until the soviet union fell. then we began to see movies again. defiance, about soviet jewish partisans. and others that came along. i would say about the uniform, and the reference they am a guard, when the red army was first organized in the 1920s by trotski, one thing he wanted to do was to eliminate the uniform of the past, of the czarist regime. so under the czar, the uniform of a regular soldier, in many cases looked very much like the one i'm wearing. the difference being, for example, they would have the raised collar, and they would epilets. so he took the uniform and said i would to make it a working man's army. when you go to work, you have a suit that has a lay-down collar. so as we saw on the 41 of that book, that was what we call the early war uniform. and it was just a simple smoke like this. but as the war progressed, there was more and more conference to the past. to the heroics of the military achievements under the czar. so a lot of the changes were made to kind of encourage that, to reenforce that. the uniform was now changed ba

he dies a noble death fighting for the soviet union. then over here is also another one. it depicts partisans to some degree having the famous actors and actresses of 1940s but 1945 after that, things changed. the soviets became our enemy, we saw them very seldom in the movies, until the soviet union died and then we saw movies again. for example defiant about soviet jewish partisan and many others that came along. but as i was saying about the uniform and the reference that i am a card, when the red army was first organized, in the 1920s, one thing he wanted to do was to eliminate the uniform of the regime. under the czars the uniform of a regular soldier, and many cases looked very much like the one i'm wearing. the difference being they would have the raised collar, they would have apple lose. trotsky took the red armies that i want to make it a working man army. as we saw on the front of that form we call that the early war uniform it was a simple smock, with the laid down collar. there is more and more reference to the past. to the heroics of the military oh under the

until the soviet union fell. and then all of a sudden we began to see movies again. for example, again, "defiance." about soviet jewish partisans. and many others that came along. but as i was saying about the uniform and about the reference that i am a guard, when the red army was first organized in the 1920s by trotsky, one thing he wanted to do is to eliminate the uniform of the past. of the czarist regime. so under the czars, the uniform of a regular soldier, in many cases, looked very much like the one i'm wearing. the difference being, for example, they would have the raised collar and they would have epaulets so troske took the red army and said i want to make it a working man's army. so when you go to work you don't wear a suit that has a raised collar and epaulets, you have a suit with a lay-down collar. as we saw on the front of that book, that was what we called the early war uniform. it was just a simple smock like this with a lay-down collar and all the rank insignificaensig n the collar. more and more reference to the past, to the heroics of the hill tea

attack the soviet union. .. .. but the visit napoleons a tomb in paris after conquered paris and the knew -- and then his armies got stuck in the russian winter and famously were destroyed by that. he felt his army was much more modern, would do better, but just in case, we'll attack in may. then he is distracted in may by a coup in belgrade of a puppet government and he attacked russian the exact day napoleon did. he comes roaring in, i his armies come in because this is the period where i think you get the remark that event thomas made but the back about someone is interesting the stupidest years. almost you had a competition between hitler and stalin, who could be the most student dictator, hitler would have to lose, stalin was not refusing to believe what all sorts we were intelligence leaders vague, hitler is about to attack you. you better get ready and the it not even allows his troops to good on alert, not arming them probable are properly. says he doesn't want to do anything to make hitler think they were

so they come into the soviet union in that first year without uniform. he was so confident of victory so you can imagine what happen happened. it's a question almost of who can make the worst mistakes, and as a result stalling was able to hold out the panic in moscow but he manages to tie against lowly things began at the same thing here itimethere is the questione holocaust. it's no accident that it coincided with the beginning of the holocaust. it was the fulfillment of hitler's pledge to exterminate and he decides he's going to do it at all cost if i was reading the diary of a german general leading the drive on ask he says i just read when things started going badly they are being deported f from western europe o the front lines. he was outraged because he said we need winter uniforms, ammunition and so forth. so, these are the kind of things going on. during this time that this is happening, and then of course the other event is pearl harbor and the japanese attack on pearl harbor, but thehe number one thg about pearl harbor, japan attacks on the se

face and islam took firm roots here until the region came under the control of the soviet union in the 1920 s. . this marked the start of an era in which atheism became states policy. many muslim leaders were exiled or killed. mosques were closed or destroyed. despite years of state oppression towards religion many people here in azerbaijan held on to their faith. since regaining independence in 1991 many azerbaijanis have once again turned to islam seeking to reassert their identity and fill the ideological fuck you left behind by the collapse of the soviet union. this is some us element of a 31 year old mother of 2. she is one of the muslim school the travelling from. to perform the house pilgrimage to mecca. before leaving she's off to visit her mother . until. 4. days to save it are. most selfish person or if your assertion is that a man is an issue she will warn us. that their. rights are certain makes their. search. immaterial right it's as it. happens. i mean i was exposed to islam from an early age as a teenager she started going to the mosque where she learned how to read and

war we went quite quickly from being the alleys of the soviet union world war ii to being att odds withm within just a few years. why was that? it was partly the classic yterritorial issues that the soviet unionac appeared to be expanding in all directions. but it was also technological soviet union was stealing technology and stole the atomic bomb design through its spy network. and in many ways cold war was kind of technological race that produced the space race as well as the nuclear arms race. fast forward to the late 20th century for a time, the united states and the people's republic of china a strategically aligned 50 years ago nearly since he began opening to china as a move against the soviet union in the first cold war, it was very smart. it split the communist world to have the u.s. and china alined against soviet union and worked brilliantly from a economic point of view in a sense that raptd growth in the late 20th and early 30th century wassed a vainro agous for all concern and probably more for china. only m relatively recently, i think has america begun to wonder if it h

think when you look at technology, china is, in many ways far closer to united states than the soviet uniongot. the soviets were only able to copy our military hardware. in civilian terms they never got close. >> you mentioned the president. he's been signaling this is been a problem. has his tariffs on china slowed china down, had an effect on china? >> they have. they slowed down china, not massively but the cost to china impact is roughly four times greater than the impact on the u.s. economy. conventionally liberal economists say this is all crazy because the tariffs not paid by china, their paid for by american consumers. that isn't quite true. some of the cost of being absorbed by chinese companies as they try to offset the impact of the tariffs. i think the most important cost is being borne by the chinese economy as a whole. it has significantly slowed down. it probably will grow at around 6.1% in the second half of this year. that's a lot higher than you will see in any developed economy but relative to the double-digit rates of growth that china saw ten years ago, it's really quit

the forces of freedom that we are trying to reverse communism's hole on the soviet union and eastern europe. >> what's the connection between march 30 and may 13, 1981? >> ronald reagan was shot. here in washington, not far from where we are right now. up by the washington hilton, he was shot by john hinckley. he was never part of any international conspiracy. he was trying to get the attention of jodie foster, the actress that could have shot somebody else. that day, he looked in the newspaper, they beat the washington star and saw ronald reagan was speaking basically across the street and i think they print the president's itinerary and address in the paper today like they did back then but he saw look at this, i know where he will be. 2:25 p.m., ronald reagan was walking out after speaking to a cio audience and hinckley was 2 there and fired a number of times, 22 devastator exploder that exploded on impact. he hit a number of people. he also hit ronald reagan. it also attire of a car and sliced into dime sized, flattened diamond, razor edge on, it was in centimeters, the main valv

back to 1921 when armand hammer and his family received a soviet concession to do business in the soviet unionthis is directly from lenin. in return, we now know because of material that has become available from russian archives, in return for that concession, hammer was laundering soviet money coming into the united states to support the american communist party. the its beginnings, american communist party was a tool of soviet foreign policy, and that continued until the 1930's and 1940's. 1950's, the american communist party was pretty much dead. it was no longer quite as useful to the soviets as a tool to influence american policy. host: another key player, john tunney, who was he? guest: he was the son of the former heavyweight champion of the world. he was elected to the united states senate from california. he was a close friend of ted in 1978, or 1979, ted kennedy intervened with the kgb. a document surfaced from russian archives, again after the collapse of the soviet union, indicating that ted kennedy had urged the soviet union to give a contract for the olympics, for the moscow oly

very quickly we went from being allied to the soviet union to being the enemy of the soviet unions.in subsequent years, we tended to suppress the fact that most of the killing was taken place on the eastern front. there was more ambiguity at the heart of western strategy in the second world war. we beat the nazis because we align ourselves with the communists. somehow we have to grapple with that central ambiguity of the war when we think about setting wars. >> in the 1930s, the u.s. was a nation, the american first movement about half the nation was relations, you stay out of the war. the other half of the nation probably brought into the war. president roosevelt walking a tight rope. helped the u.s. to become arsenal of democracy and use the selective service act and a lot of things were done by the u.s. government to help britain and its allies fighting the nazis. after the japanese attacked pearl harbor, they went away overnight, they were a united nation. would you comment upon that? >> that's a great question. it's a focus on a lot of my book. he was very focused on taking mea

but it disappeared for a long time under the soviet union. for example to train thai gunsight dogs to hunt and also to train birds to hunt these ancient traditions weren't allowed to ring the soviet union. this year the celebration of the cag is hunting heritage here in the e.c. cool region has attracted around $100.00 competitors from across the country as well as international tourists i'm very impressed why he's for additional games and especially for me i think the past was beautiful is when we hadn't. was. with the revival of sa group huntsman like i fix when i'm on by i can now hope that the special bond between the golden eagle and the kindest people will be kept alive for generations to come. in hong kong though any special bond that existed between the government and the people seems to be breaking every day as protests continue and for the 2nd day running for test has disrupted operations of the international or under the top of the airport again today the show of defiance follows an increase in the use of force by police that anti-

and the soviet union, which very effectively kept its role secret and sent in pilots to fly lanes that engaged in the air war with the united states. my focus today is on the soviet role in the air war which is the origins of the book and dissertation that it is based on and one of the most interesting , aspects, i think of it. , first i want to talk about some soviet documents. some of these came from the wilson center. and one of the soviet documents that we now have access to is a translated end of war report by , the commander of the soviet air division that was sent to engage in the air war during the korean war. and that report included notres, internal report, for public consumption, for accounting purposes in the soviet military bureaucracy. it reported that the soviet aircrews, which entered in november 1950 and stayed active through the end of the war, shot down 1097 enemy aircraft during the war, enemy being american aircraft. they suffered 319 soviet lost aircraft and 110 pilots that were killed. the missions they were flying were to protect bridges that spanned the river t

remember the soviet union, when it was all together?t was all together, before they decided we got to call ourselves russia. >> yeah that. >> just got together and we're all together but we got to call ourselves russia. that is one way of looking at it. there are competing theories, and it is in disagreement with the historical analysis by a certain historian, donald j. trump. . >> russia used to be the soviet union. afghanistan made it russia. because they went bankrupt fighting in afghanistan, russia. and literally they went bankrupt. they went into being called russia again as opposed to the soviet union, you know. a lot of these places you're reading about now are no longer a part of russia. oriasis, little things can be a big deal. that's why there's otezla. otezla is not a cream. it's a pill that treats plaque psoriasis differently. with otezla, 75% clearer skin is achievable. don't use if you're allergic to otezla. it may cause severe diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. otezla is associated with an increased risk of depression. tell y

three years the soviet union sent you're aeeureka guard the person ins say. president nixon said i hope this nation will land a man on the moon and return him safely to earth earth, and wanting to have a part of the soviet union, nasa began to work on reaching that goal. >> my team and i began the trajectory for the mission. 23 years, alan b. shepherd became the first american to fly in space. >> in 1962, john glenn orbited earth. nasa had recently acquired their first ibm computer which is programmed to calculate the trajectory and the manufactured computers were known to make mistakes. now that the machine did most of the comp tagutation for nasa, h computers were not needed as much and they were putting their lives in the hands of electronic machines. a day before john glenn flew, he refused to get into the spacecraft unless katherine johnson personally double-checked the numbers. he said get the girl to check the numbers. if she says they're good i'm ready to go. >> it took me a day and a half to verify what the computer his given him. i worked through ev

the soviet union sent the first human in space. president john f. kennedy said i believe that this nation should commit itself to the goal before this decade is out of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to earth. wanting to have part in exploring the space frontier, and afraid of the soviet union's new military advantage, nasa began to work on reaching that goal. my team and i performed an analysis for the mission. 23 days after the orbit of earth. he became the first american to fly in space. in 1962. john glen orbited earth. nasa has recent hi acquired this first ibm computer programmed to calculate the trajectory. but manufactured computers were known to make mistakes. human computers were not needed as much. but they were hesitant in putting their lives in the hands of giant machines. they refused to get in the spacecraft unless catherine republican johnson checked the numbers. he says get the girl to check the numbers. if she says they're good. i'm ready to go. >> i worked through every unit of calculation. when i delivered the

we knew we would criticize them in the soviet union and when we got back. we met people who told us about what the conditions were really like for soviet jews. i came back, i criticized the soviet union. >> and that was actually an adversarial government. america and israel are not adversarial. >> but the soviet union didn't shut its doors to us. and actually some positive things came from those trips. one of the things that came out of it was a corporation agreement over evidence about nazi war criminals living in the united states which would never have been possible if we had not gone there. so important things can come out of congressional meetings with people in other countries. one, you can voice your displeasure to the government officials. two, you can actually learn much more about how these countries are working, both for good and for bad, if that's the case. and why would you stop it? >> and your mind would broaden. so if people think that rashida tlaib and ilhan omar don't have a correct view of what's going on in israel, they were going to go th

on august 23rd 1939 germany's foreign minister and the soviet union agreed on an unusual contract in moscow they signed a non-aggression pact the 2 sides pledged to refrain from any act of violence any aggressive act and any attack against each other. the world was shocked up until that point hitler's nazi germany and stalin's communist soviet union had been ideological opponents but what no one knew was that the contract contained a secret additional protocol. in it the 2 countries divided up eastern and north eastern europe among themselves the soviet union planed finland estonia latvia the eastern part of poland and later also lithuania nazi germany claimed the western part of poland. just one week after signing the pact when september 1st $939.00 germany invaded neighboring poland that was the start of the 2nd world war which would eventually claim millions of lives. and joining me now in the studio is veronica priest mike touch a political scientist at european academy in but thank you so much for joining us today veronica i suppose to put it quite simply would wild to have happ

come 2 days after washington withdrew from an arms control treaty it had signed with a former soviet union in 1970 s. process he'd like to see warheads in place in the coming months but it will likely take longer well those were the headlines the news continues on al-jazeera after inside story structure that's watching. the saudi u.a.e. war on yemen has led to thousands of. libyans hungry what role has the u.s. played in the world's worst humanitarian crisis is the entity that has the right to begin and end wars robert malley a top advisor on the middle east to president obama talks to al jazeera. is it the end of u.s. and russian arms control pulled out of their cold war era nuclear treaty blaming moscow for failing to comply and raising fears of a new nuclear arms race so what chance of a new agreement maybe even with some new players this is inside story. hello everyone i'm kemal santa maria welcome to inside story for 32 years it was the treaty that kept a lid on the nuclear ambitions of what were then the world's 2 superpowers and now overnight it's gone the united states has pulled o

the americanves of servicemen's union on 60 large military installations in the united states and 40 overseas. just as the bolshevik party inanized through the soviets917 against the czar and the oppression in russia, the american servicemen's union is organizing soviets within the u.s. imperialist army. the only line that is going to lead to victory and revolution is the proletarian line in the army. and they know that whoever can command the allegiance of the rank-and-file troops, that command is going to be decisive in revolution or counterrevolution. and right now, the american servicemen's union is building an army with an army, worker's militia inside the u.s. army command along with panthers and others where going to make that revolution. [applause] power of the people. >> we are going to wind this session up with national committees, plural, to combat fascism. want to talk about how we can create the new party, the new mass people's party, however you want to phrase it. yes, we should create a party. the black panther party says yes. right we need to parallel un-american liberation front in america. we say that needs to be done. we are sayin

and the former soviet union can it not be argued that this treaty was actually salit especially given the rise of other powers like china and the development of new weapons systems that is something the united states has argued and others as well but i think the question here was not whether it needed to be updated and certainly not whether russia needed to come into compliance with the existing treaty but whether it would be better to kill it as you work on creating this new accord this new hope for accord and i think that's where the europeans were uncomfortable with declaring the i.n.f. defunct but is now that's the deal that's today as secretary general of nato says they simply have to adjust to living in a post i.m.f. world and that's something we'll be hearing from him later on today gerri thank you so much t w as teri schultz in brussels. the u.s. china trade war just got worse u.s. president donald trump has announced an additional 10 percent tariff on $300000000000.00 worth of chinese imports it comes as beijing and washington are laying the groundwork for a new round of trad

i was born in the soviet union.n a gulag because he owned a business and socialists decided that was no longer legal. - that's truly horrific. would bernie be sending small business owners to forced labor camps? - obviously, soviet union was an authoritarian society with no democratic rights, and i think if you know history, you'll know that democratic socialists stood up and fought against that. you can look about what existed in the soviet union or in venezuela. that is not what i'm talking about at all. - so no one's going to the gulag. well, except-- no. [laughter] - okay. fact check: the examples of failed socialism that critics use are not socialist democracies but authoritarian states led by corrupt, ruthless, and paranoid dictators, but i do have one real problem with socialism: i like money. you know, tv's going kind of good for me right now, and i'm thinking of writing a successful book. is socialism still for me if i'm a millennial millionaire? - i mean, it depends on what's your heart. if what you say in

in 1957, the first satellite in space raceed a between america and the soviet union. someaid the russians had -- nasa sent someone up to look down as well. three years later, the soviet union sent someone into orbit, the first human in space. president john f. kennedy said "i believe that this nation will commit itself to the goal of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to earth." >> wanting a part in exploring the space frontier, nasa began to work on reaching that goal. >> my team and i performed the trajectory analysis. 23 these -- 23 days after the russians went to space, alan b sheppard became the first american in space. acquired theirly first ibm computer, program to calculate the trajectory. but these manufactured computers were known to make mistakes. supercomputers were not needed much. that astronauts were hesitant of putting their lives in the hands of electronic machines. flew, heore john glenn refused to get into the spacecraft unless katherine johnson personally double checked the numbers. he said "get the girl to check the numbers. if she

if $987.00 the historic agreement between the soviet union and the united states. and ronald reagan signed the i.n.f. treaty marking a change of course after decades of cold war nuclear tension. the root of the tension was this the soviet s s 20 missile a nuclear warhead that could strike western europe at short notice. that worried those european countries on the other side of the iron curtain were well within the missiles reach of 5 and a half 1000 kilometers. the u.s. response was to deploy its own mid range pershing missiles in europe that was met with protests across the west the demonstrations showed demand for a new direction the result was the i.n.f. treaty it banned all ground launched ballistic missiles with ranges of between 505 and a half 1000 kilometers the soviet union got rid of 1846 intermediate range missiles in the united states about half as many. by $991.00 a total of $2692.00 missiles were destroyed. now president onil trump has officially withdrawn the u.s. from the treaty washington and its nato allies say russia has deployed new intermediate

new global arms race his comments came as a nuclear weapons treaty dating from the days of the soviet union collapsed. the ending of the intimidated grange nuclear forces the i.n.f. agreement doesn't have a limit on awesomeness of both the u.s. and russia stilton bank says russia is to blame because it has developed a new cruise missile. we will not mirror what threshold us we don't want a new on surface and we have no intention to deploy the new land based nuclear me sides in europe nato continues to aspire for a construct relationship with russia when russia else actions make that possible so that was an aegis sector general yes staunton back now while the u.s. and russia blame each other for ending the iron if treaty both sides of calling for restraint the deal was originally joined up to defuse cold war tensions here's a look back at how the landmark treaty came about. 987 the historic agreement between the soviet union and the united states. about how and ronald reagan signed the i.n.f. treaty marking a change of course after decades of cold war nuclear tension. the root of the tension

and what was then the soviet union in 1978 banned all short and medium range missiles both nuclear and nonnuclear with the exception of weapons launched from the sea within 4 years and the $2700.00 missiles were destroyed in both countries were allowed to inspect each other's installations but washington's withdrawal means there is now only one arms control agreement left between the u.s. and russia that is the new start treaty which limits long range nuclear weapons in both countries and is considered the most important agreement reached during the cold war but the u.s. national security advisor john bolton already says new start won't be extended beyond its deadline of february 2021 so we're going to discuss in a moment what will happen next with our panel but 1st this report from our white house correspondent kelly octaves. it's a treaty u.s. president donald trump has repeatedly accused russia of violating right guys not adhering to the agreement that should have been done years ago the intermediate range nuclear forces treaty was signed in 1087 by then u.s. president ronald reagan

and soviet union alone testing nuclear the 1960's. if we're going to go back to a period of testing weapons, i fear our escscalating rarates of cancer, espepecially thyroroid cancers which are often chart, will continue to cause a real problem for human health globally. amy: you just came from estonia where people in the baltics -- were the people in the baltics concerned about what is taking place? >> yes. but they're even more concerned about how they're going to solve the fossil fuel problems. , electricityle oil and the tiny country in the baltics, and they make a very big footprint in terms of producing carbon into the atmosphere. green partieswo in estonia and are both on the right and both went to them at two nuclear reactors. a lot of people are nervous about it. they have lived in the shadow of chernobyl for the last 30 years. amy: where going to go to a break and come back to talk about what happen in chernobyl and what lessons can be learned. kate brown is a professor of science, technology and society at m.i.t., specializi

i was a reporter as you mentioned for a long time in the soviet union . a lot of books that were written about the war focused, my friend from the washington post rick atkinson wrote three books about the liberation trilogy about the american role in the second world war. but we're now beginning to explore the role of other countries and the role of the soviet union and we're beginning to integrate over the last few years the types of communism, a huge amount of material has come from the archives of the soviet bloc. we're trying to integrate their stories with the stories that we've been familiar with in the west. i think there's a lot more to done be done on that. i think there's more to be understood about the relative sacrifices of russia and america. so in historiography, there's a phase where the victors write their own history and then there's a phase where there's a phase of questioning those accounts and then finally a phase of the census and trying to draw on all the evidence and i think that's the phase that we're in at the moment. >> mister ke

shapiro before, who's from the soviet union, i was there in the 70's.n the soviet union, if you were charged with a crime against the state, you could not get a lawyer. we figured out a terrific technique. i was representing refuseniks, people who were trying to get out of the country, and they wouldn't let him out, so what we finally did is we signed up a bunch of jewish lawyers to be our co-counsel, and the next day they all got exit visas. [laughter] so people werez: saying, you wanna get out of the soviet union? join the dershowitz defense team. we got a whole bunch of people out that way. >> and you know, you mentioned president trump, i want to talk about trump, we're going to talk about the muller report, we're going to talk about impeachment, but while we're on the topic of due process, and i think you'll find a roomful of people here at the steamboat institute who value due process and the presumption of innocence, but i want to ask you about the me too movement, because this is something that has affected our at least our cultural perceptions

ventured off the planet into space and all the way to the moon, when the united states and the soviet union began sending craft out to explore the nearby planets. all of this was exciting, thrilling, and people just flocked into the museum to see it. >> in the 40 years since the building opened, we have continued to acquire treasures of space history. we have now about 17,000 artifacts related to space history. we have just over 1000 of them on display in two locations here in the washington area, and then we have another 1500 on display and other museums around the world. >> in the tour today, we are going to look at some of the original artifacts that were the stars of the show when the national aerospace museum opened and we are also going to look at artifacts from history that have been made since then. we will start our tour right here with the lunar module. the icon for the landing on the moon in july 1969. it actually has a companion spacecraft that the apollo command module and, the command module for the service module in the lunar module together carried three astronauts, neil arm

as part of the cold war competition with the soviet union. so in the become of everybody's mind, there was still a space station. skylab was the first step toward what now has become the international space station. a huge new facility in earth orbit. now this behemoth behind me is actually the backup skylab space station. it is flight ready. nasa built two of them in case they wanted to do two skylab missions or in case there was some hardware problem with the first skylab orbital workshop. we did make a modification to it. ordinarily, we don't modify flight-ready hardware. but this case, we cut a passage way, two doors into it and laid down a sort of hallway right through the middle of this living quarters so people who visit the knew seem can walk inside skylab. they can see the living quarters. they can look into the bathroom. they see a mannequin at the table with some food out on the table. the shower is set up there. the exercise bicycle is in plain view. they can see the trash air lock right there. and if they look up, they can just b

more to do, maybe, with the soviet union collapsing from within. but it's definitely true that reagan, by standing tall and building up our military and -- you know, that was intimidating to the soviets. they realized they didn't have the technology we did. that image of the desk in the kremlin with all the telephones because they couldn't have one telephone. and they were spending themselves on military spending into kind of ruin, and they couldn't keep up, and so you could make an argument -- i read an argument that reagan kind of did outbluff the soviet union. also heard that argue. criticized by people saying there are many other factors. this is not a period i'm really well-versed in and i could quickly outrun my supply lines here. >> host: well, evan thomas, given your 40-50 years of being a washingtonian and inside in a sense, what is that one quality that every u.s. president seems to have? >> guest: well, a need is judgment. judgment. but judgment is a broad spectrum of things. they all have am and is have a lust for power because they mus

the soviet union was broken could not do both. constrained defense spending to and is absolutely needed the mystic spending should be what is needed to take care of care of ournd take infrastructure and our education and the other things we need. everything should be on the table. it was a mistake to not accept the proposal that came from , that would have been a start because everybody would have had to come to the table ready. not pass physical muster and we are trying to get beyond that. ,ne thing we have to do somehow we cannot keep spending $3 trillion a year and only taking into trillion dollars a year. we can't run a 7-eleven like that. how can we run a country like that? the answer is we borrow the money and our grandkids will pay for it. starting to figure out how to bring our government spending down which means all of us have to give up something. i can think of several things to take away from this tomorrow. there are ways to cut spending in a sensible way and reform our tax code which is terrible and get rid of loopho

we won't be defeated by china any more than by the soviet union. we'll be defeated by ourselves and our own failure to teach the next generation the values that, well, i guess this institution stands for. >> thank you. well, i have only left to thank my fellow panelists, niall, steve, thank you very much. i want to thank you very much for spending the last hour and a half with us talking about this extremely important question of democracy's future and america's role in it. and as to the last question about teaching civics and teaching history, i hope that the next time that we do this, it will be not during spring break and that we will invite students to engage in this kind of discussion because i do think that the ideas defining a free society for which hoover stands may not be fully under attack but there is no doubt that they are not as healthy as they should be and there is no better way than to make them healthy than to have them discussed and discussed openly. so, thank you, and thank you, tom, for the opportunity to do this. >> and i want

had more to do maybe with the soviet union collapsing from within. but it's definitely true that reagan was standing tall and building of our military andnd u know, that was intimidating. they realize they didn't have the technology that we did. there's the image of the desk in the criminal telephones. because they could even have one telephone. and they were spinning themselves on military spending. into ruin. they can keep up. so he could make an argument and i brought an argument that reagan kind of did out bluff the soviet union. also heard that argument criticized by people saying there were many other factors. this is not. i am really well-versed in. i could quickly outrun my supply line two. >> evan thomas given your 40 to 50 years of being a washingtonian a insider innocen. what is that one quality that every us president needs to have. >> will call the need, is judgment. judgment is a broad spectrum of things. they all have ambition. they all have a lust for power. they have los, they couldn't get there without the summit is a necessary, i'm