready for winter. comfortable flying people to make feel. good to say you know good to see you back here they told us you would come you're here unfortunates smiling upon us again everything's going to be great. i'm going to be eighty five in april now i only go to the doctor. and entered to go. i'm drawn towards it my wife isn't even aware of these expeditions in the last few years. russia's expeditions to antarctica set off from cape town

central squares of cities across the nation but his appeal waned over the decades and when the soviet unioncollapsed many of those statues were removed from their plants his image had passed all the way from revolutionary hero to mastermind of the bolshevik movement to claim to many lives on its ruthless rise to the top when it had gone from deliverer to oppressor from what i can see here now in twenty fourteen lenin's position and red square shows what the passing of time can do he remains a key part of russian history but also perhaps above all now a tourist attraction a face to sell russian dolls and t. shirts to visitors with money to spend icons like lenin are never really forgotten and the art world either his image still has a place in the imagination of artist because of what it stands for what some see as an interesting historical irony when russia tries to look beyond the ideas of socialism they're beginning to sound more than a little attractive to some parts of western society look no further than the american occupy wall street movement and their slogan of we are the ninety nin

was funding all these pro-arab, anti-zionist entities, but i recall 25 years ago going to the soviet union, in their museum in moscow when they had geopolitical maps from the '40s, '50s, and pro soviet countries of the world were colored red and the pro american ones were colored blue, and what's interesting that the newly created israel was colored red, which would seem under socialist ideas, and the arab states were color blue. and that doesn't change, i remember, until the late '50s, when everything switches around. right? and then start looking as israel is sort of an attachment of the united states. so, looking from that element, the soviets had a similar sort of take in terms of knowing who they wanted to support during those crucial years which you discuss. so i'm wondering, isn't it more a question of geopolitics and directives rather than the agency of some arabists that happened to be sort of believers in the great christian civilization? and the second question, '67, you say it was a turning point. isn't it more '91? when the soviet union collapses, and when it does the whole pr

that's the key question, when the soviet union collapses, and when it does, the whole prism of looking at the region through this geopolitical lens physicals apart, and in the process, the soviets makes it a more dangerous place because the soviet union is not around anymore to keep the place in check, and there's no interlocker to put the lid on them to permit crisis from spinning out of control. to what degree is 91 more important, and for arabists who write on the region, and the region. >> briefly, you're right about how it's sort of -- it flips the region in terms of cold war geopolitical calculations that the side is like likely to fall into the soviet cap rather than the u.s. and stall lip does not have that much interest in the arab countries to begin with, and so -- but that changes with stalin coming to power and he sees that the middle east is up for grabs as the cold war extends into the third world, and the arabists lose the arguments, and within the cia, that james angleton, better known as a chief of counter intelligence runs the israeli's so-called account, which is gro

the first one had to do with their relationship in the soviet union particularly after stalin died. the prime minister of finance loved this idea and winston churchill loved it. she was absolutely opposed. there should never be any contact in the soviet union because just to sit down at a table with them would suggest that they were rational creatures and a deal might be possible and once you start believing that, the entire edifice of the cold war to collapse. they try to engage the soviet leadership after he died and as far as they were concerned and they actually said this in private, the new regime and people like khrushchev are actually worse and more dangerous because they could fool the world into thinking that they are not actually ready to destroy asked. the second huge miscalculation that the dulles brothers made is the completely misunderstood the third world nationalism of what today we would call below back. they never imagined that they would have such devastating effects years, decades, generations later. they never thought that by not holding the election in 1956 the

the americans had vastly more missiles than the soviet union did. >> it did.t played greatly to reagan's advantage in the 1980s. >> many write that china's economy will overtake america and one are prediction to cebr pushed that back to 2028, but china becoming the world's economic power. is that how you see it? >> i certainly don't because i've seen these predictions come and go. they refer to the soviet union, to europe for a while, to japan and they are now referring to china. what this report that you just quoted is you know run of the mill, declinism, let me put it this way: it is not a very very sophisticated economic analysis. they say the japanese, chinese growth rate is higher than american one and the it will inevitably over take america. but look at japan, japan was growing at 12, 14%, it is now growing at 0%. the european union was growing faster than the united states, it is now growing at 0%. we are now watching china which has come down from double digit to 7%, we are watching this same mistake north only the same mistake being made over again b

that many followers started to come here from all over the former soviet union now there are nearly five thousand. they also bear apartments in big cities to settle here after following their teacher to siberia since then a local house prices have rocketed several times over from petra public a village it's sixty kilometers to the sacred mountain. he would use needle today anyone who wants to come here is very well come on up anyone can come and buy a plot of land and build a house but there's no question about that across. the room from petra part of qur'an through the taiga there's no electricity in the remote final village before the mountain the road ends at a small car park. from here followers must begin their climb to the dawn cloister where they will be part of the ritual fusion with their teacher they have to walk through four kilometers of quick mud and slush. also in crew was given special dispensation and headed for the mountain only only a vehicle able to travel and headed to this quagmire a swamp buggy. will finally arrive in the wooden gates of the dong cloister where visi

but practices dating back to the old days of the soviet union could be getting in the way. >> in some ways, agriculture hasn't changed much here in the past 100 years. some work the fields by hand and most are still poor. the soviet union's forced program was supposed to modernize farming but it contributed to a famine that killed many farmers. in 1991, the transition to farming made producttivity mum et at first, but now it's booming. >> look where we're standing now. this was an old collective farm in soviet times, and now it's one of the most modern agriculture complexes. >> but even they have a lot of catching up to do. the average cow produce 60 in europe. expensive products like soft cheese or yogurt. still the country has a lot of potential. ukraine has some of the richest soil in the world. and many believe that with better integration and closer ties to europe, ukraine could be a bread basket. who owns the soil is a problem here. >> there's no clear ownership. there's no clear right to buy or sell land, which of course makes it difficult for people to invest. >> that makes mo

that they were finding all of these anti-zionist entities as i recall 25 years ago going to the soviet union and they had these geopolitical maps post-soviet countries of the world and it actually it was part of the newly created israel with socialist ideas on what happy with the arab states and that doesn't change until the late 50s when everything switches around with an attachment to the united states. so looking at it from that element, the soviets have a similar take on knowing who they wanted to support during these crucial years which you discussed. so is it a question of directives rather than the agency that are believers in the great christian civilization and the other one is 67, and is at 191. well, that is the key question when the soviet union lapses. the whole prism of looking at this geopolitical blends falls apart in the process makes it dangerous because the silly unit is not around anymore and there is no ability to prevent the crisis in this way. so it fits for those as well. >> briefly you are right about how it flips the region in terms of the cold war geopolitical calc

that many followers started to come here from all over the former soviet union now there are nearly five thousand. they also their apartments and big cities to settle here after following their teacher to siberia since then a local house prices have rocketed several times over from tetrapod of the village it's sixty kilometers to the sacred mountain. she would use needle today anyone who wants to come here is very well come on up anyone can come and buy a plot of land and build a house but there's no question about that across. the room from petra part of qur'an through the taiga there's no electricity in the remote final village before the mountain the road ends at a small car park. from here followers must begin their climb to the dong cloister where they will be part of the ritual fusion with their teacher they have to walk through four kilometers of thick mud and slush. also in crew was given special dispensation and headed for the mountain only only a vehicle able to travel and headed to this quagmire a swamp buggy. will finally arrive in the wooden gates of the dong cloister where

analyst to organize quickly what they determined was of more greater security challenge san does it soviet union had been. although foreboding from the intelligence cents their redundancies from which to recruit spies and garments to look after satellites and other big agencies to intercept communications. but this was not the case with terrorist cells. we needed to organized differently. on the point of there being a particular impact, and john kerry endorsed the beloved commission recommendations 70 minutes after the recommendations were announced. george bush endorsed the concept ted days later so is speaks to the tremendous force that were at play at this particular time. however while a lot of the empress of congress and the team lead in individuals of each political party endorsed the recommendations do lee immediately it inspired turbid this bureaucratic opposition the and this is at the heart heart, and a tale of bureaucratic power unit jockey for influence over the $80 billion intelligence center tries to control that act of the united states. >> scientology was created as a religion th

. >> we were immigrants from the soviet union. i was directionless.ng my first book, but my mother didn't consider that a career. she decided to call me "little failure." that was her pet name for me. >> yeah, that is sweet. that is the first word that comes to mind. you write about her in this book. you talk about around 1978 that her mood changed because jews were going to be able to emigrate out of the soviet union. >> she got into a big fight with a sales lady at the meat market. the women yelled at her, when you move to israel, they'll slice the ham for you without fat. >> she said, yes in israel i'll have the fatless ham but all you'll ever have is the fat. i remember thinking, get me some ham. >> the way you describe that as sort of this ridiculous funny story is classic. you also felt you were witnessing her sort of feel different or more independent coming out of the experience of being sort of an oppressed minority. >> yes. there was a lot of anti-semitism in russia. the soviet union took an anti-zionist stance. my parents wanted to get out

one of the consequences is to let off be insane nuclear arms race with the soviet union and the united states that developed a bomb soon after then by the 1980's with 70,000 nuclear weapons in the upper world but hydrogen bombs, a 10 and 51 digit thousand times more powerful than hiroshima. now we are working our way down. that could have been prevented if we did not use the bomb. on balance we should not have dropped it on nagasaki or hiroshima. we were winning the war in the way. the emperor was preparing to surrender regret the very least we could have waited a few more weeks to see if the surrender talks we're going to succeed or not but i recognize it is a very controversial area but that is my opinion. >> from providence and day school, a student. >> i am a junior. what the of the reaction rigby the ballistic missile attack since they have not signed any sort of pact? >> that is a tricky question because israel would not attack palestine you read the occupied territories with the ballistic missile that is a long-range weapon they go hundreds or thousands of kilometers. if there i

telling us the soviet union was a coequal superpower. tied for first in the strongest nation in all of human history, when it is actually crumbling to nonexistence. this is not a little bit off, folks. ok? this is diametrically opposed to the truth. the mischaracterization making an evil empire appear stronger than in fact it was. there is the paradigm. not just wrong, but as wrong as wrong can be. always to the benefit of evil, failure, and wrong. to the detriment of good, right, and successful. most of us will remember the contemporary journalism of the 1980's that was telling us that japan was an unstoppable economic juggernaut. this, as they were about to collapse, into what is now a decades long recession. unstoppable economic juggernaut -- decades long recession. this is not a little bit off. this is diametrically opposed to the truth. in this case, the mischaracterization making a non-western culture appear stronger than in fact it was. how many of us leading up to 9/11 were stunned to learn that islam had spread across a third of

i've seen the soviet union collapse. i've seen protestants and catholics who swore never, never, never, sheikh hands and roll a united northern ireland but i've seen a man walk out of a prison cell that was held for 20 years and become elected president of a majority ruled and free south africa. i've seen the carolina panthers win eight games in a row and go perfect in the south division so don't tell me this isn't possible. it's just hard. thank you very much. it's been a pleasure talking to you today. [applause] >> great stuff, joe. spectacular. as you are queuing up questions, we've got a boom mic in the back that would bring them around to anyone who has questions. we're not going to leave until we get questions from a student or two. so get those cute a. i'm board member of the world affairs council, and just as you're getting rid ask your questions, let me say one thing, and that is, if you're not a member of the world affairs council, we need you to be. that's especially true of everyone in this room, but also tru

the soviet union at least in the intelligence cents there were embassies from which to recruit spiesnd armaments and other particular government each and agencies to intercept a communication but this was not the case with the terrorist cells we need to organize differently. with a particular impact impact, said john carry the democratic nominee -- nominee endorse the recommendations 70 minutes after the commission was announced july 2004. george bush in concept 10 days later this speaks to the force that was at play at this particular time. however, while a lot of members of congress and the two leading individuals endorsed the recommendations immediately it inspired tremendous democratic opposition and this is the heart of the book, its tail of bureaucratic power jockeying for influence over the $80 billion to control the intelligence assets of united states. >> guest: and then finally, there is a public policy implication for your presentation of the black tradition of arms. so i look forward to really getting into those three areas with you. but before i was interested in hearing

when the soviet union collapsed in 1991 it met productivity plummeted at first but now it's booming. >> translator: look where we're standing now. this was an old collective farm in soviet times, and now it's one of the most modern agricultural complexes. >> reporter: even a farm like this one has a lot catching up to do. the average cow here produces 25 liters of milk a day, about 60 in europe. the sanitary conditions also leave much to be desired, so the milk can't be used to make expensive products like soft cheese or yogurt. the country has a lot of potential. it has some of the richingest soil in the world and with better integration and closer ties to europe, ukraine could become a regional breadbasket. who owns that soil is a big obstacle here. >> land is always a problem here, because there's no clear ownership and right to buy or sell land, which, of course, makes it difficult to for people to invest. >> reporter: that makes modernization projects like this new seed plant expensive. they charge 25% interest. farming companies would like government reforms and some outside hel

in the 9/11 commission estimation, the soviet union while for voting of course at least an intelligent sense, there were embassies from which to recruit spies. there were armaments to look at through satellite and other particular governing agencies beat the interceptor communications. this wasn't the case, so we needed to be able to organize differently. on the point about there being a particular electoral impact, john kerry, the democratic nominee for president endorsed the 9/11 commission recommendations 17 minutes after the commission recommendations were not in july 2004. george bush endorsed the dni and concept 10 days later. so this speaks to the tremendous for us an incredible forces at play at this particular time. however, while a lot of numbers of congress and the two leading individuals of each political party endorsed the 9/11 commission's recommendations immediately, it inspired tremendous bureaucratic opposition. this is the heart of "blinking red." it is a tale of bureaucratic power and job and for influence over the $80 billion intelligence enterprise who would be abl