the fall of the soviet union army is like gaining independence. has raised expectations quite high of locking in foreign investment and jobs at higher salaries and. you know until now he's had the excuse that the republicans still control the parliament after of this point we won't have that excuse anymore and so do this we're given the tools that he needs to do that but it's certainly it's going to it's an uphill battle for and that won't have any more excuses joshua cherry and yeah than thank you thanks for having me. now to some of the other stories making news around the world representatives from yemen's government and rebels have met to discuss an exchange of prisoners the on going u.n. sponsored talks in the swedish town of rimbaud just north of stockholm are aimed at easing tensions in a four year civil war that's pushed the country to the brink of famine. israeli soldiers have discovered another tunnels traveling the country's northern border israel says the attack tunnels are the work of hezbollah a lebanese islamist movement backed by i

countries could not muster the economic and military power by themselves to deal with the soviet union. a large army. approximate et cetera. and particularly in the 1950s it was still recovering from world war ii and we didn't think they would get their act together enough so would have to stay there. eisenhower spent the 50s trying to figure a way to get american troops out of europe and he can never quite figure out a way to do it. reliably so we stayed. we eventually lowered our troop levels. and after the cold war would lower them we lower them even more dramatically. how much effort does the united states have to engage in in asia to make sure that enough asian countries want to keep china from dominating. i don't have a precise formula there. there is can be a certain extent. they are going to threaten to bandwagon to threaten to do more. some of that is just the usual diplomatic horse trading. that can be dangerous in itself. i don't think there is a rigid formula. i think it depends on a case-by-case basis. in the capabilities of the local actors. there along the wall. my eyes are not great.

case of the japanese army, their area of responsibility is the asian continent and more specifically northeast china. isre hypothetical enemy imperial russia and later the soviet union. their mission is to fight a ground war against the soviet red army on the plains of manchuria. meanwhile,e maybe, their area of responsibility is the pacific ocean. there hypothetical enemy is the united states navy. the japanese navy's tradition -- traditional mission is to fight a fleet battle against the american navy. you have to keep these historical factors in mind when you think about the army and navy of japan because these factors really determined, for example, the equipment, the training, the focus of their planning, really everything. certainresults in a allrservice tension because militaries are bureaucratic institutions. in japan's case, you get many examples of where institutional interests drive their stances against each other and what their -- what they are emphasizing at any particular moment. you have to keep these historical factors in mind. the army was going to fight a ground war and in the case of the navy, it is the pacific ocean. they are looking at the paci

attrition in the end was how the union army operated slavery and allied and soviet armies broke the nasty. -- the . attrition is how most big wars have been won over the last several centuries practice how aggressors have been defeated in the world remade for good and for ill. we might better accept this reality at the start of the next war. we should explain that it is coming to the heavily armed teenagers we send out to kill in our name and in our place and then only choose to fight the wars that we deem worth that awful price. if we decide together that the next war is just, or just necessary, we should try to resist the allure of the battle. the siren song of the short war delusion. if we are more honest about how wars are actually fought and won , how long they really tended to last, and the real price to be paid by our youth we might even pray does praise piece more and practice more or less but i rather doubt it. thank you. >> [ applause ] >> >> the best part of any presentation here at our international conference, i have always thought, is a questions from the floor. i imagine we

army their case of responsibility is northeast china today. there hypothetical enemy is the imperial russia and later soviet union. the mission is to fight a ground war against the soviet red army on the plains of manchuria. the imperial navy, the japanese navy's area of responsibility is in the pacific ocean and of course, there hypothetical enemy is the united states navy. the japanese navy's traditional mission is to fight a battle against the american navy. i think you have to keep this historical fact there the traditional aspect in mind when you think about the army and navy of japan because these factors really determine the four structures, equipment, training and the focus on their planning, really everything and also as a result of the tension, all militaries are bureaucratic institutions. in japan's case you had many examples where the institutional interest drove the staff against each other and what they are emphasizing at any particular moment. you do have to keep those historical factors in mind and they were fighting a ground war on the plains of manchuria. in the case of the navy it is the pacific

red army defeated a coalition of opposition forces known as the white army soviet rule was now imposed across the country. the union of soviet socialist republics was officially declared on december the twenty second one thousand nine hundred twenty two the new states now covered nearly one sixth of the us land surface. there was a major famine from one nine hundred twenty one to twenty two one major cause feel thora he seized commodities from peasants to feed the cities and the military. an estimated five million people died in the famine. food supplies donated by your top of united states soon started arriving. will shop for also an american relief worker described the situation in one region . people hit weeds mixed with ground bones tree bark and clay they also eat meat from horses dogs cats and rats and they eat straw. they're amazing and dozens die every day. the stench is appalling. by the end of the civil war an estimated one point five million russians had left the country. many of them settled in france often in paris only so. wealthy emigres continued to lead lives of luxury. among them was prince philip

case of the japanese army, their area of responsibility is the asian continent and more specifically northeast china. isre hypothetical enemy imperial russia and later the soviet union. their mission is to fight a ground war against the soviet red army on the plains of manchuria. meanwhile,e maybe, their area of responsibility is the pacific ocean. there hypothetical enemy is the united states navy. the japanese navy's tradition -- traditional mission is to fight a fleet battle against the american navy. you have to keep these historical factors in mind when you think about the army and navy of japan because these factors really determined, for example, the equipment, the training, the focus of their planning, really everything. certainresults in a allrservice tension because militaries are bureaucratic institutions. in japan's case, you get many examples of where institutional interests drive their stances against each other and what their -- what they are emphasizing at any particular moment. you have to keep these historical factors in mind. the army was going to fight a ground war and in the case of the navy, it is the pacific ocean. they are looking at the paci

on august 20th, armies of the soviet union, poland, hungary, bulgaria and east germany invaded czechoslovakiaseizing control of the country in a few hours. soviet embassy lights burned late that hot and muggy evening in washington, even as russian tanks rumbled into prague. soviet ambassador anatoly dobrynin called to present moscow's official reason for the invasion. the memoranda which said that soviet-blocked forces had acted at the request of czech leaders to safeguard the country against subversive elements sounded hollow indeed. >> from the summer of 1968 in that courtesy of the johnson library and the johnson white house. back to your phone calls as we look back 50 years, 1968, america in turmoil. debra, richmond, virginia, go ahead, please. >> caller: yes, good morning. happy mother's day. it's always been unusual for me to think about all the devastation that we have done all over the world and we make it into something heroic. i never could understand that. america -- the rest of the world didn't bomb america. america bombed the rest of the world. and it doesn't make sense. we try t

soviet union with behaving more like you know russia. welcome to choose their stories who are nazi the british army has issued a top level security alert over a russian t.v. journalist who was accused of spying by the u.k. military and media off he was said to have been acting suspiciously outside an army facility and this is how the journalist himself explained what happened. well i would very much want to know what exactly happened we're being accused of espionage while we were just doing our job that we didn't break in the u.k. last november the twenty second and i remember that day perfectly well has been mentioned in the mail on sunday article we went to the military base which is one hundred kilometers from london that's location of brigade seventy seven we did a package about it we drove by the base stopped approached the security guards i introduced myself presented my id they took pictures of my documents my car then we recorded my piece to camera we recorded it on a professional video camera we didn't try to get inside the base something claimed by the mail on sunday we made our intentions clear that we wanted to film outside and

and backed by the soviet union they saw the right wing christians a simply an extension of israeli and american influence in the country. when the war broke out an army of foreign journalists headed to beirut including the former b.b.c. middle east correspondent tim llewellyn all of whom wanted a safe place to stay. in november one thousand nine hundred seventy five i was taking what turned out to be one of the last n.e.a. flights into beirut from london which was virtually empty except for a few journalists and use of massaro who i didn't know but of course was that it was to turn out that he was the manager of the commodore. so he drew me he took out a piece of paper and a pen and he drew from me the various sections of beirut who controlled what where you could go safely i said the use of what we needed was a base the next time i went to beirut. use of it created this fantastic hotel in the space of a few weeks the commodore had become that journalistic center. nine hundred seventy five in seventy six with the fiercest two years of the civil war with sectarian killings massive destruction and the division of beirut into the christian east and musl

celebrated too much, it could serve as a provocation to the conservatives in the soviet union, who were still powerful, in the kgb, the armyhed a coup against gorbachev two years later. and i think in retrospect, he felt and w all november, it might, in fact, have precipitated the coup against gorbachev a couple of years earlier and he may not have survived it. >> and fast forward to today when vladimir putin calls fall of communism the worst devastation that could have happened in the 20th century. let me ask you about something that i keep hearing and reading from a lot of democrats, too, who have said they voted for maybe one republican for president, and that was george h.w. bush. that, in fact, he may have been the best president of their lifetime. what do you think it was about him that brought in people from the other side of the aisle? >> well, i think it was his willingness to reach across the aisle. he always put the best interest of the country first. the decision that he made to compromise on no new taxes was really putting -- i mean, he felt that was really necessary to put the country on a sound, fiscal basis

and backed by the soviet union they saw the right wing christians a simply an extension of israeli and american influence in the country. when the war broke out an army of foreign journalists headed to beirut including the former b.b.c. middle east correspondent tim llewellyn all of whom wanted a safe place to stay. in november one thousand nine hundred seventy five i was taking what turned out to be one of the last n.e.a. flights into beirut from london which was virtually empty except for a few journalists and use of massaro who i didn't know but of course it was them it was to turn out that he was the manager of the commodore. so he drew me he took out a piece of paper and a pen and he drew from me the various sections of beirut who controlled what where you could go safely i said the use of what we needed was a base the next time i went to beirut. use of it created this fantastic hotel in the space of a few weeks the commodore had become that journalistic center. nine hundred seventy five and seventy six with the fiercest two years of the civil war with sectarian killings massive destruction and the division of beirut into the christian east and

and backed by the soviet union they saw the right wing christians as simply an extension of israeli and american influence in the country. when the war broke out an army of foreign journalists headed to beirut including the former b.b.c. middle east correspondent tim llewellyn all of whom wanted a safe place to stay. in november one thousand nine hundred seventy five i was taking what turned out to be one of the last n.e.a. flights into beirut from london which was virtually empty except for a few journalists and use of. who i didn't know but of course it was them it was to turn out that he was the manager of the commodore. so he drew me he took out a piece of paper and a pen and he drew from me the various sections of beirut who controlled what where you could go safely i said the use of what we needed was a base the next time i went to beirut. use of it created this fantastic hotel in the space of a few weeks the commodore had become that journalistic center. nine hundred seventy five and seventy six with the fiercest two years of the civil war with sectarian killings massive destruction and the division of beirut into the christian east and muslim

army of democracy? the isolationists came from across the political spectrum, they came from the communist party, to the nazi invasion, soviet union on june 22, 1941, when they did a u-turn and said it is time for the us to come to the aid and defeat hitler, but there were also active fascist sympathizers in the united states, quite a lot of them. among them one who figures in my book is johnson who would be the most influential architect in the world and was already a major tastemaker. he went into poland with the nazi army at the beginning of world war ii in september, 1939, as a reporter for father charles conklin and his anti-semitic pro-nazi social justice publication. he went alongside of, paired with the german propaganda ministry, the cbs radio correspondent, and like scheier, he came back to the united states basically talking about what he had seen and what his view on it, in johnson's case, advocating isolation and sympathy for the nazis and scheier warning about the inevitability of war. hitler. those were some of the elements americans were exposed to but there were other isolationists. this included ted roosevelt jun

hadission to get poles who been incarcerated out of the soviet union, and they walk out, they get into persia and then into palestine and they create an army the anders army, which goes up by north africa into italy and fights. there is no time to go into detail, but three of the most amazing epic journeys of these people, not just the soldiers, but trying to get their families out. women and children, a lot of them end up staying in persia. it's a fascinating epic and really were the -- worthy of great deal of attention because he was an amazing, amazing general. in the front row of the center section. a word about lightning joe collins, born right here in new orleans? >> he is not unheralded. >> everybody knows about him. >> i think everybody calls him the best corps commander in the eto. he fought almost to ve day before he was pulled out of the line. almost single-handedly responsible for the biggest broke bradley's first army out of normandy. his timing in the balls -- in e was exquisite. the way he thought the defensive phase of the bulge was a very, very well and shrewdly managed. he did all things well. with one exception. i would

hadission to get poles who been incarcerated out of the soviet union, and they walk out, they get into persia and then into palestine and they create an army the anders army, which goes up by north africa into italy and fights. there is no time to go into detail, but three of the most amazing epic journeys of these people, not just the soldiers, but trying to get their families out. women and children, a lot of them end up staying in persia. it's a fascinating epic and really were the -- worthy of great deal of attention because he was an amazing, amazing general. in the front row of the center section. a word about lightning joe collins, born right here in new orleans? >> he is not unheralded. >> everybody knows about him. >> i think everybody calls him the best corps commander in the eto. he fought almost to ve day before he was pulled out of the line. almost single-handedly responsible for the biggest broke bradley's first army out of normandy. his timing in the balls -- in e was exquisite. the way he thought the defensive phase of the bulge was a very, very well and shrewdly managed. he did all things well. with one exception. i would

incoming missile from the soviet union that it would so complicate their planning that they would never decide to attack us. it did for a while involve development of some previous u.s. army concepts that already existed in terms of some middle range kind of missiles on the ground. it quickly evolved into some scientific study of different concepts that certainly took a significant advantage of space and included space sensors, satellites, and geosynchronous orbit that could identify a launch of any kind of a major missile. and other kinds of satellites and ground sensors, radars on both ground and ships at sea. another way to keep track of and eventually que our missile defense. there were a variety of interceptors that were envisioned and network spearman to with, one of the most famous that was toward the end of the reagan administration was called brilliant pebbles. the idea was to have a constellation of many hundreds of satellites in space that could quickly reach an upcoming and its boost phase, which is the easiest way to kill a ballistic missile before it and begins toogee release multiple rvs or decoys. these concepts, along with all of the experiments, the rese

and backed by the soviet union they saw the right wing christians as simply an extension of israeli and american influence in the country. when the war broke out an army of foreign journalists headed to beirut including the former b.b.c. middle east correspondent tim llewellyn all of whom wanted a safe place to stay. in november one thousand nine hundred seventy five i was taking what turned out to be one of the last n.e.a. flights into beirut from london which was virtually empty except for a few journalists and use of massaro who i didn't know but of course it was them it was to turn out that he was the manager of the commodore. so he drew me he took out a piece of paper and a pen and he drew from me the various sections of beirut who controlled what where you could go safely i said the use of what we needed was a base the next time i went to beirut. use of it created this fantastic hotel in the space of a few weeks the commodore had become that journalistic center. nine hundred seventy five in seventy six with the fiercest two years of the civil war with sectarian killings massive destruction and the division of beirut into the christian east and m

from the soviet union, but that it would so complicate their planning that they would never decide to try to attack us. and it did for a while, involve the development of some previous u.s. army concepts that already existed in terms of some middle range kind of missiles and ground-based missiles and quickly evolved into some scientific study of different concepts that certainly took significant advantage of space and included space sensor, satellites and geosynchronous orbit that could identify a launch just about any place on earth with any major missile and a series of other kinds of satellites and ground sensors, radars both on ground and ships at sea. in other words, a variety of ways to keep track of and eventually cue our missile defense against an incoming missile and there were a variety of kinds of interceptors that were -- that were envisioned and were experimented with. one of the most famous that was toward the end of the reagan administration was called brilliant pebbles and the idea was to have a constellation of many hundreds of satellites in space that could quickly reach an upcoming missile and its ascent phase, in its boost phase, hopefully which is an easi

army as an intelligence officer specializing in electronic warfare. in the early 1980s, ronald reagan is president. the cold war is still raging between the united states and the soviet uniont cue prompts an invasion. on the pretext of the rescues medical students. >> it may have been one of the last gasps. of the war between the united states and the soviet union. >> it is a combat zone. second lieutenant michael flynn is determined to deploy there with or without orders. >> you saw this thing going on. couldn't bear being left out. showed up at the airplane, climbed on the first available plane. >> flynn could have sabotaged his career by doing so but for his commanding officer as he recalls. in the audio book. >> he could have relieved me on the spot. blessedly, he looked again and saw something he liked. had it not been for his patience and vision and extraordinary leadership under some difficult pressure, i probably would be renting surf boards at second beach in rhode island. >> on the island, flynn leads a platoon engaged in electronic warfare, tapping into enemy communication systems and providing intelligence for army, navy and air force operations. >> the technol