that the united states andthe soviet union had . this system they controlled over other countries that competed on an international system. in a way it's not surprising from 1945, it is these two countries that are the largest in the international area so conflict has been moved to the ideological differences. that didn't in itself produce the international system but when the outcomeof the second world war was the soviet union and the united states became the privileged international powers, then the ideological bipolarity pointed in that direction . so what i say in the book is if i think that conflict was very likely and it was pushed in a direction that would not be surprising,wasn't surprising for anyone who lived through that period but the cold war as an international system, as a full-fledged work , that is perhaps the surprising, even perhaps avoidable part and i discussed this at length in the book. more about it later on. part of the reason why i'm so preoccupied with the early part of the 20th century, link to outcomes i

. >> up next on "reel america," we continue to look at 1980's cia video briefings on the soviet union. soviet internal propaganda is a 15 minute film detailing what the cia argues is a vast system of indoctrination which discourages individualism and encourages passive acceptance of kremlin rule from cradle to grave. in 2011, the cia information management service declassified over 200 documents according -- regarding intelligence on the soviet union that the cia provided at reagan administration. included in the release were video briefings traded by the director of intelligence for policymakers. [video clip] >> the soviet communist party has not faced a serious internal threat to its political rule since the 1920's. yet after years of forced sacrifices by the population, shortages of food and clothing process. housing remains inadequate. intellectual and artistic expression are stifled. and growing corruption reaches all levels of society. the soviet people respond with the public displays of cynicism, but they almost never openly challenge the authority of the leadership. the sovie

host: when did the soviet union become the soviet union? prof. taubman: 1922, 1923. the soviet union replaced soviet union -- russia which replace the russian empire. host: why? prof. taubman: lennon wanted to set up more than a nationstate. he wanted to set up an international stage. he believed that all of these countries, former countries, coming together would form a kind of colonel of the world he wanted to see come about in the end. nations joining together in the spirit of proletarian internationalism. there was an element of compulsion and force. some were forced to join. others were given the idea of independence. the national anthem, a parliament. sometimes a foreign minister. but it was phony because the real power was in the hands of the communist party which was quickly centralized. host: the language, i want to run a clip of mr. gorbachev when he came in for the interview and the question had to do, can you speak english? >> do you understand english? >> to some extent, yes. when one meets with people often and when you talk about things as you would tr

ninety nine days the soviet union is breaking apart. that the members of the russian federation would have to find their own way politically and economically. with love so it was an incredibly difficult task. given this democracy was a lie because the elections where for all it's a privatization was robbery the soviet union's heritage we're just russia stand today and moscow's empire our series starting november fifth on the w. one. it's after the hero dies that the legend is born. the legend of her nest. better known by the name chain is no exception to the rule like all legends it is based on reality a reality that has gradually slipped into an imaginary universe in which the hero is no longer a living being but in this a life in the public eye and an early death were enough to make a legendary icon of revolutions. you know fast effective going off faster bush was. so good they had a poor childhood. his parents were very much what we call today bohemian was ahead of their time. his father was somewhat of an eccentric in an anarchist a

in the former soviet union, the ukraine and other soviet republics were permitted at the end of the cold war to basically peacefully establish their own independence. and i know it's not as simple as that, but it happened in a peaceful way in which thousands of lives were not lost trying to force groups of people who do not want to be under moscow's control and those people, whether in the ukraine or elsewhere in the battleics or the balkans, they have the rights. people were permitted to have an independent government free from being only suppressed by moscow and have to follow its orders. that happened relatively peacefully. if that not happened, there would be nuck conflict and communism faltered. it took a lot of prodding for us to make sure that the russians in the soviet union, in moscow understood that they could not keep people under their thumb. and it was the cold war and thank god we ended the cold war peacefully. because that was the great gift that ronald reagan gave to us and i'm proud to have served ronlt reagan as a senior speech writer to the president for 7 1/2 writers

launched into a diatribe against the soviet union or almost against soviet period listen on on t.v. so here. we have billion these missile hits that was the day che guevara went to far one could hear him backstage bowing to sylvia delegate he said something a socialist country or a country on the road to socialism had never dared to say. socialist that socialist countries had a duty to pay in arms and resources by third world countries seeking freedom and conversion in delhi in aunt clara though. they shouldn't sell arms as was the case for the soviet union in the eastern countries to be the best van there is. once back in cuba chased trance turned to suspicion when he finally met with fidel castro and as now those articles the cuban president he kept his head lowered. behind the smiling decides the tension was part of all castro tried to make contact with him with the son he disappointed but she looked away under the weight of the mute accusation. but you know this war from that moment on we give our disappeared totally as it was give ours last public appearance and from that point

they shouldn't sell arms as was the case for the soviet union in the eastern countries u.k.p. this van then. went back in cuba chased trance turned to suspicion when he finally met with fidel castro and as now those articles the cuban president he kept his head lowered. behind the smiling decides the tension with part about castro tried to make contact with him with the son he disappointed but she looked away under the weight of the mute accusation. but you know this war from that moment on give our disappeared totally it was give ours last public appearance and from that point on give are understood that he no longer belong to and cuba. said they are or you should know he was a revolutionary didn't he wanted to carry the revolution throughout the world so your bosses it was his mission in a way his urgency his life so he was sent to the congo into a fairly neutral zone not straight to south america but to a zone where he wouldn't bother the russians. it was only a war which is why he went to the congo on a totally grotesque mission as no one there was prepared for guerrilla w

a long time like the soviet union is breaking apart. that the members of the russian federation would have to find their own way to cleveland economic live would love some of it was me credibly difficult tough shit this democracy was a lie because the elections were for all of us or privatization was robbery of the soviet union's heritage where does russia step zation was robbery the soviet union territory where does russia stand today and moscow's empire were serious starting november fifth to w o. the so-called islamic state has claimed responsibility for a duel bombing in afghanistan which killed more than sixty people one blast occurred during friday prayers at a mosque in.

there was very little volatility in the soviet union prices were stable. and then they collapsed. and another time when you see this type of low volatility is in the more. dead people there's very little volatility going on very little activity happening in the market because people are dead the u.s. economy is dead because competition is dead because free markets are dead because free money is being given to the lords and oligarchs and there is no small to medium enterprise thriving in america to create the jobs and real wages and g.d.p. growth that would pay down the debt and or increase success and failure of a thriving economy and we see that in the volatility index it's like if you want the hospital and the e.k.g. machine was flat and the nurse said is there great the patient is showing no pulse . fantastic and you know that leaves are dead right the maid no no not this hospital because for every dead person we kill we get a bill from the government we're just buying back shares in our own hospital and it doesn't matter if everyone is dead we're still

we union, trust the soviet but saw it in national interest treaty. arms control an agreement with soviet union during world war ii and common enemy against adolf hitler. i disagree kim jong-un is crazy, that is something we have heard and heard it applied to his studies in ve done government and out of government, so he's both the and son and indeed the grandfather. we're all brutal, terrible dictators, but they weren't crazy. many are advocating preventative saying even though we can live with nuclear russia and hina, we can't live with nuclear north korea, he is crazy, he may wake up and push the button. not crazy, therefore, you oac -- attack him, he wouldn't respond because he knows the u.s., a logical response, a logical disconnect, attack because he is crazy, but wouldn't suffer sane, uences, he'd have a rationale response. on the military option, it may come to that. particularly if north korea attacks us or our allies fwe intelligence, we think they are about to attack us, particularly with nuclear i'm ns cht the thing concerned about more th

of it geopolitics and global leadership came at the expense of its all internal development the soviet union since put into space before many of its citizens had running water and as last put in the vast sea into regaining some of its lost international influence many of them still don't know what will it take for russia to fully turn its and i just want to discuss that i'm now joined by russia's economic development minister. and i said it's great to talk to you thank you very much for a time. now russia i think is a paradoxical country in the sounds of always being caught between playing big on the global stage and merrily getting buy a home and i think that puts your ministry in the their precarious position because development has never been our first priority will it ever be will it be because if you're stronger at home that you mean that you can be stronger globally but it is russia really strong at home at the moment it's improving it's improving the economy if you look at the results of the bus decades if you look what has happened was the. beginning of this century it's improved a l

historical justice after all the evangelical lutheran were persecuted here not only under the atheist soviet union the soviet government but also because there seemed to be german and after the second world war that of course had a lot of stigma attached to it and i just. was among the journalists who spoke to himself and he said that this is an important gesture not only for the church but also a gesture of openness towards dialogue with germany and any time ally and russian president vladimir putin need what will they be talking about do you think. well it seems that. is kind of feeling out how open putin and how open russia is to dialogue with germany and to dialogue with the west he said that they would be talking not only about the common ground that they have the common ground that they share but also about several difficult topics today. went to memorial which is a civil rights society that monitors human rights here in russia and they asked him to talk to putin about the human rights issue but steinmeyer also emphasize that one of the main things that the two leaders will be discussing is

the soviet union is breaking up part. of the members of the russian federation would have to find their own way with comically. with love was an incredibly difficult task. this democracy was a lie because the elections were a fraud say privatization was robbery the soviet union territory where does russia stand today and moscow's empire our series starting november fifth on w.

the little metal ball was launched in one thousand nine hundred fifty seven by the former soviet union as it raced against the united states to master space travel. satellite emitted a distinctive beeping sound designed to be easily picked up by a civilian radios across the globe the soviets wanted the world to know of their achievement. it was assumed with a mixture of wonder all. panicked especially from the united folks in the united states because. having the ability to put something into orbit also meant the soviet union had the ability to potentially deliver a nuclear warhead anywhere in the world. sputnik circled the earth for four months before burning up in the atmosphere but the soviet success marked only the beginning of a heated competition with the united states for dominance of the heavens. well from space now to something back here on earth that really looks out of this world because a st bernard named mochi in the u.s. state of south dakota now holds the new guinness world record for world's longest dog tongue mochi has an eight team point fifty eight seven meter tongue

to see the soviet union is british. marj. the members of the russian federation would have to find their own way politically and economically. of something it was an incredibly difficult task not misadventure because democracy was a lie but the elections were a fraud because privatization was robbery just because instead of cultivating its culture its words and language and brought forth a repulsive nationalism. the soviet union's heritage where does russia stand today and moscow's empire our series starting november fifth on g w. frank food. international gateway to the best connections all road and rail. located in the heart of europe you are connected to the whole world. experience outstanding shopping and dining offers and triallists services. biala guest at frankfurt airport city managed by from. austria set to get a new chancellor after a snap election thirty one year old sebastian kurtz's conservative people's party took first place positioning him to become europe's youngest government leader it's seen as likely that

because having the ability to put something into orbit also meant that the soviet union had the abilitypotentially deliver a nuclear warhead anywhere in the world. reporter: sputnik circle the earth for four months before burning up in the atmosphere. but the soviet success marked only the beginning of a heated competition with united states for dominance of the evidence -- of the heavens. sarah: before we go want to tell you about a st. bernard named moochie insult the coder who holds the new guinness world record for world's longest dog tongue. moochie has an 18.58 centimeter tongue which she uses to look up her fair share of peanut butter. the owner said getting her beloved dog in the guinness book of world records will make all that water and slobber they have had to clean up over the years will worth it. the cat they own certainly does not have this dog's tongue. congratulations for her place in history. with that you are now up to date. it is in a pleasure to have you with us for the past half hour. you can find out more online and on social media. do follow us. we will see you so

which i covered the former soviet union and russia on and off since 1988. the first time i had been to moscow was the reagan-gorbachev summit in 1988. moscow, at that time, was a dreary soviet city. you saw very few people in the street. over the course of the years, today moscow is like new york city, a vibrant, exciting metropolis. obviously, russia still has a lot of problems, but it really is amazing to be able to watch a country undergo a transition like that. and all countries have. you think about america going through the civil rights movement and vietnam. i was a kid during that. i remember. as a kid, i remembered those photographs and how much they impacted me. reporter: you sort of developed a fascination with russians, russian life, and the changes undergoing. is there something that held a special appeal? mr. perkins: appeals for a number of reasons. one is, for so many years -- and i think now to most of the kids today who do not remember the iron curtain -- the soviet union for so long was the enemy. to be honest with you, i never really ever

the soviet union for so long was the enemy. and to be honest with you i never really ever imagined that the cold war would ever stop. it seemed loik a permanent part of our life. that would never end. and so for me when the berlin wall fell, when the soviet union fell when this iron curtain fell, it was something that i just didn't consider would happen in my lifetime. and then to be able to go over there to former soviet union. and see it firsthand. and see it wasn't necessarily the evil empire that we were told it was. these were just amazing people. as a matter of fact, my connection began with working with russian photographers. who turned out to be some of the most amazing photographers i have ever met. >> that is what you call an interphoto. is that a thing you and several people -- >> what happened was, i actually it was in washington dc. there was an exhibition called changing reality. which was the best of soviet photography. the curator invited ten russian photographers to america. so that was what i first started tal

the soviet union is breaking up part. of the members of the russian federation we have to find their own way but it cannot neglect. the world so it was an incredibly difficult task. but this democracy was alive the elections were france or privatization was robbery the soviet union territory where does russia stand today and moscow's empires were serious starting over for w. less. money. than the. money. says the. middle east. by. venom and. golden touch. fantastic. to be did i know. zack to. and i'm done. then. that. is. just a matter. i'm to. stay get this divide us. there's the guy. on the endless but. then think i. know i. feel a bit. they got. a guy. my. own head. after you killed me. it took me a while. to get back to life again. to get back and. i know how. a true bit on. it's true it's took me. there all about. they say. one. bit. i'll find that not so true. instinctively. at home but you don't mean staying long enough. to jail. today at. home. the boy. you. are. but you only stayed long enough. to chair read up.

having the ability to put something into orbit also meant the soviet union had the ability to potentially deliver a nuclear warhead anywhere in the world. sputnik circled the earth for four months before burning up in the atmosphere but the soviet success marked only the beginning of a heated competition with the united states for dominance of the heavens. space to sports argentina and uruguay say that they will make a joint bid to host soccer world cup twenty thirty the announcement comes after talks to plan the bit at the headquarters of the argentinian soccer association when i cited bidding is still at least four years away but the south americans are already expected to face stiff competition from european nations and china europe way staged the first world cup back in one nine hundred thirty. while a thousand year old lantern festival is lighting up the night skies of hiding city in eastern china this year shows feature almost eight hundred giant lanterns from all over the region and other parts of the country. the traditional about marks the coming of the mid autumn as well as chin

me ninety nine days of the soviet union is breaking my heart. to. the members of the russian federation would have to find their own way politically and economically above some of it was an incredibly difficult task not most of. his democracy was a lie but if the elections were a fraud it would his privatization was robbery just because instead of cultivating its culture its words and language and brought forth a rookie holes of nationalism if the soviet union's heritage where does russia stand today and moscow's empire our series starting november fifth on g.w. . this is d w news live from but catalonia separatist leader calls for peaceful resistance to spain's a central government just hours off to be exact by madrid god is bush tomorrow vowed to keep working for a free country there live to madrid and bosler.

. >> the propaganda posters you drew using the skills acquired in the soviet union were truly beautifultnership -- i'm now following in your foot steps. >> translator: back then i was determined to make use of what i learned in the soviet union here in vietnam. this brings back memories. >> lam was born in 1931. after graduating from art school he joined the ministry of culture as a painter. then he went to study in the ussr, the cold war heartland of propaganda art. he spent a year in moscow and four more in kiev. one image he saw in his travels shook him to his core. >> translator: when i was studying propaganda art in the soviet union there were three key images. one was from the second world war when russia fought germany. the poster had han image of a typical russian mother holding a piece of paper in her right hand. she called out "stand up! fight for your country!" i'm vietnamese but my own country was also embroiled in war. when i saw that image i was so moved that i wanted to cry. >> here is a copy of that picture. >> rugina is homeland, much is mother. it's an authentic expres

defectors to the soviet union. you had to be a pretty strange person to defect to the old soviet union. and then he came back. state department money helped him come back. before you knew it he was campaigning, advocating for fidel castro. they were following him. they knew where he was. they were checking in with him. would you believe that neither the cia nor the fbi were really communicating, and they never told -- neither agency told the secret service where he was. i mean, there he was on the motorcade route that hugh remembers so well in a building under which the motorcade was passing in the days when a president rode in an open car. it's still hard to believe. >> it is. >> do you believe that this is going to offer more conspiracy theories, hugh? but do you think that there is -- not that there's everything we need to know here but that they have the right person, the right theory. are there still unanswered questions for you? what would you like to see answered? >> well, just like larry said, i'd like to f

the soviet union is breaking up part. of the members of the russian federation would have to find their own way but again canonically. would love it was an incredibly difficult task. this democracy was a lie because the elections were a fraud say privatization was robbery the soviet union's heritage we're just russia stand today and moscow's empire our series starting november fifth w. are not for the. things our wire that goes on there was no way. all of. them are gone. now go. wrong for the most. your. dog don't mind your. dog. he saw me. wrong i hope. a good hearing. their resume is all there. all the whole. summer long long long long run. god loves. so long long long long long . out screaming when you go there with no. i can't believe you're really going on here you just. never. make a move not. the memo. site down. and i go with. what i'm seeing but. really all. these numbers are. self here when bush. factions on agree. with who you. voted for like st. louis or any. first. class for. your. son there you are. we'll. g

and we're having the early ages you know template brings us here to years within the soviet union would you know at least of course it's having an impact on all of these people think and what they're doing i heard you say that in your ministry in particular your consciousness trying to move away from the traditional democratic vertical and make interaction within your own situation more horizontal and that's sounds very progressive and very inspiring but when you look at management studies here in russia even the westerners who come to russia that the intention of bringing the managerial practices they soon are a later version of the authoritarian styles of leadership simply because they believe that their subordinates perform better under it can you change the culture that. i'm trying so we know. i see that you're successful during your sales will take time because you know all the things i don't happen overnight you can do something. because that is old with him one week one month or even one year so it's you know the transitional period you know when the new the people are comi

in 1943 they went to the soviet union as the ambassador to the soviet union and so she switched over to edinburgh and they had an affair. and it was the middl middle and favorite daughter. so, there was this incredible atmosphere in the family during that time that ithe time that it surprising actually becausectua, churchill basically welcomed all of those three americans not only into his professional family but also into his real family. he was determined to get american support and to try to e get this way with roosevelt so he did the best to get to know these guys and to bring them in. so obviously they spent a lot of time with the churchill family. one thing led to another. >> host: you focus on those three in citizens 110. did they work together or collaborate in their efforts to get the u.s. more involved in the war? >> guest: all three of them believed intensely that america had to go to war with britain. they all believed that and then they worked to keep the allianct going.in ter in terms of their own personal relationships with each other,ac they were very close friend. th

the soviet union had 20 million people killed but they have a huge population. the polls lost 20% of the population in world war ii. >> host: in your book troublesome young men, may 1940, what was going on? >> guest: probably the most important month, in some ways, of the war. ways of the whole war, for europe, for the u.s., for everybody. may 1940 was the kind of the, cull minutetation of -- you know, it had -- germany invaded april 1, 9402, the surprise and dismay of the brits. they had not been prepared, they did not know this was about to happen. it was a huge defeat for neville chamberlain and so may 1948 was this amazing debate within the government, particularly parliament about do we continue to appease or do we finally stand up? that debate in parliament lasted two days. at the end of that debate basically was a vote, neville chamberlain won it very narrowly but he knew his days as prime minister were done. he did not have the support of many members of his party in parliament. it was an incredibly dramatic debate. winston churchill was part of it but n

ninety nine days of the soviet union is breaking heart of. the members of the russian federation would have to find their own way politically and economically well so it was an incredibly difficult task that most of us have fun with this democracy was a lie this is the lections where frauds that's the privatization was robbery. of from the soviet union's heritage where does russia stand today and moscow's empire our series starting november fifth on w. you're watching leader of the news coming to you live from berlin i'm on the thought she might thank you very much for your company our top stories this hour larry one month after the general election angela merkel is starting difficult talks to try and form a new government to succeed she will have to bridge the divide between parties from the left and the right. and president xi jinping sets out his vision for china at the start of the communist party congress he says his dream is to turn the country into a global superpower. this is inviting international journalists who have been given refu

to maintaining the soviet union just part. of. the members of the bush administration would have to find their own way politically and economically closer to it was an incredibly difficult task to not move. to move this democracy was a lot easier to lectures where fraud sense of privatization was robbery. the soviet union territory where does russia stand today and moscow's empire our series starting november fifth to. welcome back here with g w news in berlin i'm sara telling our top stories nearly one month after the german election akhil amar cole has started difficult talks to try and form a new government to succeed she will have to bridge the divide between parties from the left and the right. and kenya's chief alexion official says that it will be difficult to guarantee a free and fair vote and next week's scheduled presidential election. president xi jinping has set out his vision for china at the communist party congress which has begun in beijing he says that his dream is to turn the country into a global superpower. wel

ninety nine to the soviet union is breaking up part. of the members of the russian federation would have to find their own way politically and economically. it was an incredibly difficult job. this democracy was a lie if you got the elections where for all answer privatization was robbery the soviet union's heritage we're just russia stand today and moscow's empire our series starting november fifth on w. s. ninety five when i was five six years old it wasn't even a choice anymore i was a naturally born buyer and i continued with that by the life. of the land on your block i don't want it that. i got out. the way that i would you know they're going to hock it. was a. little. right that ass up was a song stuck in the air last night that asked us to think initially it was all good because i'm going out to see the most shocking loss and was made oh i. just wanted to. look at yourself so what you could get on top. that's a big big back the bigger the voice the leg beating that is pretty much a satisfying is a can't get heard all the facts.

there is no longer the soviet union. nato was intended to contain the soviet union. it worked. one morning the soviet union disappeared, and nato headquarters was faced with a crisis. what do we do now? they have held the alliance together for 26 years since the soviets disappeared. nato overall is useful. i will give you an example. i'm a phd in european history. i have lived in europe a number of times. when the chancellor of germany, who is a very smart woman, smart leader, when she says it is time for the europeans to leave. i got hit with this when i was in kiev the other day. i say, the morning she increases defense spending, i will take it seriously. the germans don't have a military strong enough to lead anywhere. they would be lucky to get to the german order. the europeans have to decide who they want to be. they have lived on american security and american strength since 1945. we are saying to them, george h.w. bush said to them, donald rumsfeld said that you have to do more, you're not doing your fair share. germany is one of the largest economies on the planet. the

nine hundred eighty eight the scorpions took the next step appearing for the first time in the soviet union. a year later they were at the moscow music peace festival . around that time a wind of change their biggest hit was written it became an anthem for the political changes in germany and eastern europe. does is this was what i was trying to express and wind of change was the hope that the world would change and that we that our generation and hopefully future generations too would live in a more peaceful world and the cold war would end in the. late one nine hundred ninety s. the difficulty is for the scorpion classic hard rock to become less popular fans wanted to hear alternative rock scorpions concerts didn't sell out anymore. as this is a musicians are very sensitive whether you want to or not you feel the mood out there and the feeling especially in the second half of the ninety's was that the music that we made the classic kind of hard rock was totally out old fashioned. classic time out from old fish. to school peons had to reinvent themselves they recorded the album moment of g

ninety nine days the soviet union is breaking the heart of that night but everyone knew the decision would seal everyone's face or get us there and get my sense. of. the members of the russian federation would have to find their own way politically and economically with the love so it was an incredibly difficult task for you not misadventure in effect this democracy was a license for the elections were a fraud so privatization was robbery shuras instead of cultivating its culture its roots in language brought forth the recalls of nationalism. the soviet union's heritage where does russia stand today and moscow's empire our series starting november fifth on d w. the so-called islamic state has claimed responsibility for a duel bombing in afghanistan which killed more than sixty people one blast occurred during friday prayers at a mosque in kabul.

ninety nine days the soviet union is breaking up part of. the members of the russian federation would have to find their own way politically and economically love so it was an incredibly difficult task not most of. this democracy was a lie this is the elections where fraud sets the privatization was robbery. the soviet union's heritage where does russia stand today and moscow's empire our series starting november fifth. welcome back you're watching news our top stories media reports say catalonia sacked leader carlos bush tomorrow is traveling to brussels to see lawyers the news comes as spanish state prosecutors seek charges of rebellion over his drive for catalan independence madrid has now taken political control of the region and donald trump's former campaign manager paul not afford and one of his business associates have handed themselves into the f.b.i. it's expected they will face the first charges in an independent probe into russian interference in the u.s. election. to our special series on new nationalism that as we've seen a glo

me, that was my first year in the soviet union and russia. i lived there one year and i believe anyone who starts out onto a new assignment, i was there working for the state department, but even working for the state department before the united states, a newspaper, a network, the most important thing -- you were there to cover the news. you want to see or hear what is going on, you want to filter through your own intelligence and tell it to us straight. do not give me a song and dance. tell you what you see and hear. tell me straight news. host: stalin dies in 1953. guest: yes. host: the korean war comes to an end, and khrushchev rises to power, under what circumstances? guest: when stalin ran the soviet union, everything went through him. he was the absolute leader and dictator. he dies and there is uncertainty. khrushchev rises to the top. he once to do something that she want -- he wants to do something different and he knew it was going to collapse. he wanted to reform it, and he attacked the legacy of joseph stalin in 1956, cutting loo

murrow, once, harriman, in 1943 went to the soviet union as u.s. ambassador to soviet union. she switched her taken shunses to edward r. murrow so they had affair. and winet had affair with churchhill's favorite, middle university today. there was incredible romantic atmosphere within the churchhill family at that time. it is not surprising actually, because churchhill basically welcomed all into his, not only his professional family but obviously into his real family. he was determined to get american support and to pull us into the war, once into the war basically try to get his way with roosevelt. he basically did his best to know these guys and bring them in. so that obviously, they were, they spent a lot of time with the churchhill family. one thing led to another. cspan: well you focus on those three in "citizens of london" but did they work together? did they collaborate in their efforts to get the u.s. more involved in the war? >> guest: from macro view they did. all three of them believed intensely, passionately, that america had to go to war to help britain. they al

ninety nine days the soviet union is breaking apart. the members of the russian federation would have to find their own way politically and economically. absolutely it was an incredibly difficult task not misadventure because democracy was a lie but the elections were a fraud because privatization was robbery just because instead of cultivating its culture its words and language it brought forth a rookie holes of nationalism. the soviet union's heritage where does russia stand today and moscow's empire our series starting november fifth on g.w. . this is a fifteen year old girl. being gang raped. his teacher is beating a boy for talking back in class. while the rest of the class watches. and here is toddlers being hit by his mother breaking up glass. as child sleeps in the streets because her family through iraq. hear. online bullying. pushes a teenager over the edge. just because you can see a vial. answer comes to children doesn't mean others and their make the invisible visible hopeless mike violence against children disappear. this