the first are papers from soviet research institutes, the think tanks of the soviet union. the second sores are papers from government bodies like the state bank or finance ministries that were actually implementing reforms and third, the most important, records from the soviet politburo, th policymaking party that made all editions. from 1985 to 1991 a view instinct into the papers because for most of to post war period the papers closed but when gore chef was in power, three of his aides took regular notes testify moot examination deposited the notes in a different archive and we have the this unique glimpse into the top levels of soviet politics unlike any other period during the cold war era. when you look through the sources, you immediately discover that not only was the communist party itself powerful, naturally enough, sings it was running the government, but also interest groups that played an enormous role in soviet politics and the first group is the military industrial complex, the second was the fuel energy complex, the network of gas and oil companies that made

the soviet union gets collapsed. and growth even of a moderate kind, say the soviet union or gorbachev, it certainly wouldn't hurt, why was china able to get growth fairly rapidly however it's reforms at soviet union by your telling didn't get any growth at all? >> it's the time lab. in 76 and in 78 he started his reforms very early and there is not in immediate demand to result. they start in the countryside and pulled into the sentry and he has a decade to improve his reforms are working. gorbachev faced opposition and didn't have the time. he had to make a big bet and hope that it paid off. the result was that he only got a couple of years, very rapid growth in couple of years to get results but unfortunately he doesn't get that resort in the time. and then you have this big fiscal limitation crisis that led to a class. if you look up the privatized business over time you see substantial growth and improvement but it doesn't happen in a quick time frame which gorbachev had. you had to rush and hope it comes rapidl

policies toward the soviet union. most studies focus on the arms race, competition in the third world, and ideological and economic rivalry between the two systems. you examine the role of oil and energy in general. this is surprising because energy resources were potentially an important element in the power position of the soviet union. in the 1980's, soviets were the leading oil producer in the world and natural gas producer. i the 1980's, oil and gas exports accounted for 80% of the soviet union's hard currency earnings. finally, the drop in oil prices -- by two thirds in real terms between 1980 and 1996, and a decline in soviet production later in the decade of played an important role on the collapse of the soviet economic system. one of the few writers to deal with this, peter slicer, claims that, the reagan administration orchestrated this price collapse and u.s. waged economic warfare against the soviet union, things such as trying to limit the access to western credits. this cost the soviets billions of doll

nsc about the soviet union. sorry. it is time. scholz is a really big catalyst in all this. i will stop there. sorry i went over. [applause] >> thank you very much, elizabeth and james. noble here from matthias. >> perfect. thank you very much for inviting me to speak on this historic day. today i will talk about the impact of reagan's election on the transatlantic relationship, particularly during the first term. reagan's election is in europe seen as a fundamental scene change, moving policy back towards a more open sense with the soviet union and so on. in western european domestic politics reagan became a symbol of a stance ever ejected -- that rejected these movements. some popular memory. the election is still a sharp break in the trans atlantic relationship. as a story and swing now know things were not that simple. many historians have pointed to a much greater continuity with the carter administration. assess context i want to the short-term impact of reagan's election on the transit planning relationsh

how long has russia and the soviet union been interfering more attention to interfere with our election process? report, we'vehe seen this kind of behavior to some degree, attempting to influence outcomes for decades. >> going back to the soviet union. adm. rogers: the basic trend has been there. >> i'm curious about what triggers a counterintelligence investigation of a government official.

american progressives, western progressives, british as well as american, who were taken to the soviet union in the 1920's and 1930's and very carefully manipulated by soviet handlers. it's extraordinary to see how they did this. it's shocking. and it's shocking to see how many took the bait as well. and because the woodrow wilson administration wouldn't recognize the bolsheviks, because the early british government wouldn't recognize the bolsheviks, winston churchill told boy george you might as well recognize sodomy before you recognize the bolsheviks. the progressives were upset by that in the 20's. so stalin and the late 1920's started bringing american western progressives to the soviet union to take a carefully -- take them on carefully to --d tors to -- tors tours to try to get them to come back to the united states and write articles about how great the soviet union is and they are finding this new world and by the way, the united states government ought to recognize the government. and these are the progressives. one of them, hd wells. hg wells. after a meeting with stalin in 1934,

because it wasn't just the soviet union.ian empire. >> putin returned home from his kgb posting in 1990 to a country he did not recognize. the ussr had been transformed by mikhail gorbachev and his policy of openness, known as glostnost. >> a romance with things western. >> freedom came fast, and it exposed the rock at the heart of soviet communism. across the soviet union, haufrnhaufrn hundreds of thousands of people began demanding democracy and national independence. it was once again what putin feared most. the people. rising up. and finally, the people won. >> tonight in moscow at the kremlin, the red flag of the failed soviet union at last came down, and the flag of russia rose. >> 300 years of history erased. >> soviet institutions like the kgb simply ceased to exist. vladimir putin views the breakup of the soviet union as he said himself, to be the greatest geopolitical tragedy of the 20th century. >> it was a traumatic time. and it sparked a profound change in vladimir putin. he became a politician, deputy mayor in

because it wasn't just the soviet union.ssian empire. >> putin returned home from his kgb posting in 1990 to a country he did not recognize. the ussr had been transformed by mikhail gorbachev and his policy of openness, known as glasnost. >> a romance with things western. >> freedom came fast, and it exposed the rot at the heart of soviet communism. across the soviet union, hundreds of thousands of people began demanding democracy and national independence. it was once again what putin feared most. the people. rising up. and finally, the people won. >> tonight in moscow at the kremlin, the red flag of the failed soviet union at last came down, and the flag of russia rose. >> 300 years of history erased. >> soviet institutions like the kgb simply ceased to exist. vladimir putin views the breakup of the soviet union as he said himself, to be the greatest geopolitical tragedy of the 20th century. >> it was a traumatic time. and it sparked a profound change in vladimir putin. he became a politician, deputy mayor in his hometown

because it wasn't just the soviet union.e russian empire. >> putin returned home from his kgb posting in 1990 to a country he did not recognize. the ussr had been transformed by mikhail gorbachev and his policy of openness, known as glasnost. >> a lot of things happened very quickly. >> coca-cola, coca-cola. >> a romance with things western. >> freedom came fast, and it exposed the rock at the heart of soviet communism. across the soviet union, hundreds of thousands of people began demanding democracy and national independence. it was once again what putin feared most. the people. rising up. and finally, the people won. >> tonight in moscow at the kremlin, the red flag of the failed soviet union at last came down, and the flag of russia rose. >> 300 years of history erased. >> soviet institutions like the kgb simply ceased to exist. vladimir putin views the breakup of the soviet union as he said himself, to be the greatest geopolitical tragedy of the 20th century. >> it was a traumatic time. and it sparked a profound change

it leads to the things that happened in the soviet union. i'm surprised -- i'm delighted to be the free safety on this panel. i'm surprised no bone mentioned. if you look at the various writings on it the number of fatalities ranges from a low 3 million to high of 10 or 11 million, a very large number, very large number. finally, the recognition of the extent and recognition of who is responsible and who is responsible is of the soviet union, is an important political fact today and that political fact of prime importance to the kr kremlin for two reasons. they understand that a true recognition of this who ror makes it hard for them to ignore the problem ofrs communism. how can they speak positively about this past of theirs if everyone understands that several million people were starved to death by conscious policy. therefore they have attacked ukraine's commemoration and tendencies, which is nonsense. point b is that this commemoration is also a danger to putin's authoritarian project in russia. again, the same regime that nuked, the sam

, and committed suicide when the soviet union fell. in his office, at his desk, hanging himself from his chandelier, a chandelier that he showed me the year before. made off with there, he called after, asking me what had happened. his argument was do away with nuclear weapons when there was a europeional imbalance in , the same as maggie thatcher's argument. when she rolled into cap david thereafter,d, d presidentndbagge reagan, beat him over the head. there was the no nuclear weapons, a limiting all nuclear weapons that reagan and gorbachev had talked about for a brief amount of time. more controversy great more substance of -- substantive, to do away with nuclear weapons. ton, myself and another came a meeting afterwards, saying it was against the american fundamental interest were budget reasons and protection reasons. triadst two legs of the were on the base of the ballistic missiles. none of the other -- none of it e ever mattered. the ballistic missile proposal lasted 10 minutes of reykjavik. we went back to what we had done on

we wanted to make sure we had friendly arab regimes that would keep the soviet union out. that is the goal. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern on q&a. >> the house ways and means committee worked on a bill that would require the treasury department to provide the committee with the president's tax returns and other financial documents. introduced by commerce and bill pascarella.

spent his whole life in the army in the soviet union, and committed suicide when the soviet union fell. in his office, at his desk, hanging himself from his chandelier, a chandelier that he proudly showed me a year before when i visited. but he was furious, and he called me the morning after reykjavik asking me what had happened. his argument was do away with nuclear weapons when there was a conventional imbalance in europe, the same as maggie thatcher's argument. when she rolled into camp david, thereafter, prime minister thatcher handbagged president >> it was nice to reagan, so .here was no nuclear weapons eliminate all nuclear weapons that reagan and gorbachev had talked about for a brief amount of time. there was more controversy great more substance of -- substantive, to do away with nuclear weapons. that was proposed at the lunch on sunday. that is what bill crowell and myself said it was against the american fundamental interest were budget reasons and protection reasons. at least two legs of the triad were built on the base of the ballistic missiles. none of it ever mattered.

facact, when i was 1 18 and traveling to what was the soviet union and beating all of these incredible people, most of them from socialist countries, i realized something that we seem to have lost track of, which is that, in order to shift the world, to bring it into balance and make it inhabitable, livable, truthful, and joyful, what we need more than anything is friendship. friendship is so simple, we think, but it is not really. it is a profound need for humanity. it is the need not only between people that know each other, but it is the need that is fundamentally important for people who do not know each other and who get to know each other. in fact, the saying that we have to learn to be friends with people of other countries. people in san francisco probably have this as part of their two kids already, because -- of their toolkit already, because many of us have traveled the world. what for many, many, many people who visit this country, and especially in the south, where i come from, able are entirely foreign -- people are entirely foreign and they are so foreign that it is amaz

the soviet union did. that said, one area where the u.s. and the soviet union before quite evenly matched, owner other than the nuclear stuff, one place where the dueling myth was in intelligence, our spy agencies, as opposed to every other competition, the spy agencies tried to beat each other every single day and they were well matched and the spy versus spy stuff didn't stop at the end of the cold war. you can talk to u.s. intelligence officials even today and they will tell you how much respect they have for the russian capacity when it comes to spying and intelligence. still though, even if the spy agencies in our two countries are well matched and i think most people would say they are, they're equally good, that doesn't mean they're the same. for example, one of the things that they've got that we do not is a kbg university. if you want to join the fbi or cia in this country, you go off and you do training, but it's not literally spy college. in russia, they've got a spy college. it's not a conceptual thing. it was inspired by lennon

in response to the eu, he wanted to bring everybody to the former soviet union back together in this conomic union. and to do so he needed ukraine to be part of it. all of ukraine, duchess crimea. he he wanted all 45 million ukrainians to be a part of this union. because those are consumers, laces for trade and investment. belarus and kazakhstan was not enough. i was a central focus of his foreign policy at the time i was there some bastard. i heard a lot about it at the time. anybody buy anything made in russia? what did you buy? vodka, okay. [laughter] and you buy it here or did you buy there? both. vodka, that's one. anything else? you can buy that in menlo park and -- really strong beer. i would not advise it. but okay, but the point is there are very few things that russian exports abroad that are made in russia, writing ukraine come ukrainians are consumers the buy a lot of things that are made in russia. to make this work they need all ukraine, not just crimea. so why did he suddenly pivot the other way insuring in my view, that ukraine would never join this eurasian economic u

. >> what he is trying to present is the soviet union coming and, aligned with the national spirit undermining the british and taking control of the oil in the middle east.and we cared about the oil because it is 100 percent of european oil came from the middle east. so we want to commission it friendly arab regimes that were, if not aligned with the united states at least keep you soviet union out. that is the goal. >> and then at eight eastern on c-span q and a. >> on monday, senate minority leader chuck schumer question the credibility of the house investigation into potential ties between russia and the trump campaign. he also talked about the failed effort by republicans to repeal and replace the affordable care act. and the prospect of tax reform later this year. >> mr. president, this afternoon a few topics. first, on the investigation into the trump campaign potential ties to russia. this is a matter of such gravity. we need to get it right. there should be no doubt about the integrity and impartiality of the investigation. either in the executive branch for the department of justice a

the soviet union is going to collapse, i wrote it a year before them.nd there is going to be a revolutionary turmoil that the radicals will come to power and then there will be a thermidor period. that is what i write about. napoleon, stalin, there will be a thermidor period. that is what i think we are in right now with vladimir putin. and these other two big revolutions were anti-systemic, but this revolution was pro-systemic. trying to come back into the system and the problem will become a we will not realize it. -- will become, we will not realize it. part of it is true. all those things happened. but in between all of that drama all those things happened. i showed you from before, and the current time of confrontation that we are in now, there is a period david alluded to. it is called the reset. i was in the government for that period. it was january 1, 2000 on, my first day working at the white house and i was -- 2009, my first day working at the white house and i would look at these interactions, i would say we didn't have a lot of interactions

because in 1949 the soviet union had its first atomic bomb test and if until that moment the americans were not taking us seriously in 1949 everything changed and they started talking to us on an equal footing. i'm warning you, we have something in the information arena that will allow us to talk to the americans as equals. so the kremlin bragging last year about how they had a new nuclear-level information warfare capability that they were about to deploy against the united states. something that would bring america down, make america recognize russia's strength,

. >> what he's trying to prevent is the soviet union aligning with the nationalists and taking control of the middle east. we cared about the oil because it was 100% of the oil that came from the middle east, so we wanted to make sure we had friendly regimes that if not aligning with the united states would at least keep the soviet union out. that's the goal. >> the epa administrator scott pruett talks about priorities for his agency and how they plan to work with local communities. this was at the national league of cities conference in washington, d.c. and it is just over ten minutes. >> music back >> let's give it up for the pinstripe pj. welcome once again to the closing luncheon. i hope that you have enjoyed your time at the nation's capital and found it beneficial to you and your colleagues. i am feeling pretty pumped up about being a municipal elected official. what i would like to know is how are you feeling so let's do another poll. this time, we are going to make a word cloud with the answer. in one word, describe how you feel about being an elected official. you have to get

. >> what he's trying to present is the soviet union coming in aligning with the nationalists, taking control of the oil of the middle east. and we cared about the oil because it was 100% of european oil came from the middle east. so we wanted to make sure that we had friendly arab regimes that were -- if not aligned with the united states, as least keep the soviet union out. that's the goal. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span's q&a. >> c-span's washington journal, live every day, with news and policy issues that impact you. coming up tuesday morning, tax foundation economist kyle will frame the upcoming congressional debate on tax reform and examine democratic, republican, bipartisan proposals. then north carolina republican congressman walter jones and california democratic congressman john garamendi will join us to discuss a bill they co-sponsored calling for a complete withdrawal from troops from afghanistan. be sure to watch "washington journal" tuesday morning. join the discussion. >> white house press secretary sean spicer was joined by attorney general jeff sessions at

. >> what he is trying to present is the soviet union aligning with the nationalists, undermining the british come and taking control of the oil of the middle east. 100% of european oil came from the middle east. we wanted to make a shirt we had friendly arab regimes that were, if not aligned with the united states, at least keeping the soviet union out. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span's "q&a." next week the u.s. senate will decide whether to confirm appeals court judge neil gorsuch to replace antonin scalia on the supreme court. the judiciary committee will vote on his nomination monday. if the committee votes in favor gorsuch, the mobile move to the full senate. majority leader mitch mcconnell says he plans to hold the final photo week from today. live coverage of the u.s. senate is on c-span2. met with trump manufacturing executives this morning and talked about 2 executive orders he plans to sign that would identify trade abuses by other countries and step up collection of fees levied against foreign governments that subsidize products that can be sold at a low cost next

set at the tail end of the cold war, ronald reagan is president, the soviet union is still intact, andlear tensions are at a peak. >> how does it feel to be alive, but know that you're going to die? >> reporter: as soviet spies, the jennings do whatever it takes-- lie: >> i can't see a thing without them, and i need to see you. >> reporter: seduce, or dispatch anyone that stands in their way. >> they're working to undermine america, to fight against ronald reagan, to promote the soviet cause and defend the motherland. >> reporter: "the americans" is the brainchild of former c.i.a. officer joe weisberg, who spent years working as a russia expert. he teamed up with long-time tv producer joel fields to create the series, which is loosely based around the true story of a set of russian spies caught operating in the u.s. in 2010, and deported. >> it's about trying to live and work and prosper while working deep undercover, while lying to your family. and what that's like-- the strains that that puts on a marriage. it's very much a show about a marriage. the strains it puts on a family becau

putin wanted to bring everybody from the former soviet union back together into this economic union.o do so, you needed ukraine to be part of it. all of ukraine. not just crimea. he wanted all ukrainians to be a 45 million part of this union, because those are consumers and those are places for trade and investment. belarus and kazakhstan wasn't enough. that was a central focus of the foreign policy at the time i was an ambassador. i heard a lot about it at the time. anybody buy anything made in russia here? what did you buy? >> vodka. mr. mcfaul: did you buy it here or there? both. vodka, that is one. you can buy -- in the park. they are really strong beer. i would not advise it. the point is, there are very few things that russia exports abroad that is made in russia. but in ukraine, ukrainians are consumers that by a lot of things made in russia. so to make this work, you need all of ukraine, not just crimea. so why is it suddenly pivoting the other way, ensuring that ukraine would never join this eurasian economic union as a result of his annexation of crimea and intervention in

the eastern bloc and ultimately the soviet union unravelled.utin was never a communist hard-liner but for him this was a humiliation on a national scale. he's called the collapse of the soviet union the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the century. nato expanded, it left its mark on putin who was rising through the ranks. in 1998 he became head of the fsb which replaced the kgb. the russian economy was collapsing. boris yeltsin the first democratically elected and allegedly corrupt president of the new russia was running out of time. he decided to anoint a trusted successor someone who will protect him from prosecution, he turned to his spy master, the quiet man without a face. putin seemed loyal and capable. one of his first act was to grant yeltsin full immunity. putin had his own goals, he was going to reclaim russia's lost glory. for 17 years, he's ruled russia with an iron hand and projected russian power all over the world, suppressing muslim separatists with a bloody war in chechnya, invading georgia, annexing crimea and supporting r

the city's architecture reflelects the country'y's pastt as papart of the soviet union. georgia gained independence in 1991 and is now striving to become a member of the euroropen union. but it is still a country in transitition. tthe tbilisi based p pedestrian rights organization iaiare pekht is working to promote the rights of pedestrians in georgia. in georgia and other s soviet states, the united nations democracy fund, undef, supports the transition to democracy by funding local civil society organizations such as iare pekhit. annika: this is not a project about road safety. this is a project about giving people power, particularly pedestrian power. i it's about putting g pe aat the centerer of society rarr than cars. narrator: in recent years, the volume of traffic on the streets of tbilisi has grown at an alarming rate. legislation to meet the increased road use hasn't moved at the same pace. the majority of people don't own cars, but pedestrians, including the elderly and people with disabilities, are never given priority on the streets. traffic on rustaveli aven

the eastern bloc and ultimately the soviet union unravelled. putin was never a communist hard-liner but for him this was a humiliation on a national scale. he's called the collapse of the soviet union the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the century. nato expanded, it left its mark on putin who was rising through the ranks. in 1998 he became head of the fsb which replaced the kgb. the russian economy was collapsing. boris yeltsin the first democratically elected and allegedly corrupt president of the new russia was running out of time. he decided to anoint a trusted successor someone who will protect him from prosecution, he turned to his spy master, the quiet man without a face. putin seemed loyal and capable. one of his first act was to grant yeltsin full immunity. putin had his own goals, he was going to reclaim russia's lost glory. for 17 years, he's ruled russia with an iron hand and projected russian power all over the world, suppressing muslim separatists with a bloody war in chechnya, invading georgia, annexing crimea and supporting

>> hudson institute michael durand on his book "ikes gamble" what is trying to prevent is the soviet union coming in and align withing nationalist, undermining the british and taking control the oil in the middle east. 100% of the european oil came from the middle east. sew wanted to make sure we had friendly arab regime not aligned with the united states, at least keep the soviet union out. that's the goal. >> nfl players an counsel bolden and mall con james keynes talked to members of congress on way toes to improve community -- and the criminal justice system. the this is an hour and 45 minutes.

not aligned with united states but keep the soviet union up.that was the goal. >> sunday night at eight eastern on

. >> what he's trying to prevent is the soviet union coming in, aligning with the nationalists, undermining the british and taking control of the oil of the middle east. we cared about the oil because it was 100% of european oil came from the middle east. so, we wanted to make sure that e had friendly arab regimes -- that would, if not align with the united states, at least keep the soviet union out. that's the goal. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span's q&a. >> the chair and ranking member of the senate intelligence committee held their first news conference since opening an investigation into russia and the 2016 elections. chair richard burr and ranking member mark warner both said the scope of the investigation will go wherever the intelligence leads them.

not aligned with united states but keep the soviet union up. that was the goal. >> sunday night at eight eastern on q&a. >> george washington university recently held a form on fighting online radicalization and extremism with tech experts and government officials. this portion included a keynote address. introductions were made by the extremism program director. >> want to extend a welcome to our guests from the international diplomatic corporate officials of the no space government including representatives from the department of state, justice and homeland security and the federal bureau of investigation. also officials from allied governments and guests from technology, internet, and media sectors. this conference was two years in the planning and i originally discussed the idea with our alumni, surely after she was appointed minister of internet safety and security for the united kingdom and may 2015. you'll have the privilege of hearing from her in a few moments. the idea we discussed was convene a global conference to bring together gove

cold war, many wondered whether nato could or should survive absent the glaring threat of the soviet union which tied together a diverse coalition of western countries. that soviet threat held the alliance together through myriad issues and challenges of burden sharing, nuclear doctrine and how to balance the roles of the european union and the security alliance. the united states as a global super power was at times criticized for not paying enough attention to the alliance and at other times for its heavy-handed leadership. when the berlin wall came down, nato was forced to evolve. at its core the alliance is not only about defeating a common threat, but also about common values. when our nation was attacked on september 11, nato acted on september 12 and invoked article 5 of the washington treaty for the first time in history. and nato partners have worked to assist us in the war on terror ever since. about russian resurgence and quests for renewed greater power status, nato has given notice that it will stand up for western democracies as well, and has continued to do so. let's be clea

was no possible way of any kind of relationship with the united states, he does reach out to the soviet union. he puts himself in direct -- let's call it -- a direct confrontational situation with the united states. we were not in a position where we would let a soviet satellite state be so close. this was not sort of reaching out to the soviets, this was a full embrace of soviet ideology. i would like to call castro a born-again communist, in many ways he was. when he came back from his trip and realized he would have to reach out and embrace the other major power in the world, he very quickly started adopting a lot of these marxist and leninists terminology was not using before. it worked. he and khrushchev had a strong alliance, as we know from the missile crisis and the amount of weapons and aid that went to cuba. there is a lot of history here, we will not cover all of it. we will focus more on our attempts to get rid of him. we will get to the bay of pigs, that is one of the big stories. there were schemes that were brought up and thought of prior to the bay of pigs. some are worth noti

to criticize the soviet union for its lack of human rights.hat is new to is -- is to criticize her allies in the 1970's for their lack of individual freedoms and rights in a broader spectrum. questioning that goes on, you can advocate for human rights in a cold war context against the soviet breed -- union, or a non-cold war context. war you question the cold security paradigm, that leads to criticisms of your own closest allies in a lot of cases. i think that is part of the reason you have that focus and material support that cuba lacked. you cannot pull that military aid and make a big statement about how you are no longer --porting cuba become a bit because at ship has sailed. what leverage do you have left to entice changes in behaviors? warming of relations could do that. >> additional questions? >> i am a professor of jewish cruz.s at uc santa i wanted to thank you all for a fantastic panel, and enjoyed all of your talks. i will start with a question for matthew, then one that may comments. petra's first matthew, i want to push you more

always soft on the soviet union, going back to the excommunicate. >> tucker: reagan obviously hated soviet communism. >> there was no animosity toward the russian people. he really knew -- he abhorred the idea of nuclear war but he was obsessed with defeating the soviet union in the cold war but he knew to beat an idea with a better idea -- she was once -- he was once flying over the maryland suburbs on marine one on his way to andrews air force base. he was looking out the window and he said mr. president, what do you see down there? he says, "i've got to get gorbachev to see what we have here. we have a better idea for governance, prosperity and freedom and opportunity here than they have there." >> tucker: your book is about the years between reagan's attempt to become the republican nominee and then his victory in 1980. what did he do to make that possible? what's the lesson? >> that's what the book is about, of course. he took advantage of every political opportunity that was handed to him.oo it was a time of almost a conservative enlightenment,, coming into fold. -- coming into full

in less than 2a hours the soviet union lost a n less than 2a hours the soviet union lost an elderly sikhor. we heard these gunshots. then they started firing at hearts and we were all petrified. james earl ray sentenced to 99 years and due for parole when he is 90. he travelled to nashville prison in an eight car convoy. what did feel like to be married at last? it feels fine, thank you. will it change your life much? i don't know, i've never been married before. this is newsday on the bbc. i'm rico hizon, in singapore. our top stories: the us ambassador to the un nikki haley says north korea's leader is not rational, as the united nations discuss how to respond to pyongyang's ballistic missile tests. the white house has promised to get tough on people who leak classified information after thousands of documents said to detail cia hacking tools were published online. it's being called one of the greatest comebacks in football. barcelona have beaten paris saint—germain 6—1 at home, to reach the european champions league quarterfinals. the spanish champions had lost the first leg of the ti