the argument the shah makes to them is that the iraqis are backed by the soviet union. if the kurds and the baath, come to terms this will represent soviet domination of iraq and the only way to prevent that is by the united states becoming involved in the war. but here is the question that i find really interesting. why does the president and his national security adviser trust the advice of the shah over the advice of the secretary of state, the director of the cia, the secretary of defense? why is it that they place so much faith in the wisdom of the shah? my argument is that it has to do with that relationship. that rather unique relationship that existed between nixon, kissinger and the shah. the united states didn't really have an iraq policy. it had an iran policy. what they did with the kurds was a subset of that policy. united states policy was to support the shah. if the shah said that this needed to be done, then it should be done. that is how the process evolved. i think if that relationship had not been there but the kurds' appeals for help from the united s

second, the soviet union and the cold war has been mentioned. it says a lot about the contrast with the kellogg brown packed. we are about to go to paris and a month and negotiate what i've called the climate policy equivalent of the pact. a packed with no teeth but that everyone will celebrate. japan and germany signed this pact. which is why reagan combined his policies of peace through strength and very tough diplomacy, but also a willingness to bargain and reach breakthroughs. he could be taught and seek a breakthrough at the same time. it took a real subtle balance and his character to see that. at the heart of it was, peace through strength. no sentimentality that war was a feature of political life in a rough world that could be escaped, except, through vigilance and strength. and the willingness to stand up to tyrants and despots. now, our institutions and our constitution are so badly degraded these days that what we need is a person of enormous audacity, of boldness, of great energy, of supreme rhetorical skill. the kinds of things tha

so they picked up every second man and a lot of women who had worked in the soviet union in 1937. they were just picking people up at random and they went back to mercer and said our friend has been taken by the soviets. what are we going to do? and he said i will make a call and call people that know people. he called his contact with mi6 at the british embassy in tehran and said this thing happened what do you know? the guy said i can find out out and found out. and he said i am sorry to say your friend is in custody and remember they set-up all of these jails and dungeons in advance of the g-3 summit. she is in jail at this particular address. it is the nkvd and i hate to say it but you have to kiss this girl good bye. so mercer came back saying that is the situation this is all we can. and ferguson, who is a cowboy, said we cannot let this stand. he had learned his trade, spy craft trade, the way a lot of these young oss men did in those days: by watching the movies. he knew what into -- he knew what to do. we have to break her out of jail. this is the soviet's dungeon. it does

nkbd dragnet, they just picked up every second man and a lot of women, they had worked in the soviet union, they were picking people up at random. so they went back to mercer and said our friend has been taken by the soviets, what are we going to do, can you help us? all right, i will make a call,ly call a few people, i know some people that know some people and he called his contacts with mi6 at the british embassy in tehran and said, this thing happened, what do you know, okay, i can find out and found out. well, i am sorry to say that your friend is in kbd custody in such a such a place. they set up jails and dungeons all over town. so yeah, she's in jail at this particular address and it's the nkbd and you -- i hate to say it but you have to kiss this girl good-bye and mercerr came back and said, that's the situation, i'm sorry, nothing we can do. ferguson this cowboy says we can't let this stand. he was an oss agent, he had learned his trade, a lot of these young oss men did in those days by watching the movies and he knew what she needed to do, we are going to break her out of jail.

she grew up in the soviet union under stalin. when i mentioned earlier how the end came, rounding up every second man, her father was the second man. teamwork in the transportation ministry. that didn't keep him out of trouble and he end ed up as a second man. never came home from the gulag. but she was a pilot, wanted to fly, to fight the germans and so she did it. an amazing life, amazing story. and just a few days after her 21st birthday she was on patrol over eastern ukraine. the time i wrote the book it was a very peaceful part of the world and it sort of got not peaceful in the last year or so. the place where it a shot down a malaysian airliner was only about ten miles from the wreckage of her plane was eventually discovered. she once flying there and never came back. last time they saw her she was being chased by a commission it through the clouds and it was 25 years before they found the wreckage of what they assumed was airplane and recovered her body. we have been at this about an hour. if there are no more questions.

max: that -- soviet union, the land untouched by modern medicine. had some sort of a respiratory disease after another. and bronchitis to pneumonia to some other stuff. and every time i would breathe into a tube, they'd say, "oh, the lung capacity -- it's, you know, any minute now he is going to pass out and not wake up." between my mom and my grandma, it was kind of like, well, that is not acceptable. go do 100 push-ups, expand your lung capacity. my mom insisted i played a woodwind instrument to expand my lung capacity. and i played clarinet. and somehow survived past the point where the doctors said we're going to stop predicting when he's going to die, because he seems to be surviving. emily: you were in chernobyl? max: i was not in chernobyl. i was a couple of -- pretty, pretty close to chernobyl. chernobyl -- emily: you were there when chernobyl happened? max: oh, yeah. i was very much in kiev. i think it was about 90 miles. so it's pretty close. yeah. that was -- it was very anti-climactic, retrospectively. and sort of a week -- a couple week

so they went back -- he took them to the soviet union. there willie fischer fell in love and got married and had to get a job. now his mother was a russian -- was russian. his father was german. his native language is english, he had done french at school. he was an ideal candidate for the new soviet security services. and his wife's sister suggested he look for a job there doing translation and that's how he got started in the world of intelligence. >> to put one more detail that we can come back to later, early on while living in the north of england, he developed an interest in radio. it was a hobbyist's medium prior to the war and he stayed with that. it played a pivotal role in his career. >> one of his biographies, the soviet system and the russian system generally puts a great store by biography resumÉ. you have to and certainly in the soviet era establish your working class credentials. and in one of his speeches when he got back to t soviet union, he talked about being a boy in moscow and taking apart house bells to make radios.

he took them to the soviet union. they are, willie fisher fell in love and got married and had to get a job. his mother was russian, his father was german. his major language is english. he had done french in school. he was an ideal candidate for the new soviet security services. in his wife's sister suggested he look for a job they are doing translation. and that's how he got started in the world of intelligence. more detail one that we can come back to later -- early on, while living in the north of england, he developed an interest in radio. hobbyist medium, prior to the war. and it playedout a pivotal role in his career. one of hisf -- vin: biographies, i think the soviet system in the russian system in general puts a great store by biography. in the soviet era, you have to establish your working-class credentials. speeches, when he got back to the soviet union, he talked about being a boy in moscow. bills --g apart house ls to make radios. i was an 11-year-old, 12-year-old boy. where the first sure to ship radio

what if you could take a moment and let folks know what is the soviet union. >> and sure. well, the soviet movement really began before the six-day war. it was the six-day war in isreal in 1967. it really triggered a renewed and bold movement on the part to be allowed to immigrate from the soviet union. the communist government refused to allow. the movement was himmed at prying open the doors, something that is finally happening for good around 1989. for several decades, it required constant public demonstrations protesting the treatment of ever soviet jews. over the decades, they tried to -- they had imprisoned many jews for trying to be activist jews. one of those leaders had be truly a pillar of the leadership. so when he was finally freed, it was a historic moment globally. it required thousands of people in this community and other communities consistently dedicated to putting not issue in front of the public eye. millions of soviet jews were allowed to leave the soviet union. >> what a point of pride for the jewish community and the rewill is you community in an issu

eastern europe historically has been part of the soviet union. it is a dicey situation because it is hard to see any of those eastern european countries not having a tense relationship today with the putin government. i understand there is a foreign minister of croatia -- i do not know her name, but i have been told that she is the one that might be available and somebody who might be amenable to the russians as a candidate for the position of secretary general. but i think that gillian may be right. there is this push to have a female secretary-general. you may have to break the rules of geographical distribution or geographical rotation and forget about the fact that eastern europe is supposed to have its turn this time around. >> first of all, thank you for this wonderful presentation. i would like to add two things that eleanor roosevelt did at the u.n. that would expand the conversation and play to the point you are making about a woman possibly as the next secretary-general. she was instrumental behind-the-scenes in the creation of unicef a

nunn, with whom getting for 20 years all the missiles and warheads out of the former soviet union, comes in at number five. you have a lot of people from the past who really were remarkable exemplars of bipartisanship and statesmanship. host: you came in at number 24. was that disappointing for you? [laughter] guest: it shows it's at least an objective survey. the work being done on a lot of the data was done by the school overhead georgetown. people diligently went through all these votes for 22 years in essence. while i am pleased that i was no than 24th, i would hope to be in the top sensors to so to speak. rsst: let's bring in our calle in from the independent line. i probably pronounce that wrong, richard. caller: you are close to the post. host: what's your question for senator lugar? caller: it's a pleasure to talk to him and more of a pleasure to listen to him. i wish he would run for president. my question is that he mentioned the leader center. -- the lugar center. from what he was saying, i know you want people to get to the point, but when people run for congress or senate or

in the soviet union, it was hard to get a car. there was only one dealer. it was owned by the government. socialism. so he saved money for a year or two. he finally had enough money and went into the state run car dealership and he was so proud and he said, i would like my car. the bureaucrat sneered at him and said, you can come back and get it in a year. he did not miss a beat. he said, will that be on a tuesday or wednesday. the bureaucrat said, i just told you it is going to be year and you want to know if it will be a tuesday or wednesday? and he said yes, the plumber is coming on that tuesday. [laughter] it was a joke that gorbachev could really get here if you -- because if you have ever lived under socialism, it does not work. but can you imagine -- this is what i worry about our country. the majority of new hampshire democrats think socialism and bernie sanders is just great. how could that happen? have they not read any history? have we not learn from the soviet union? have we not learned socialism is an abysmal failure? we have won the cold war,

the secretariat for all of fdr's communications with winston churchill, uncle joe stalin of the soviet union, chiang kai-shek of china and other figures. we took wartime messages. we received the messages, took them in, make sure they were answered in due course, kept a record and everything. we were also communicators. whenever roosevelt traveled any distance, other than just to hyde park, perhaps, one or two of us would be with him to encode and decode the messages that flowed back and forth from washington to him, because all classified communications to him when he was traveling had to go through the map room. so, it was a fascinating job. we never knew from one day to the next whom we were going to meet or what kind of information we were going to be handling. and when i say whom we were going to meet, when winston churchill came to visit roosevelt in washington, as he did several times during the war, churchill, who was fascinated by anything relating to military strategy and military situations, used our map room actually more than fdr himself did. and so, we got pretty well acquainte

and soviet union, the clock hand was moved to just two minutes to 12. the closest it has ever stood to midnight. >> following a ban on atmospheric tests, the threat eased and the clock retreated to 12 minutes to midnight. the 1980's though saw the threat level again rise, as the soviet union invaded afghanistan and cold war reached new heights. reflected unprecedented peace between the super powers. arriving last night, three minutes to the top of the hour. the reason continuing nuclear prelive ration, the threat of climate change, and potentially harmful new technologies such an get nick modification. >> you can find out much more on our website, the address is aljazeera.com. this is techknow a show about innovations that can change lives. the science of fighting a wildfire. we're going to explore the intersection of hardware and humanity but we're doing it in a unique way. this is a show about science by scientists. tonight techknow investigates gold at any cost. we travel deep into the rainforests of peru. these illegal mining operations extend for m

the difference between the way we treated the soviet union, mr. president likes to point to, and the way we treat iran is this. yes we cut arms control agreements with the soviet union but at the same time we pushed back against their bad behavior everywhere in the world. >> rose: we conclude this evening with the highly regarded columnist for "the washington post," david ignatius. >> the idea we should write a blank check for oddy insecurity and they sometimes flail out against their enemies. it's a mistake, it's gotten us in trouble for a generation. i don't think we should repeat that mistake again. >> rose: morell and ill -- ignatius when we continue. >> rose: funding for "charlie rose" has been provided by: captioning sponsored by rose communications from our studios in new york city, this is charlie rose. snrievment nine months the country will elect the 45th president of the united states. national security is dominating the campaign in a way we have seldom seen. the focus is as a result of the many challenges bound to face president obama'

but they're not at all as the same as the refugees from the former soviet union. it's muslim arab refugees coming and terrorizing women. this is not to be compared with the soviet union's immigration to the united states. no remote comparison. >> wait a second, you're telling me that people that are fleeing the carnage in syria are coming here to rape and kill people. >> i didn't say that. >> what are you saying? >> you didn't even hear what i said. i said in stockholm they're not having great results like we got with the soviet and jewish refugees coming to the united states. they're having the highest rape rate in europe entirely as a consequence of taking in all the muslim arab refugees. that's not made up. that's a fact. i didn't say that had anything to do with refugees coming to the u.s. it might or might not. it's something to bear in mind. >> so these refugees deserve to stay in syria and get slaughter because one or two are raping people. >> it's not one or two of ten of them. it's thousands of them in various european countries and it does require it. th

but they're not at all as the same as the refugees from the former soviet union. it's muslim arab refugees coming and terrorizing women. this is not to be compared with the soviet union's immigration to the united states. no remote comparison. >> wait a second, you're telling me that people that are fleeing the carnage in syria are coming here to rape and kill people. >> i didn't say that. >> what are you saying? >> you didn't even hear what i said. i said in stockholm they're not having great results like we got with the soviet and jewish refugees coming to the united states. they're having the highest rape rate in europe entirely as a consequence of taking in all the muslim arab refugees. that's not made up. that's a fact. i didn't say that had anything to do with refugees coming to the u.s. it might or might not. it's something to bear in mind. >> so these refugees deserve to stay in syria and get slaughter because one or two are raping people. >> it's not one or two of ten of them. it's thousands of them in various european countries and it does require it. th

he's known as the youngest world chess champion when he played for the soviet union.s become a campaigner for human rights and democracy in russia. >> pleasure to have you on. >> thanks for inviting me. >> you think that russia is in a very dangerous stage right now because of the nature of putin's rule. the title is haunting. winter is coming. you really think it's going to get pretty bad in russia. >> it will get worse before it gets better. >> worse because oil prices are collapsing? >> absolutely. you should look at putin's budget. he's struggling with cash. first time during his 50 years in power, he doesn't have enough cash to pay. he has to make tough choices. he's cutting pensions. he's cutting social spendings. he keeps increasing military spending, and propaganda. this was the war budget. i can make only one prediction. he will continue his aggressive foreign policy because his propaganda machine needs these victories. they have to present putin has the white knight who is the only one able to defend russia against endless enemies. >> a friend of mine said t

since the soviet union has disappeared, we don't have anyone to hate. we've picked out russian and china. now we've got islam out there as a unifying fear. there has been political scientists over history that written that countries need enemies, they unify countries, they give you a sense of national purpose and if you don't have an enemy, you should go out and find one. i think in a certain way it is an appeal to give you the sense of living living on the edge of danger even when that's not true >>> you're saying that we shouldn't reach out to alien civilizations because you wrote if aliens are anything like humans we should hide from there. are you trying to make a point about fear? >> that's quite the inciteful question. somebody does read between the livenls. it was a bad idea for us to try and contact alien civilizations because in the history of the world, every time a civilization that considers itself superior has crashed into a country full of people that it considers inferior, that civilization has either killed or enslaved or brutalised that

we said the soviet union being afghanistan is worse. many were arabs that had come from saudi arabia. saudi arabia poured hundreds of millions of dollars into afghanistan against the soviet union. that was the beginning of radical islam worldwide. unfortunately we supported it as well. saudi arabia 16 of 19 hijackers who came here on 9/11 were from saudi arabia. saudi arabia through their royal family actually funds and supports this radical form of islam that preaches an intolerance. you know that christians can't go to medinah or mecca or step foot in saudi arabia. as president, i would use our trading, our selling of weapons and i would tell saudi arabia you'll behave or you won't get anymore weapons. >> people are looking for something. some form of information. some light that will tell them that things are going get better. what is your message? you're getting ready to face february 1st in iowa. what's your message? >> i think people need to understand what made america great in the first place. i think it was freedom, liberty, be

vladimir putin had choice words of his own for some of the people who founded the soviet union. he denounced lenin for redrawing borders in eastern europe. >> lenin stood for the idea that the state the soviet union was established on the basis of i may put it wrong but the idea is clear of full equality with the right to secede from the soviet union. it was the time bomb under our state. >> putin pointed to eastern ukraine as the reason it's dealing with failed policies. >>> now to our global view segment with a look at how news outlets across the world are reacting to various events. >>> the japan times says putin will face no consequences after being aware of the enemy, letveninko. more lawlessness to follow as russia's power and prominence grow. pakistan's the nation says it's a great sign that the afghan taliban has agreed to peace talks but its precondition that the u.n. remove taliban members from the international travel ban black list is unacceptable. the paper argues that the taliban must take concrete steps towards an agreement and prove that it is taking the talks se

the 1980s saw the threat level again rise as the soviet union inv invat -- invaded afghanistan. clock was set to 3 minutes to midnight. soon to change, with the fall of the berlin wall in 1998, followed by the break up of the soviet union. in 1991 the clock hand was moved back to 17 minutes to midnight, reflecting unprecedented peace and kwoop ration. since the 1990s the clocks hands have moved largely in one direction, arriving last year to 11:57, the reason continuing threat of nuclear proliferation, climate change, and new technology. last year we have seen north korea resume a nuclear bomb test and confirmation that 2015 was the hottest year on record, both of those factors have the potential to move the clock's hands once again closer to midnight. >>> much more on our website. the address to click on to, is aljazeera.com. aljazeera.com for your news and sport. ♪ reports of a shooting at the naval medical center. about an hour ago, the center tweeted a warning that an active shooter was many the building. the tweet advised that recall nonemergency personnel are being asked t

tallinn has modernized at an astounding rate since the fall of the soviet union. its business district shines with the same glass and steel gleam you'll find in any modern city. yet nearby are the rugged and fully intact medieval walls, and the town within these ramparts has a beautifully preserved old-world ambiance. among medieval cities in the north of europe, none are as well preserved as tallinn. the town hall square was a marketplace through the centuries. its fine old buildings are a reminder that tallinn was once an important medieval trading center. today it's a touristy scene, full of people just having fun. through the season, each midday, cruise-ship groups congest the center as they blitz the town in the care of local guides. like many tourist zones, tallinn's is a commercial gauntlet. here there's a hokey torture museum, strolling russian dolls, medieval theme restaurants complete with touts, and enthusiastic hawkers of ye olde taste treats. woman: [ laughs ] steves: but just a couple blocks away is, for me, the real attraction of tallinn -- workaday

and soviet union the clock hand was moved to two minutes to 12:00. the closest it has ever stood to midnight. tests in 1963, the threat eased and the clock retreated to 12 minutes to midnight. the 1980s, though, saw the threat level again rise as the soviet union invaded afghanistan and cold car tensions reached new heights. in 1984 the clock was set to three minutes to midnight. that was soon to change with the fall of the berlin wall in 1989 followed by the break up of the soviet union. in 1991 the clock handles moved back to 17 minutes to midnight inflicting unprecedented peace and cooperation between the superpowers. since the 1990s the clock hands have move gradually to one direction arriving at 11:57, three minutes to the top of the hour. reason, continuing nuclear proliferation, the threat of climate change and potentially harmful chemical technology. >> joining me live from washington, d.c. is rachel bronson, the executive director and publisher of the bulletin of "atomic scientist" a very warm welcome to the program. thank you for being with

the soviet union would view the united states in the same way. they would say this is just a moment and have good reason to distrust the united states. from the soviet point of view, if you thought it was so bad, why did you not do anything when he invaded us? was on you wait until he the outskirts of moscow? there's no reason from a soviet point of view to trust american interests and motives than any more for americans to trust soviet interests and motives. we like to fight wars as , thedes, so here we are innocent country, we have not been attacked, we have not done anything to causes, but this war become something more than just a fight to retaliate. 14 points were really , ang to remake the world american image complete with an international organization that is going to americanize global politics. one of the reasons that americans become disenchanted with world war i and its results is because that is not what happened. -- vision village in is not realized. resisted at this was especially, and wilson unwilling to compromise on key points of

the soviet union was an authoritarian communist country. the democratic socialism that i talk about is similar to what goes on in countries like denmark, sweden, norway, and other countries around europe and what those countries have accomplished, and i don't think we really know enough about it, if you take a country like deny mark or finland or norway, nerve that country has healthcare as a right and they do it in much more cost effective way than we do. do you know how much college education costs in those countries? it is free. seniors get very strong retirement benefits and by and large, you have a government in those countries that try to develop policies that represent ordinary people rather than the wealthy and the powerful. further, in our country, you have programs that are socialistic. one is called social security. i don't know too many people, security is a pretty important and good program. they think medicare, which is a single payor health insurance program for the elderly, they think that's a pretty good program. i don't wa

of course by the way, soviet union, was using the united same way.the they would say this is just a moment. toy had good reason distrust. the soviets said if you thought hitler was so bad, why did you not doing anything when he invaded us? why did you wait until he was on outskirts. then you didn't come in for us, you did it because the japanese germans did you a favor. there's no reason to trust motives interest and any more than for the americans that came to trust soviet motives.and we like to fight wars as crusades. we haven't done anything to cause this. this war becomes something more retaliate. fight to 14 points. remake theoing to world complete with an organization that's going to americanize global politics. the americanssons become disenchanted is with world war i. say that's not what happened. the wilson vision is not realized. want of americans didn't to get to that position. one of the things that goes back to congress. resisted.lways at this time, especially wilson was unwilling to compromise on points of the treaty of tosailles when it came american membership in the league

so soviet union had some friends. here we have enemies. of course americans, jews, it's everywhere. in my life, i'm fairly pessimistic about the outcome because i see no positive scenario. it's all just choice for less horrible. >> a lot of western leaders probably would not disagree with your analysis. it's a huge country, ten time zones or whatever it is, 3,000 nuclear weapons. we have to do business with russia. >> you know, i'm not telling you confronting putin today could solve all the problems and it will bring the sufferings in russia or outside of russia caused by putin's regime to an end, but any day putin stays in power simply will raise the price. unless we -- unless we try to, you know, have a real red line, it will not end nicely. >> you're very critical of the west from the start. and you talk about president bush. what do you think bush was thinking when he said i can look into his soul and i saw a man i could trust? >> i think it's not just a problem of bush 43 or bush 41 or bill clinton or barack obama, it's a fundamental problem of the west after the collapse of th

our enemy, the enemy at that time, we were focused on was the soviet union. right. it was a bipolar world in so many respects. we loved e.t., the extraterrestrial at that time and we listened to michael jackson, you know? starting to really become the pop star that he was and we listened to him on the cassette tapes in our walkmans. boy, i'll tell you, when you were under way, i mean, that thing was a cadillac -- if you had a walkman you were styling. because you could listen to your tapes and, you know, not disturb everybody else. particularly on a submarine. the commercial internet did not exist at that. in fact, the inventor of facebook, mr. zuckerberg had not been born yet. you know, the world has changed in so many ways. one way that i like to talk about how things have changed, you know, maybe from a technological standpoint and it's timely because we're getting into playoff season in the super bowl, how we enjoyed the super bowl. so a lot of times we talk about, hey, you know, how many christmases are you away and holidays and anniversaries, birthdays, you kn

and soviet union the clock hands with moved to just two minutes to 12, the closest it has ever stood to midnight. >> ts in 1963 the threat eased and the clock retreated to 12 minutes to midnight. >> and 1980's though saw the threat level again rise as the soviet union invaded afghanistan, and tensions reached new heights. in 1984, the clock was set to three minutes to midnight. followed by the break up of the soviet union. >> the clock hand is moved back to 17 minutes reflecting unprecedented peace and cooperation between the super powers. since the 1990's the hands have moved largely in one direction, towards midnight, at 11:57, 3 minutes to the top of the hour, the reason, continuing nuclear prelive ration, the threat of climate change, and potentially harmful new technologies such as genetic modification. they have just announced that the clock is not moving from the current setting of three minutes. to midnight. a bit disappointing there's not a clock in sight, but they do say the clock is staying at three minutes to midnight. all right, for more on this, we are joined he is a fu

there is a mythology that the soviets were somehow, you know, it's probably true they were paying attention to what reagan did with the unions and i don't know if it got into deep analysis, but george scholz who is reagan secretary of state said that clearly this was unintimidating factor to the soviets, reagan's toughness in dealing with the air traffic controllers. >> host: how do you think that either the immediate or those in washington reactors raza reagan legacy to his ending the cold war? >> guest: i don't think reagan has ever gotten the credit. i wouldn't say he ended the cold war. i would say he won the cold war and there is a concepting cold war history of that soviets gained ground from the end of world war i they gained ground against every american president up until 1981. no soviet leader ever willingly gave up power. the soviet union basically surrendered because reagan, you know, the mythology as he spend-- sent them into oblivion which is only partially true. he used all the powers of the presidency. he used the bully pulpit to break the soviets and he used the cia to help the covert operations in nicaragua

and persuade the iranian leaders that the real danger to their nation lies in the north, and the soviet union and from the soviet troops now in afghanistan and the unwarranted and iranian quarrel with the united states hampers their response to this far greater danger to them. if the american hostages are harmed, a severe price will be paid. [applause] we will never rest until every one of the american hostages are released. [applause] >> that, we look at the april 19 80 failed hostage rescue attempt and the release of the hostages the day ronald reagan was 20th, 1981. january this 15 minute segment is from c-span hospers enjoy library series recorded in 2007. >> 1980 is an election year and i think the frustration felt regarding the continuing captivity of the hostages is summed up in a tragically unfortunate rescue attempt in april of 1980, very complicated in terms of logistics, helicopters and planes having to reconnoiter some distance from iran and having a challenging distance and almost everything that could go wrong did go wrong. carter: how did this safe guard prepare to protect amer

in dealing with the soviet union. we obviously formed alliance against it. but it never stopped us from seeking opportunities to work with the soviet union for common purpose and common interest. and i think when you do -- when you pray from a position of strength like that, it actually enables you to get more done with your adversary. and i think that's what ambassador crocker and i are arguing for. this train hats already left the station. and we have disengaged from the region. and without our involvement in it, this could get to a very dangerous situation between saudi arabia and the iranians and their supporters. we have to get back to it. we have to rally our allies and have clear political and diplomatic objectives in what we are trying to achieve to counter the iranian advance in the region. >> thank you for your service and testimony. >> senator kaine and i are running back and forth upstairs. thank you for holding on until i could get down here. first of all, let me thank all three of you both for being here this morning and for your service to the

what has become primary is the soviet union. the reconstruction of europe. the marshall plan, which is going to come into effect soon. as soon as the verdicts are let down -- and again, 14 death sentences out of this case -- people are tripping over themselves, americans and eventually germans to get these sentences dismissed, reduced, nullified. the americans are under the impression you're going to make the german people unhappy if you sentence more of their leaders to death. it's time to -- not forget exactly, but focus on new priorities. the new chancellor of germany makes it a specific points that -- point that if the allies want german cooperation, one of the things they will have to do is start reducing these war crimes sentences. clear choice. do you want germany, modern, reorganized federal republic of germany in 1949? this is what you're going to have to do. where is general taylor is aghast at this and then ference is aghast at this. it's exactly what happens. 1948, 49, 50, and 51. by the time we get to 51, we have reduced 14 death sentences to 4.

ande department official future ambassador to the soviet union charles bolin. the federal security agency itself, the forerunner to the department of health and human services. three low-level eisenhower white joseph andspondents stewart alsop. among many many others associated with these individuals. sex deviancebi file was destroyed in 1977, we can never know exactly how many but thisre targeted merely constitutes a tiny sampling. fbi also targeted the first gay rights group, the mattachine society. another group was called one of the incorporated that had an economist magazine. daughteran magazine cells go by this. the mattachine was the first so-called humble file group to form. by 1952 mattachine had caught journalistsocal were wondering whether a communist spy could infiltrate the group and swing its political power. public charges initiated an fbi investigation under its program of mattachine and one to see whether communists had infiltrated these groups. sources, the fbi decided that both groups were clean. somehow the fbi did notice that the mattachine

it was not until the fall of the berlin wall and the changeover in the soviet union to a country called russia that the body of the security council, for the first time, acted in unison and they all agreed there should be a force sent into kuwait to out the invading forces from iraq. for the first time, in 1989, the security council was fulfilling the goals the founding fathers and mothers thought about to stop aggression around the world. here is a good case of aggression, iraq invading in neighboring country. since then, i think that he would -- while being, obviously, happy this happened in 1991 with a joint action against iraq, he would have been disappointed that there have been fewer incidences of togetherness among the countries. obviously, the example is russia not liking the action in kosovo and, on the other hand, the sanctions on iran and the sanctions should be imposed against iran. it has been a case-by-case, ever since. maybe, by his perspective, that would have been normal. it would have been a disappointment to him. host: it was brought up that the u.n. efforts are devot

in the soviet union and from the soviet troops in afghanistan and the the unwanted more with united states hampers the response of this far greater danger to them. if the american hostages are harmed, a severe price will be paid. [applause] we will never rest until every one of the american hostages are released. [applause] the april 1980t failed husky -- hostage rescue attempt in the released of the hostages the day that ronald was inaugurated. this was recorded in 2007. >> 1980 is an election year and atsome ways, the frustration the president and those around him felt regarding the continuing activity of the hostages is summed up in a tragically unfortunate rescue attempt in april. very complicated in terms of logistics. helicopters and planes having to reconnoiter some distance from iran. but very challenging operation. almost everything that could go wrong did. >> have this rescue mission prepared to safeguard american lives to protect america's national interests and to reduce tensions in the world that have been cause among many nations as this crisis has continued. it was my decisi

and persuade the iranian leaders that the real danger to their nation lies in the north, in the soviet union, and from the soviet troops that are in afghanistan, and that the unwarranted uranian quarrel with iranianed states -- quarrel with united states hampers their response to this far greater crisis to them. getting american hostages are harmed, a severe price -- if the american hostages are harmed, a severe price will be paid. [applause] we will never rest until every one of the american hostages are released. [applause] >> next, we look at the april, 1980, failed hostage rescue attempt and the release of the hostages the day president ronald reagan was inaugurate the -- inauguratedin january 20, 1981, from c-span's presidential library series recorded in 2007. >> the frustration they felt regarding the continued captivity of the hostages is summed up in a tragically unfortunate rescue attempt in april of 1980. very complicated in terms of logistics, both helicopters and planes having to reconnoiter some distance from iran. a very, very challenging operation. almost everything that coul

this is wrong by saying that the soviet union soviet union is good to point their finger at us is thisis finding out that maybe the public opinion in the united states shift. they have an opening for say a. of absolutely right it is a great point. it was but one factor in all of this. not overwhelmingly even but it's certainly in larger measure was part of the politics of the cold war. in his first evening he says he cannot be meeting here. this is a communistic nation he is signaling a liberal stands. albeit it is very circumscribed and in which many of the mainstream civil rights organizations which is to say the ones lbj would have listened to. they would have the connections with the movement today that offers a reconfiguration which wouldn't be in any way now to the cold war at least i hope not if the intersection of the aftermath of world war ii and the cold war and also independence movement into the variety of ways in the late 50s and 60s and we could think of this moment also in terms of response to the various forms of mentalism. and the market the market that sort of markets