the soviet union was under gorbachev. and it resembles to some extent what life was like under the breaking the breaking up period. the only difference is that russians can still with difficulty leave russia. he really has a dismantle most of that. and primarily is how bent on subjugating ukraine on, reabsorbed in ukraine into rush or into some kind of a slavic federation. so he is deliberately progressing, in essence, the collapse of the soviet union. he said that the collapse of the soviet union was the greatest geopolitical catastrophe. and he's determined to reverse that, whether he can do it, i don't know, but it's certainly the direct opposite of everything that gorbachev set in motion. and mr. tell me, do you see? then the invasion of ukraine is this vladimir putin's remedy to the disaster that occurred during gorbachev swatch. well, putin, obviously think, so i don't think so myself because it's hard to characterize a bloodbath with all kinds of horrendous consequences as a, as a remedy of. but he said this is put

he wanted to reform the soviet union. but in the end, of course, that led to the soviet union's collapse. but this is something where bab abbas was very clear. this is something that cannot be forgotten and it is something all germans understand without michelle garbage of german reunification wouldn't have been possible. it's this is just a fact and the fact that it became a peaceful process is also attributed to him. this was not a collapse where some violent force went in and essentially said this is it. the wall came down peacefully. it was brought down by the people. and this was because of that special atmosphere where you had a leader in the soviet union called mikhail gorbachev. that created that atmosphere and that gave the people the confidence that it could be done. i think for some of our younger viewers, it must be difficult to imagine what the time was like the time of glass norsen perestroika. these terms that shaped our, our discourse back at the end of the eighty's when they were leading up to the berlin

all speak to the impact that gorbachev in his policies had far beyond the borders of the former soviet union. joining me tonight to discuss the legacy or to authorities on soviet and russian history, as well as foreign policy. angela stent. she's the author of hooton's world, russian against the west and with the rest professors didn't as a senior fellow at the brookings institution. she joins me tonight from washington, and i'm also happy to welcome to the program william tubman. he is a pulitzer prize winning author. his latest book is entitled gorbachev. his life in times. and mister talbot is also in the u. s. capital to night to both of you. welcome to the program. i'm glad that you can take the time with this evening to talk about the life and legacy of mikhail gorbachev. his death became known public knowledge about 24 hours ago. the west has been emoting ever since about a great statesman inside russia. we've had a telegram from the kremlin, sent to the family, and that's about it. we in the west, it seems wish that we had had more gorbachev. and in the kremlin, you get the sense tha

he allowed for the peaceful collapse of the soviet union.e did not use massive force to keep eastern europe in the empire, and for that, he deserves credit. but it is not that this was someone who came in trying to undermine the system. he tried to reform it. reporter: gorbachev used perestroika, or restructuring, to reform a stagnant economy that had seen people short of food and consumer goods and he used glasnost, openness and freedom of speech, that led to parts of the eastern bloc rising up against communism. it was the beginning of the end of the cold war, one state after the other broke away. angela merkel, former german chancellor, spoke in her tribute of the fear in east germany, of expectation that the tanks would roll in, but quite the contrary, wasn't long before the berlin wall came down. yet now, 30 years on with the russians invasion of ukraine comes the danger of further , east-west conflict. >> russia and its president are digging new trenches in europe , and have started a horrible war in ukraine. it's now we think of mikha

territory of an independent state, described as the reunification of western ukraine with the soviet unionhe liberation of ukrainians from the centuries-old oppression of the poles, on the pages of the invasion newspapers they gave the poetic name golden september in the first months of the soviet government and really tried to flirt with ukrainians who were subjected to political, cultural and religious discrimination along with the october and soviet streets ivan franko and lesya ukrainka appeared, many ukrainians they accepted it with enthusiasm, but very quickly it turned into disappointment, and thus horror. first, the soviets attacked the intelligentsia and priests, then the peasants, and the rest, many hours of interrogations, torture , shootings and deportations became the masses. how many died then is still unknown. but only in june 1941 in prisons more than 20,000 galicians were killed. the golden september of 1939 became red with blood because in lviv, even on september 17, not only were the streets named lesya ukrainka after ivan franko, but there was a street on september 17,

giving in and giving up control over eastern europe and then presiding over the collapse of the soviet union and sell but best foot into 2 people. i think it's more about how he put in the end of that period that is seen today almost as he, golden era in the soviet history done on the fact that he managed, along with ronald reagan to scrub the entire class of nuclear weapons in eastern europe. could that be seen as his biggest political contribution? well, i might have why said that, as you know, that i was an inspector on treating myself personally but, but it really is no longer in existence. so it was a, a major contribution at the time that lasted for several decades. there were innovations and that's really not most notably on site inspections that now was under a cloud given the, the, the drift and dismiss, increasing distrust between the 2 countries and other geopolitical factors such as the rise of china, which have made that kind of ours control somewhat obsolete bother was go by serve in a way or another a victim because the hard line communists starting from the late eighty's, wer

and they are bearing a serious blow to the soviet union, oil is the only soviet product that the worldd to buy and since it came out. so all the kremlin's wealth was based on oil, then reagan forced the saudis to take and flood the market. cheap oil, the consequences are known the oil crash hit the belt of the ussr painfully and the eighties will be remembered for the significant lag of the union from western countries, insufficient provision of the population with food food until the introduction of the rationing system and a colossal increase in dependence on food imports, but the real beginning of the end of the soviet empire will be the loss of the eastern european satellites in the fall of 1989. this process was called the autumn of nations, then in most of the countries of the warsaw pact there was a wave of change of power, communist regimes fell one after another poland and hungary east germany czechoslovakia bulgaria and romania all those who are still in the middle. in the fifties, it was a member of the european military socialist union with the leading role of the ussr left

well, my guest today is this man — mikhail gorbachev, the former president of the soviet union, the man glasnost and perestroika were supposed to reinvigorate the soviet system but which, in fact, hastened its demise. well, today, he's going to reflect with me on the current state of east—west relations. mikhail gorbachev, welcome to hardtalk. it was 1989 here in berlin when the wall came down. it took two more years for the soviet union to collapse. but in your view, was it inevitable when this wall came down here in berlin that the soviet union was finished? russian translation: the point i want to make is that you believed for a long time that you could reform and revitalise the soviet union, and you were wrong because, in the end, the process of glasnost and perestroika killed off the soviet union. and i wonder now, looking back, whether you feel that was a good thing or whether, like vladimir putin, you feel, well, as he says, that it was a catastrophic event, the most catastrophic event of the 20th century. yes. see, what followed you... what followed you were years of economic ch

governments of the satellite countries from mongolia to nicaragua received a warning from the soviet unionet aid . time, general secretary of the central committee of the cpsu, mikhail sergeevich gorbachev, he was izryh yavika, where did he meet with us president ronald? the atmosphere at the meeting was friendly. we had the opportunity freely. and i would say it is not limited to express my views on certain problems. which are in the center of attention of the entire world community. these are questions of war, peace, and the cessation of the nuclear arms race. you see the complex of issues that are covered by this topic, if in reykjavik in 1986 gorbachev was still arguing with reagan about nuclear weapons, then later the issues were already resolved in working order by all sorts of assistants , and when in may 1988 reagan after sitting in moscow, he could with good reason declare that he no longer considers the soviet union an evil empire, because the gorbachev government was already ready to fulfill almost all the conditions of the west . gorbachev did everything that was required of hi

first speech as leader of the soviet union. it was clear he was a stark contrast to his predecessors. we scored you was the old right. i live in peace and freedom is the most. am your autopay sick, right to veteran widow for our kilobit. gorbachev wanted to change the soviet union to bring it closer to the people. he promoted glass nah, st. openness and perestroika reforms to words that will forever be associated with him. his new outlook was popular with many his policies also applied to the military, despite the resistance of soviet generals issued to us in severe voters, almost, i'm convinced that we will also have to reform our military law. we have far too many weapons law safely. we have to seek dialogue with other superpowers and reduce our arsenals to a reasonable extent in that yourself. as a result of that dialogue gorbachev and u. s. president reagan find the 1st of many disarmament treaties in 1987. it was the beginning of the end of the cold war in october 1989 when he visited east berlin for the g d r's, 40th anni

not a single issue was resolved without the soviet union, it was impossible to imagine that a war couldtacit consent of the soviet country, the americans were afraid to think that they could get involved in the soviet troops on the opposite side, and this balanced the planet. this is multipolarity. well, let's say bipolarity then. it was in soviet times that we returned to our territories, and today we returned to our calendar an important date in our history september 17 , 1939 is the day of the reunification of the belarusian people after decades of polish occupation. now this is our day of national unity, which we will soon celebrate, because we remember everything, fortunately, at least we belarusians have preserved the historical memory and the truth about that world war ii and the great patriotic war. we remember the unprecedented heroism of the multinational soviet people, thanks to, who survived in these terrible trials and was not forgotten. what exactly are western democracies raised the nazi monster nazi germany to crush the soviet union and then conquer the whole world to co

and the soviet union to do our and shows the way to has to agree. unfortunately, they did. 5 0, with ah a dead di working inside crumbling walls. you heard the sounds of men full of history which was going at that tongue settle with the world and changing a world bakersfield, the personality of garbage for me. gorbachev was a man no veil. let me say he is not religious, but internally is driven by christian morality. and whenever a jewel sink about the decisions are very hard decisions like he had to pick. i thing that this course, this campus was always prompting him the decisions. i also think gorbachev was one of the great heroes of the 20th century, in the sense that he wanted to reduce the tensions and tempo of the cold war. and when things did become difficult and began to fall apart, he could have unleashed war. and he did, and i think he deserves great credit for that. main concern 8990 was all the time to go so that was his problem. his car deal so was union was not so easy for him. he was not absolutely free and what to do was philip bulle

he was a believer in a better soviet union as possible. and marcia said, and that's something you had for us in the west at the time, was very difficult to understand. puzzled, could you explain to us that the very nature of the relationship between po 10 and go by check. because somehow you get a sense that put in was always very cautious in choosing the right words to describe our qualify global have and go back to the same time was very cautious in his criticism addressed at put in i will go, butcher bentley, tried to kind of boob relationships with a portion of it does not very successful in bulletin, didn't want him anywhere close or in any position of influence of any sorts on that book in the old his power to bernice yeltsin who picks him together with his aunt entourage as a successor. 6 and put in as basically continuing the yeltsin, russia as it was both under yeltsin and then it kind of. ready a girl who came in put it good, much off, was a sworn enemies. they were with to yeltsin and put into miss some extent and her to that. a

territory of an independent state described how the reunification of western ukraine with the soviet union and the liberation of ukrainians from the centuries-old oppression of the poles on the pages of the invasion newspapers gave a poetic name in the first months of golden september, the soviet authorities really tried to flirt with ukrainians, who in interwar poland were subjected to political, cultural and religious discrimination. along with the october and soviet streets, ivan franko and lesya ukrainka streets appeared. many ukrainians accepted this with enthusiasm, but it quickly turned into disappointment . and hence the horror, first the soviets took on the intelligentsia and priests, then on the peasants, and the rest, many hours of interrogations, torture, shootings , and deportations became masses, how many died then still unknown but only in june 1941 more than 20,000 galicians were killed in prisons golden september 1939 turned red with blood nine hours 43 minutes informational and analytical marathon of the espresso show tv channel in full swing thank you to our colleagues f

the first human leader of the soviet union who like to have a walkabout the people, the first sovietand a man who travelled a lot around the world, presenting a much more humane face of the soviet union to the world. , . ., , the world. pretty much the only servin: the world. pretty much the only serving international— the world. pretty much the only serving international leader - the world. pretty much the only| serving international leader who people will recognise at the funeral todayis people will recognise at the funeral today is the prime minister of hungary viktor orban. he has good relationships with vladimir putin but is willing to go to moscow to pay respects to gorbachev. that shows the quite complicated relationship over the legacy full stop at his policies didn'tjust affect the soviet union but the entire socialist bloc and for hungary and poland and other countries under the soviet yoke, if you like, gorbachev did not prevent them breaking away and he allowed opposition to communism to continue. i guess that is what viktor orban will pay his respects to, the fact his co

you know, i defended the soviet union to the last bullet. that's what i did. but i failed. now how did you you tell me to band the party as a criminal organization? i can't agree. if you do decide allow me to sign this degree. nobody knew suspending the communist party of russia. but he's a guy, a guy, but he's the guy. so yell to thank you. food. well, at least i have the russian federation with interest, declare independence from the soviet union for desert by f, who was a communist leader of the unit, which was cas expand once. she also that said, well, i'm going to be the president of russia. 3, i be the president transit started. this gang luca shrink of leaves. i'll grade, we'll do girlishly bol. avenger. cords were signed in 1991 by the leaders of belarus, russia the formerly dissolved the soviet union and established the c i s 6 months. and because of the formation of a community of independent states, i have decided to resign my duties as president of the soviet union. my principal's guide, my decision open, the trend to disintegration of the country alone has prev

was an alternative to what have been a model stalinism in the soviet union. nspired by it in terms of perestroika, opening up the economy, rolling back seven decades of censorship. in that context, ty first me at the soviet embassy in washington when gorbachev came for his visit in 1987. over the years, we saw gorbachev when we went to moscow. he always welcomed talking to those who had points of views about american foreign policy or what was happening in the country. he was also someone who i came to know as a believer in independent journalism. he was a supporter, ctributed some of his nobel peace prize winnings to th establishment of -- what a sweet irony that gorbachev received an 199and then -- who reconsidered his son, by the way. he was a jolly person and away, grew very pessimistic -- in a way, grew very as a mystic post of the character we have not discussed yet is yeltsin. yeltsin was responsible for the dissolution, the liquidation, the abolition of the soviet union. it could have possibly been maintained in a looser federation but yelton had a wil

that our example of the belarusian prime minister, just the same, says that, in principle, the soviet unionot canceled those values, the most useful things that were in soviet society, we preserved and developed them further, that is, our example shows that a lot depends on who is at the helm of the state. yes, it means that the ruling elite is what it is set up for and such a future could be for its soviet union if it were to be said in one of the examples that are drawn from the twentieth year. and with all the events in the post-soviet space, it ’s so scary when we start building, that we decide to build something new, having decided to destroy to the ground everything that we did before, here we are we saw that this path leads nowhere. that is, before you even start building, millions of people will die, how many beggars there were then and what they had to go through just to start building, and what kind of people were the most important thing to destroy everything, and then there will be some new great country and let's tell the truth . we are constantly being told this idea and now s

it will have to be accepted, it will have to be dealt with, while the soviet union, the young soviet country fell under a huge unimaginable number of various sanctions. and then, in fact, these attempts of the first cancellations of the russian one began to occur. what is happening now. of course, i didn’t. for the first time this was the case, even then they began to try to cancel something not to show soviet cinema and not to translate soviet literature in a number of countries. at least we had a uh inexplicable great phenomenon over there mikhail alexandrovich sholokhov, who spoke first with the don stories, and then with the quiet don saga that shocked the whole world and epic. i. e, immediately. as a matter of fact, quiet don began to become a world bestseller. let me remind you that the first volume of the quiet flows the don, the first volume of the quiet flows the don, came out in 1927 at the same time, and forgiving hemingway's weapons, on the western front, without changes. and remarque and actually quiet don and sholokhov won this competition, at least in many countries. u

we did this in the sixty's, it was a geopolitical thing between american soviet union. now this rocket, it has the european upper stage and when he goes back to the mood, some of the 1st dash knots will be from europe, from canada, from your japan. so this is now an international endeavor, not just one country versus another. and i think that's very important. and what sort of results says as this mission looking to find on the moon. this isn't, this really is a test mission. they're going to try everything. it's like a 5 or 6 week long trip around the moon and they'll do some different orbits for very close. we're going to test all the cameras, the sensors, the computers, the life support systems such that they know that the next time make why this, that it's safe to do so with humans on board. now when we're looking at the issue of technology and how advanced it's been, now how things have progressed since apollo? what makes this mission different to what happened previously? well, again, be back in the sixty's. we did things sort of in a race, certainly was a race. a

believing the cold war would end between the soviet union and the world.t romanticism was not justifd. there was no romantic time. anchor: for more on how the russian media is covering this, i spoke a little earlier. >> we have tributes pouringnto many countries outside of russia and it is a hhly different story today which i think is unsurprising. what president putin is doing is to unravel gorbachev's legacy. it is the dominant source of news for most russians. they have been saying, we are not going to attack gorbachev because this is the day of his death and that would be indecent. but there was thinly veiled criticism about how he plunged the country into economic and political chaos. he started the chain of events that led to the 1990's and that's a time when president putin spoke of something where russia never wants to return to. and much of president putin's idea of what he represents is taking russia out of the 1990's and restoring it to what he calls greatness. anchor: it's interesting how the relationship between the two men was strained at tim

k. france and the soviet union. but also with the to germany and agreed the principal, they would be able to sort of determine their pathway if that lead to reification. and either a lot happened. or if there's controversy, i just like to mention about whether promises were made at those talks that subsequently unfold folded about, you know, whether nato should expand to the, not an h to the was the right. that was used. gorbachev had different things to say about whether he agreed to, you know, the, the plans for expansion. let me, let me turn to your, cuz you're setting off because that nato action is one of the reasons latimer pollution used to justify his warren ukraine. i want to come back to you yuri and, and ask you about vladimir putin, the current russian president and the departed mikhail gorbachev and how they got along and beyond that the, the nato expansion or what was the relationship like i want to describe the attitude of the ma gorbachev towards boot in his policy as a dramatic development and actua

what country, how does the soviet union look at the work of the soviet parliament renewed precisely by, where gorbachev, who gave everyone that very freedom to speak out, in general, these created deputies, then reformat. smart council of the ussr by the way , yevgeny primakov is elected as the chairman of one of the chambers oh, how good and here is an excerpt from our last interview, just with primakov in 1985, when he came. it was kind of soul-searching for us. why, firstly , a young man appeared, and secondly, a man appeared whose appearance on television, without paper, travels as his wife. everything goes out like that with the crowd meets and so on and so forth us with the people who welcome the plan. i don't think there were some plans in june 2015 mikhail sergeevich gorbachev came to say goodbye to yevgeny maxim than primakov left long ago and another person from that photo, georgy shakhnazarov, we told his son. gorbachev is an evil genius, a good genius, or maybe not a genius at all? i think this is a question that our descendants will still decide about his true role in hist

ceremony of farewell to mikhail gorbachev ended in moscow to see off the former president of the soviet union. well-known politicians, journalists, actors wishing to pay tribute came to the last journey, so many people gathered that the ceremony, which took place in the columned hall of the house of unions, had to be extended and now we have direct contact again boris ivanin comes out, and i greet boris, how was the farewell ceremony, which is now happening in the hall of unions in the house of unions. ah. yes daria greetings but here literally, a civil memorial service had just taken place. everyone who came to say goodbye to mikhail grachev was asked to leave the columned hall of the house of unions. there now near the coffin. in general, politics. only the closest and dearest of his family, his companions and companions, remained, from 10:00 in the morning until two in the afternoon the ceremony of forgiveness lasted. this is the maximum, uh, allowed time for each to to want to pay tribute to the memory and respect of the last vaginseku. here is the central committee of the cpsu and the fi

the last leader, the soviet union, mikhail gorbachev, has been laid to rest in moscow. gorbachev died on tuesday at the age of $91.00 after a long illness. in the past few minutes, gorbachev was buried at mosque was the whichever she cemetery next to his wife reisa earlier crowds lined up in moscow to see the former president lying in state in moscow's hall of columns. gorbachev has not been given a full states funeral of the type, usually held for former leaders. russian foot president vladimir putin is not attending, citing a full schedule. most western leaders also stayed away because of putin's invasion of an ukraine. we heard more on the funeral and gorbachev's legacy from our political correspondence, simon young and d. w correspondent, yours rossetto. i asked yury how russians were saying good bye to the last. so his leader, well, many who came to the downtown of moscow to say good bye to mister gorbachev. many there thought very highly of him, like a young woman victoria, our reporter has talked to, she said the w that had she praised to the 6 years under gorbachev as the best

and something even sold out the soviet union to the west. also there are some say that gorbachev is to blame for enabling nato's eastwood expansion. is there any accuracy in those allegations? do you think? you know, i think it's the same and politics worldwide. what have you done for me lately? and i think it's hard for, for russians today who are enjoying more freedoms, more religious freedoms, more prosperity for the, for the typical russian than they were enjoying 30 or 40 years ago under the, under the old system. they haven't experienced that recently. so it's kind of kind of easy, i think, to ignore where they are versus where they were, might have been, had not been any changes. but then again, you point out that the west has allowed the expansion or the talk of expansion of date, of encroaching on russia's borders. that has clearly been a flash point. that in my view, this administration didn't recognize, ignored or take her to the forces. and you claim that they were wanting to cater to and they have made a problem that they could

russia really does not seek a return to the soviet union, because vladimir putin considers the formationrepublics in which their own identity remains the main mistake of the bolsheviks, he wants to return to russia before 1917. that is, we are russia, belarus, russia, armenia, georgia - this is all russian. historically, what does this mean in practice? look, putin annexed four regions. if he wanted of the soviet union, say the soviet union and you will say this is free ukraine , the presidents of ukraine are legitimate, viktor fedorchenko got in viktor fedorovych, planted the viva in melitopol, it doesn't matter d and here are two of you one of the ukrainian governments recognizes russia as the south, north korea is too elegant, by the way , it’s too elementary, and that’s how ukraine and yanukovych issues decrees, appoints ministers, ambassadors, putin demands from uh, uh, different countries to recognize this government as taiwan, china yes, yes yes, because they visit each other there, putin, come there to meet the presidents of ukraine, russia was in russia, that is if he wanted the

the nuclear powers were the soviet union.l, this is a fixed idea, uh, of the ukrainian political elite, not uh, today, uh, this idea is actively exploited by the political class of ukraine that came to power as a result of the 2014 coup d'état. so, as a legacy from soviet science ukraine got, including the rovno khmelnytsky npp, the institute for nuclear research in kiev and the kharkiv polytechnic university, it is precisely these objects that another ukrainian telegram channel calls as scientific bases capable of creating a dirty bomb, which in fact is not nuclear, the authors even explain that nuclear power plants should not be shelled they will be, and that means they are safe, and the institute for nuclear research was engaged in the elimination of the consequences of the chernobyl accident. and now the important point is that all these organizations have enough radioactive and even nuclear materials to creating a dirty bomb, but all this material is accounted for. an attempt to manufacture this kind of weapon in the pre

the only day that alger hiss ever set foot in the soviet union there in a secret ceremony, he was taken aside by head of soviet intelligence and given the order of the red star for all that he had done for soviet union. so we now know that hiss was was guilty. but a man who fought and to clear his name, to his dying day, he never admitted to his perjury. he never admitted to his guilt. and it divided the country for 50 years, for 50 years, half the country believed his innocence, that he was, a man of, the new deal, that he was in, the great liberal tradition. he had been one of the formulators of the united nations and the other half of the country believed he was a traitor a traitor to his class. and to his country. so a man of great controversy, david, why is it that he was able to convince half the country that he was innocent because he was part of the great eastern? and i and i think one of the things when we talked about it a little earlier is that both in your earlier book, time's betrayal and in gods deception, you talk the eastern establishment to a certain degree in gods of d

it was dropped on the soviet union as a warning of what's going to have the soviets, if they interfered with america as post war plants. ah. so what we've got to do is identify the threats that we have. it's crazy even foundation, let it be an arms race is often very dramatic, development only personally and getting to resist. i don't see how that strategy will be successful, very difficult time to sit down and talk ah, no, not that war with western shift is an issue generator west and people are not in waterways, russia. they don't feel like a interesting what to ease at war with rice, yet, even after she did the dishwasher, when i can let you wait, you shall ruin glass in our political. mm ah, on november the 3rd 1945, just a month after the war ended. the u. s. joint chiefs of staff receive report number 3 to 9 and select 20 targets to attack in the soviet union with nuclear bombs. the time was right. is the u. s s o was devastated by well, it either states last about 400000 people. had the brits last less than the americans did. and the soviets suffer 27000000 deaths. mm mm. 2700000

it was dropped on the soviet union as a warning of what it's going to have to soviets. if they interfere with america's post war plan, ah, ah ah, ah ah, on november the 3rd 1945, just a month after the war ended. the u. s. joint chiefs of staff receive report number 329, and select 20 targets to attack in the soviet union with nuclear bombs. the time was right. as the u. s. s. all was devastated by war. the united states last about 400000 people had the brit sloss less than the americans did. and the soviets suffer 27000000 deaths.

oh, the soviet union's last leader mikhail gorbachev has been laid to rest in moscow. ah, hello, get adrian finnegan here in doha. this is al jazeera, also coming up a new life in a world destroyed pakistan's, devastating floods force. pregnant women and girls give birth in shelters. the big count on his began master's. most powerful walk it ever is on the launch pad for a 2nd attempt to head to the boons or bit clos, ah, tennis to serena williams loses in the 3rd round of the us open and what's expected to be, but must match if a korea russian backed officials and southern ukraine said that europe's largest nuclear power station was knocked off line by shelling on saturday. the report and electricity light inside this operational plant has been damaged. comes just after the visit of the head of the u. n. z nuclear watchdog to the facility. this could live that a key vouchers here as gabriel elizondo is the 1st one more to we know about these reports, game of the plant being taken offline. based on our calls and reporting here over the last several hours. we just don't

and when it suited american interests was prepared to cooperate with the soviet union. it was under his rule that you're a soviet diplomatic relations were established in 1933 franklin delano roosevelt is recognized by many in the american historical and academic and political ranks as one of the greatest for term presidents in history. the only president to ever, sir. 4 terms, in fact, for his work in resuscitating the united states after an economic depression that occurred after the fall of the stock market in the 19 twenty's. the big 3 is how the allied 2nd world war leaders were known. they had different personalities, were from very different backgrounds and had opposing views, each defended their own peoples and ruling class. his interests that miss donna, he, indigo. she stood the men chide, krista thank up as ne, in his books and on lot. so who has a ph d in history? so really analyzes the events of world war 2. as why our asked marlene the sheesh to the main check dash i enjoy has been place in creek thing dodge fund to start mench dunbar endangered for she tha

and that then led to the collapse of the soviet union and to german unification. but that was not the only message that came out of the bonus act. today. this was also very much a clear signal to the kremlin. if you're not honoring your former leader, then we will exactly at one point bubble bus. the president of the german going to sock. she said that the gorbachev died alone in his own country. a rather sad image that she was using there. there was a very hard edge to her speech politically, diplomatically, it must be said drawing a contrast between gorbachev and the current leadership in russia. absolutely. topical speech absolutely. referring to today's events in the kremlin in moscow, babbar said putin has turned his back on everything that we have got a bunch of stood full so to that path towards democracy, towards openness. yeah, bab abbas kept stressing that gotcha was a man who am have believed in foreign leaders, capability of coming together and finding compromises. she stressed also that garbage has a very close relationship with, then chancellor hamme

he allowed, or the peaceful collapse of the soviet union. it did not use massive force for keep eastern europe ah, in the empire. and with that, he deserves credit, but it is not that this was sung came in trying to undermine the system. he tried to reform. gorbachev, used perestroika or restructuring to reform, a stagnant economy that had seen people shorter food and consumer goods. and he used glass moles, openness and freedom of speech that led to parts of the eastern bloc wising up against communism. it was the beginning of the end of the cold war, one state after the other broke away anglo merkel, former german chancellor spoke in her tribute of the fear in east germany with expectation the tanks would roll in, but quite the contrary. wasn't long before the berlin wall came down yet now 30 years on with rushes invasion of ukraine comes the danger of further east west conflict, sullen a horse lunt, on step, also to president putin. russia and it's president digging new trenches in europe and have started a horrible war and ukraine. it's

this time, dangerous destructive, roosevelt wound stanolin of japan's intention to attack the soviet union. but soviet intelligence report, state the via tank is still in doubt. it's imperative that the u. s. makes it clear to japan that if they attack the soviet union will have support but the british and american authorities will not support the ussr. the u. s. military assures roosevelt that germany will quickly conquer russia in the way to the you. ah. church she recalled at 4 out of 5, warded mam experts. it no doubt that russia would be no town in a few days. meanwhile, the red army is withstanding a serious black with the russians of the 1st serious adversary. mm. door store says you say you was born, you got 2 or 4 year old. can you put together a face? you say you got to a sequoia near operators the shore economic skill. you saw a young push visiting and the were approached to live from sort of federal would not sure it was a tele ross more north pitch because it in yeah, you could have dog were melissa had promotions to cover them. choice by some dinner near sort of param, rental

the 70s, the late seventies, were high point for the soviet union. the you, us was in terrible state, i think after after the combined setbacks of the being run out of southeast asia, soviet influence in africa and angola with through their cuban clients was growing . and then we moved into 19, we went through the carter period, which was a long period for ca. beyond that supposed low periods, even the breakup of the soviet union in 1991, came out of the blue for langley. but most notably the see i couldn't predict and prevent 911. the intelligence community struggles throughout the nineties and up to 911, to collect intelligence on and analyze the phenomenon of trust national terrorism. the combination of an overwhelming number of priorities fled budgets and outmoded structure and bureaucratic rivalries, resulted in insufficient response to this new challenge. but surprise, surprise, the u. s. intelligence said they found weapons of mass destruction in iraq. oops, deliberate or not. that was a mistake too. and moving on to the most recent past. oh, t