it uses a different platform to get the spike protein into people's body. at the end of the day, they all kind of act the same way, which is they are presenting your body with this protein that the virus contains. they're not presenting it with the whole virus. they're presenting it with the -- with this protein, but rather than using this mrna to teach your cells how to make the protein, it piggybacks the protein on an attenuated a did virus that can't cause harm. it's an older technology. it's similar to the technology used with the astrazeneca vaccine, and now we're kind of -- it's very, very effective. it is very safe, but we have seen these cases of these rare blood clots that have caused everyone to take some -- a little bit of time to try to understand what's going on and pause things. but it's a different technology. the technology is different enough that there's no reports yet of any of those blood clots in the pfizer or the moderna vaccine, so i would feel completely safe getting those, and i think it's going to turn out that the j&j vaccine is go

and it does everything that it needs to do to fight off the spike protein. and it creates a big boost in ant bodies that last longer. >> what risk is someone taking by not taking the second dose? >> not getting your second shot is like you are giving up on the immunity and you may be at risk for covid as soon as a few months after the first vaccine. and secondly you have way lower immunity to all of the variant this is that are the predominant things circulating right now. >> reporter: if none of the people get the second shot, could we regress, and not reach herd immunity and go back to square one or two? >> absolutely. this covid is not gone. >> reporter: daniel's second dose appointment is this friday, she is not sure she will go. is it going to be a game time decision? >> i will probably, in my mind tell me, tell myself, you know, you can make the decision when you wake up. that way the pressure is off of me. >> reporter: what if too many people don't get the second dose and we don't stamp out the virus? >> yeah, no, i think that is a very valid concern

it's all about this spike protein. the — into it.iky business i into it. it's all about this spike protein, the spiky business asj into it. it's all about this spike i protein, the spiky business as it were but essentially some of these vaccines are modelled on the same formulation to attack the same bit of the virus. formulation to attack the same bit of the virus-— formulation to attack the same bit of the virus._ so - of the virus. that's correct. so potentially _ of the virus. that's correct. so potentially vaccine _ of the virus. that's correct. so l potentially vaccine nationalism, people hanging onto their stocks, producers not being able to knock up as much of the stuff as they would hope, if you can mix and match that would ease all of those problems potentially wouldn't it? i would ease all of those problems potentially wouldn't it?— would ease all of those problems potentially wouldn't it? i think the world is deftly _ potentially wouldn't it? i think the world is deftly going _ potentially wouldn't it? i think the world i

that causes your cells to make this ours movie to spike protein others snowglobe the same genetic information into the body pat and harmless out no viruses that act like taxis into your cells while some of the chinese vaccines employ more traditional platform a full version of the corona virus that's been activated in the early all of the 2 dose that seems the 2 shots administered are identical though there is an exception to that rule the doses of the russians sputnik the vaccine are made with 2 different add in there viruses that cause colds although 'd both have been genetically engineered to carry the same sars coby to spike protein genes the vaccine was designed that way to ensure that the booster shot so the 2nd one would work even if recipients developed a strong immune response to the carrier virus in the 1st of those other trials based on the same principle which is called hetero legace prime boozed there are also now going on with other vaccines some of those trials are combining different vaccines in different ways to see whether that might make the immune response to sars kovi to

that causes your cells to make this ours movie to spike protein others snuggle the same genetic information into the body panicked and harmless out no viruses that act like taxis into your cells while some of the chinese vaccines employ more traditional platform a full version of the corona virus that's been activated in the early all of the 2 those vaccines the 2 shots administered are identical though there is an exception to that rule the doses of the russians but make the vaccine are made with 2 different ad no viruses that cause colt's although 'd both have been genetically engineered to carry the same sars coby to spike protein genes the vaccine was designed that way to ensure that the booster shot so the 2nd one would work even if recipients developed a strong immune response to the carrier virus in the 1st of those other trials based on the same principle which is called had a raw legace prime boozed and there are also now going on with other vaccines some of those trials are combining different vaccines in different ways to see whether that might make the immune response to sars ko

that causes your cells to make this ours kovi to spike protein others snowglobe the same genetic information into the body panicked and harmless out no viruses that act like taxis into your cells while some of the chinese vaccines employ more traditional platform a full version of the corona virus that's been and activated in the early all of the 2 dose vaccines the 2 shots administered are identical though there is an exception to that rule the doses of the russian sputnik the vaccine are made with 2 different ad no viruses that cause colds although 'd both have been genetically engineered to carry the same sars coby to spike protein genes the vaccine was designed that way to ensure that the booster shot so the 2nd one would work even if recipients developed a strong immune response to the carrier virus in the 1st of those other trials based on the same principle which is called hetero legace prime boozed and there are also now going on with other vaccines and some of those trials are combining different vaccines in different ways to see whether that might make the immune response to sars k

right so there are 2 mutations in the part of the virus the spike protein that binds to our ace 2 receptor that receptor that is known to be the target of this virus and so we don't know a lot about either of these mutations or we think that that the l 452 are mutations on one of the 2 increases transmissibility by about 20 percent at least in other strains we see a decrease in antibody efficacy of up to 50 percent and an increase in the strength of the binding to our receptors now that's in a different strain so we don't know how that will play with the other. of the other mutation but that one too appears to have some decrease of antibiotic binding which could be problematic for vaccination and for people who have already had cove it and who believe that their immune ok so is this is going to continue to happen and we re vaccinate with what we have and the more very meant dangerous variants just beat us to the punch rate so viruses are notoriously bad at replicating themselves and they make lots and lots of mistakes most of the time those mistakes are problematic for the virus and they d

and create antibiotics to those in defense of the vinyl spike proteins. so there are different ways of achieving the same goal. >> left his next joining us from sandy oregon. >> caller: good morning steve. hello, doctor my concern is i have a disease, and immune disease called igg4 and they are like $20,000 infusions. you probably know what that is so anyhow, my concern is people that have igg4 mostly our also traumatic and colored and my concern is their lives, they sometimes don't know that this igg4 is in their system. and it can cause death, that's what it does is it causes your lymph nodes to grow . and can cause tumors and stuff like that. my concern is their safety and mine in getting the shot. i'm trying to go right now so i can get that shot but sometimes those pills cause stomach cramps. instead of getting the infusion. >> we will get a response, doctor rothenberg. >> one of the things i think everybody realizes is that there are a number of unanswered questions here in terms of people who may have underlying conditions for taking a certain medi

, creates antibodies and prevents the bible spike proteins from infecting the cells. they are different ways of achieving the same goals. host: les from morgan. caller: hello, doctor. guest: hello. caller: my concern is i have an immune deficiency that is called igg4, and i have to have fusions, and they are, like, $20,000 a fusion. so, my concern is, people that have igg4, mostly are hispanic and colored, and my concern is their life, and they sometimes don't know this is in their system, and it can cause death, because what it does is it causes your lymph nodes to grow and it can cause tumors and stuff like that. my concern is their safety and mine in getting the shot. i am trying to appeal right now so i can get the shot, but the pills cause a stomach cramp instead of getting the fusion. host: thanks for the cop we will get a response. dr. rothenberg? guest: one of the things everyone realizes is there are a number of unanswered questions here in terms of people who might have an underlying condition, taking certain medicines, or may have had some particular histor

of course that's what attaches to your body in the spike protein is also when you meet the antibodies to with your vaccine so pfizer mcgann are already on the case they already have these very boosters and will be tested out i suspect late summer early fall have those i advised our local school board here to really push for those 2 specifically in regard to the pfizer because they're so far ahead of the curve in terms of testing out these very it's so i feel good that in the fall there will be a booster and that will be effective he had a great question about you know is there is there breakthrough yes there is breakthrough so far to think out of 75000000 vaccines or less than 6000 breakthrough cases and one study other studies a little bit more perplexing because you don't know how many people actually exposed to a virus will be asking well in that relation you know how many were exposed so you know we don't know what that breakthrough rate is we do know this is that in israel i think it was a time of the south african strain in 2.5 times you know lower end of a lot of levels for the

the first shot is sort of like your body being told, here is a picture of a spike protein, this is whatnd you need to take care of it if you see it. and often times our bodies react the same way that we react and they say, okay, got it sounds good. and then the second shot is like a practice run. it's sort of tricking your body and says here's the spike protein again and your body jumps in to action and it does everything that it needs to do

that causes your cells to make this ours kovi to spike protein others smuggle the same genetic information into the body panicked and harmless out no viruses that act like taxis into your cells while some of the chinese vaccines employ more traditional platform a full version of the corona virus that's been and activated in the early all of the 2 dose vaccines the 2 shots administered are identical though there is an exception to that rule the doses of the russian sputnik the vaccine are made with 2 different at no viruses that cause colds although 'd both have been genetically engineered to carry the same sars coby to spike protein genes the vaccine was designed that way to ensure that the booster shot so the 2nd one would work even if recipients developed a strong immune response to the carrier virus in the 1st of those other trials base on the same principle which is called heter all the guests prime boozed and there are also now going on with other vaccines some of those trials are combining different vaccines in different ways to see whether that might make the immune response to sars

about, they did the same thing in an attempt to develop a coronavirus vaccine, namely taking the spike protein and stabilizing it by mutations into a pre-fusion form. then, the combination of the story, next slide, when we had sars covid 2, when they were able to make a stable component of the pre-fusion spike protein. why is that important? because it is a highly immunogenic protein that has been used in five of the six vaccines we are currently involved with. next slide -- so, on this last slide, what you see on the left are the five platforms, the three platforms, the nucleic acid mrna, the adenovirus, and the protein. we already have three successful vaccines that have a high degree of efficacy in good safety profile. the bottom line is this did not happen in 11 months. it was due to an extraordinary, multi-list -- multidisciplinary effort involving basic clinical and preclinical signs that had been underway, out of the spotlight for decades before the unfolding of the covid-19 pandemic. with that, i will pass it over to dr. murphy. dr. murphy: thank you so much, tony, and it is good to be

that cause colds although both have been genetically engineered to carry the same sars coby to spike protein genes the vaccine was designed that way to ensure that the booster shot so the 2nd one would work even if recipients developed a strong immune response to the carrier virus in the 1st of those other trials based on the same principle which is called head or all i guess prime boost and there are also now going on with other vaccines some of those trials are combining different vaccines in different ways to see whether that might make the immune response to sars kovi to an even stronger or or more lasting. now here's something i would try to harm the french known for their protest culture and that hasn't stopped in the pandemic just take the longer a shops which have protested by sending the prime minister their panties in a t. independent under way of stores want their businesses classed as essential allowing them to stay open during lockdowns owners say is most of their business then 60 bad way well fitting products are essential for the likes of pregnant women for example they need a

variant of the corona virus was 1st recorded in december 2020 the strain has 2 mutations on a spike protein that's the bit of the virus that gets into our body cells both genetic mutations of cropped up before around the world in other strains of the current virus and when they did they willing to the virus passing between people more easily they were also linked to the virus being better able to get past the body's defenses briefly the 1st to make a concrete give across india more of a theory more for the theme of the thing that what might be happening is that something that it was the sort of between people is very rapidly moving through the population of people who are yet to contract infection and therefore pretty often. but how quickly does this new type spread to get a handle on mad researches need to be able to see when people have it and when they die from it which means sequencing the viruses genes that research has been extremely limited so far in india out of millions of cases in this new wave only around a 1000 sequences have been published meanwhile scientists across the world

corona vaccines these leads to infertility it's based on the idea that the vaccine contains a spike protein called since it in one which helped the placenta to develop but that's just completely made up the vaccine spike protein is entirely different to the one found in the placenta right now there is no evidence that covered 19 vaccines cause any problems with for all pregnancy and this is a good example of how misinformation works actually as so often there is no prove delivered for this allegation is completely fabricated as a claim with no scientific substance but that has a potential to destroy a lot of trust in the vaccines because most people aren't via lodge's and don't know how these things really work in the details and injecting this sort of uncertainty in our own are already a scary situation can do a lot of real dark life damage we can say our fact checker yasha vapor thank you so much for clearing all of that up for us now it's been 2 years since a fire ripped through the most famous cathedral in paris and shocked the world now the question is when notre dame can open again fr

tiny number of them will give a virus an advantage for example a mutated gene might change the spike proteins on its surface in ways that allow the virus to slip into cells more easily and because the source code be to genome is is actually pretty small the chances of specific identical mutations like that occurring in different places at different times. it's actually fairly high so we are seeing some of this sort of genetic convergence but because variants also collect many other highly individual mutations as they evolve genetic sequencing still allows us to tell them apart. very william's there and he'll be back again tomorrow to on some more of your questions just post them on our covert 19 you tube channel for now that's all for this edition of out a good night in special thanks for watching. in the. climate change. or so for 6. years today how far future. africa. could turn.

it has two somewhat well described mutations in the spike protein of the virus. this includes the l 452 r mutation found in the california variant. and it has another mutation found in the south africa and the brazil variants. >> the headline question, is this one more dangerous or more transmissible? >> right. we don't quite know that yet although these mutations that i just talked about have been associated, particularly the california variant with increased transmissibility. and in fact in india, this variant, this new variant accounts for 15 to 20% of cases in one particular state. >> so then the next question i see is do you know if our current vaccines have been effective. i haven't been following the vaccine rollout in india. it probably differs. >> i don't think we know whether the new variant will -- the vaccines will be less effective against this variant. we do have some information about experiments on the individual mutations suggesting that antibodies will be less able to neutralize this india variant. >> is there any difference? there are probably

it's a transport to get the material into the cells so they can build that spike protein on which antibodiestrazeneca and j&j are similar in technology to the way we usually build the flu vaccine. it's all to say that the same type of phenomenon that is rarely seen with the astrazeneca vaccine is now being seen with the j&j vaccine. so joy, what's going to happen? i suspect tomorrow evening when they gather, there might be some narrowing in terms of anticipatory guidance. who is to say, but they could potentially redirect folks potentially. >> very quickly, this is the thing i worry about. it's hard enough to talk some folks into getting vaccinated, as you know. we've been through this. do you worry this is going to make it harder? even though the moderna and the pfizer -- this has nothing to do with those vaccines. what do we say to people who are saying now, see? i don't want to get vaccinated. >> number one, pfizer and moderna -- you saw senior officials really lean into this. pfizer and moderna are very effective. what vaccines prevent, for all of you hesitant or worried about the vaccin

the double mutation is becoming a specific concern there is one mutation on the double on the spike proteinrticularly evasive and can cause your immune system to escape and be able to get reinfected.

the double mutation is becoming a specific concern there is one mutation on the double on the spike protein is particularly evasive and can cause your immune system to escape and be able to get reinfected. >> santa clara county says right now the cdc does not consider this new variant a variant of interest but south bay health are keeping an eye on it but now concerned about other strains of the virus. >>> boosting vaccinations in some of the hardest hit communities and today, hit on east palo alto. here's something we haven't heard, anyone 18 and older is eligible. we have more. >> this is wonderful. it's local. >> reporter: jane was ready to roll up her sleeve to get vaccinated. she joined a line of cars outside cesar chavez middle school. >> i do want to get the vaccination and johnson & johnso has seen high covid rates and lagging behind the rest of the county in vaccinations. >> we are the first city from east palo alto to give vaccinations for everyone 18 and over. council member antonio lopez says it was important to move ahead and they try to boost vaccination rates. >> we're not an

tiny number of them will give a virus an advantage for example a mutated gene might change the spike proteins on its surface in ways that allow the virus to slip into cells more easily and because the source code be to genome is is actually pretty small the chances of specific identical mutations like that occurring in different places at different times. this is actually fairly high so we are seeing some of this sort of genetic convergence but because variants also collect many other highly individual mutations as they evolve genetic sequencing still allows us to tell them apart. there is williams there and he'll be back again tomorrow to on some more of your questions just post them on our covert 19 you tube channel for now that's all for this edition of out a big night in special thanks for watching. in . scotland is at a crossroads the main parts of britain only. to be joined the e.u. . is dividing the country. families in the run up to the elections the debate is heating up. coughlin's quest for an independent. some kids on. a. few minutes called w. e n b r e of climate change. minister.

tiny number of them will give a virus an advantage for example a mutated gene might change the spike proteins on its surface in ways that allow the virus to slip into cells more easily and because the sars could be to genome is is actually pretty small the chances of specific identical mutations like that occurring in different places at different times. it's actually fairly hot so we are seeing some of this sort of genetic convergence but because variants also collect many other highly individual mutations as they evolve genetic sequencing still allows us to tell them apart. there is williams there and he'll be back again tomorrow to answer more of your questions just post them on our covert 19 you tube channel for now that's all for this edition of out of the night in special thanks for watching. how does a virus spread. why do we parent and when we'll. just 3 of the topics from covered and i we couldn't read your blog. if you would like any more information on the chrono larysa or any other science topic we should really check out our podcast you can get it wherever you get your podcast yo

tiny number of them will give a virus an advantage for example a mutated gene might change the spike proteins on its surface in ways that allow the virus to slip into cells more easily and because the source code be to genome is is actually pretty small the chances of specific identical mutations like that occurring in different places at different times. this is actually fairly high so we are seeing some of this sort of genetic convergence but because variants also collect many other highly individual mutations as they evolve genetic sequencing still allows us to tell them apart. there it williams there and he'll be back again tomorrow to answer more of your questions just post them on our colleague 19 you tube channel for now that's all for this edition of out of the 19 special thanks for watching. how the virus spread. why do we panic and when will all this. just through the text and we couldn't read your heart. if you would like any information on the crown of virus or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast you can get it wherever you get your pockets you can also

becoming a significant concern is there is one part of that mutation of the double that is on that spike protein that is particularly evasive and can cause the immunity -- your immune system to escape and be able to get reinfected. >> santa clara county says right now the cdc does not consider the double mutant variant a, quote, variant of interest. the south bay health leaders are keeping an eye on it, though they say they're more concerned about other strains of the virus. >>> our coronavirus coverage continues on line. head to nbcbayarea.com, and click on coming back from covid in our trending bar. we're keeping track of the latest information about vaccines and covid restrictions in the bay area. >>> cracking down on crowds. lake merritt always a popular spot when the weather's nice. new rules are in effect there. this is partly why. our reporter shot this video of cars parked in the middle of the street and people in line that illegal vendors selling things like beer and weed. neighbors say it shows a typical weekend. this weekend a crackdown is under way on parking, parties, and those vend

clotting risk just from delivering the spike protein.make me worry about all the vaccines >> yeah. right. right. and that's exactly where the ema goes into the detailed report that i did on astrazeneca. that was exactly the dialogue and discussion around the mechanism of action or their concerns around the clots. there was actually discussion at the ema level around other kind of viral-based vaccines and how this is not seen and so recall there were several cases in europe around j&j as well and now we have six cases of the fda is citing in its statement around pausing if anybody is listening or viewing and they have appointments for j&j today, i think this would be the time -- most of us who have scheduled slots are shifting to one or the other two manufacturers as quickly as possible. truly this has been one of the vaccines -- johnson & johnson was incredibly effective and useful for mobile vaccination efforts, places that were hard to reach and you could just do one shot and quickly administer a vaccine. so this is definitely going to

secondly, structure-based vaccine design that led to the precise, correct confirmation of the spike protein which proved to be so -- which translated into a highly efficacious vaccine. you are talking about decades of fundamental science. when people hear that, they realize this is not being rushed, that they are benefiting from the culmination of years of research. mr. slavitt: one thing we are cognizant of it is everyone has their own decision-making process. some people decide quickly, some take more time to decide. it is important we respect everybody's decision-making process. the person that you spoke about, our advice to them is talk to your doctor. talk to your pharmacist. talk to people you trust. talk to people who have taken the vaccine. and i think the picture that emerges is 130 million americans, hundreds more overseas -- significant differences in their safety, and the risk to the viruses, particularly the variants, is more high. we will give the resources to do the homework, and we think that is what is responsible for moving more people in that direction. next question. >>

vaccines used a disabled common cold virus called adenovirus to smuggle the gene from the coronavirus spike protein into your arm. so they both work in broadly the same way and that raises the possibility that something about this type of vaccine could be the explanation for this kind of very rare side effect. 30 million doses of the j&j janssen vaccine are on orderfor the uk, although it is yet to be approved. it's hoped the delay in the roll—out won't slow the vaccination drive here. the biggest concern is globally. the plan was to immunise 1 billion people worldwide with the vaccine this year. if that's disrupted, it will slow efforts to finally bring the pandemic under control. fergus walsh, bbc news. the us will withdraw all american troops from afghistan by the 11th september this year. white house officials say presidentjoe biden will make an official announcement on wednesday. this means america will miss a may deadline for a pull—out agreed with the taliban by the trump administration. in response, the taliban has said they will not attend secunder kermani is in kabul and sent us this repo

if you look at after the first dose, namely at day 29 on the responses to the spike protein and you look at the responses at day 29 versus day 43 which is after the second dose, yet again another important difference. then when you look at the neutralization after the second dose of pfizer, when you're looking at variants. concentrate on the blue shaded area. if you look at one dose, do we -- two weeks, and then three weeks after the dose, look at the effect. about one third of them had a good response against the 614 which is the standard virus. it was less when you did the 17 and nothing against 351. you had more against 614, more against to be 17, but still nothing against 351. after the second dose, both week four and week six, look at the dramatic difference. not only against the standard type but also against the one we have in this country that is dominant, b17. look at the presence of neutralizing antibodies against the 351 or south african variant. a much better advantage after the second dose. finally, what can we do to help people get their second dose on time? schedule follow

vaccines used a disabled common cold virus called adenovirus to smuggle the gene from the coronavirus spike protein so they both work in broadly the same way and that raises the possibility that something about this type of vaccine could be the _ explanation for this kind of very rare side effect. 30 million doses of thej&j janssen vaccine are on orderfor the uk, although it is yet to be approved. it's hoped the delay in the roll—out won't slow the vaccination drive here. the biggest concern is globally. the plan was to immunise i billion people worldwide with the vaccine this year. if that's disrupted, it will slow efforts to finally bring the pandemic under control. fergus, coming back to the situation here in the uk, the prime minister says lockdown is mainly what's causing the reduction in deaths, but vaccination is playing a crucial role too. absolutely. i9 absolutely. 19 out of 20 adults over 50 in the uk have had at least one dose of covid vaccine so far, that is a stunning level of uptake. and it is estimated that vaccines have prevented at least 10,000 deaths here. now, the top nine priori

into the vaccine into your arm, spike protein into the vaccine into yourarm, but spike protein into got the same characteristics as the ones we have seen in astrazeneca. good to talk to you, thank you very much, professoradam good to talk to you, thank you very much, professor adam then there, a member of the governmentsjoint member of the governments joint committee member of the governmentsjoint committee on vaccination and immunisation. an inquest into the fishmongers hall terror attack has been hearing evidence from eye witnesses this morning. convicted terrorist usman khan stabbed jack merritt and saskia jones at a prisoner rehabilitation conference on 29 november 2019. our correspondent zoe conway has been following the inquest. tell us about the evidence that has been heard this morning. irate tell us about the evidence that has been heard this morning.— been heard this morning. we have been heard this morning. we have been hearing _ been heard this morning. we have been hearing powerful— been heard this morning. we have been hearing powerful testimony i been heard this morni

vaccines used a disabled common cold virus called adenovirus to smuggle the gene from the coronavirus spike proteinthe vaccine, into your arm. so they both work in broadly the same way and that raises the possibility that something about this type of vaccine could be the explanation for this kind of very rare side effect. 30 million doses of the j&j janssen vaccine are on orderfor the uk, although it is yet to be approved. it's hoped the delay in the roll—out won't slow the vaccination drive here. the biggest concern is globally. the plan was to immunise one billion people worldwide with the vaccine this year. if that's disrupted, it will slow efforts to finally bring the pandemic under control. fergus walsh, bbc news. i spoke to the co—director of a texas children's hospital to ask what he made of the development. i ask what he made of the development.— ask what he made of the development. i think it is probably _ development. i think it is probably related - development. i think it is probably related to - development. i think it is probably related to the l probably related to the vaccine, but a

the number of cases is really concerning so there are 2 mutations in the part of the virus the spike protein that binds to our ace 2 receptor that receptor that is known to be the target of this virus and so we don't know a lot about either of these mutations we think that. that the l $452.00 are mutations on one of the 2 increases transmissibility by about 20 percent at least in other strains we see it decrease in antibody efficacy of up to 50 percent and an increase in the strength of the binding to our receptors now that's in a different strain so we don't know how that will play with the other. the other mutation but that one too appears to have some decrease of antibiotic binding which could be problematic for vaccination and for people who have already had coated and who believe that their meaning. people can now travel freely between new zealand and australia without having to quarantine after months of coordination the 2 countries and finally launched their own travel bubble for trips across the tasman sea new zealand and australia shut their borders to almost everyone except residen

assume that every new variant no matter how concerning the configuration of mutations on the spiked protein may be it doesn't make a new pandemic this is the same virus largely as the one that emerged groupon 'd china 2019 and i agree with your previous guest that probably the largest factor contributing to the purported variance of ascribed to this variant is probably the social factors people getting together assuming the pandemic was over or going masks missing mixing together at political or religious events or just you know eating indoors at restaurants and the seeming that because they were of indian descent somehow they were magically protected from coronavirus disease which we know is wrong i don't think that this new tape these mutations i mean they call it a double mutant because of the mutations on the spike one is for it for a q. which is similar to a mutation that's found in the key one variant disc described from brazil and the b 1351 variant discovered in south africa that out of a substitution at that position and then another mutation that was originally described in a vari

vaccines used a disabled common cold virus called adenovirus to smuggle the gene from the coronavirus spike proteino the vaccine, into your arm. so they both work in broadly the same way and that raises the possibility that something about this type of vaccine could be the explanation for this kind of very rare side effect. 30 million doses of the j&j janssen vaccine are on orderfor the uk, although it is yet to be approved. it's hoped the delay in the roll—out won't slow the vaccination drive here. the biggest concern is globally. the plan was to immunise one billion people worldwide with the vaccine this year. if that's disrupted, it will slow efforts to finally bring the pandemic under control. fergus walsh, bbc news. we can now speak to dr peter hotez, co—director of texas children's hospital's center for vaccine development. he joins us from houston. thank you for your time, i know you are busy. what do you make of the latest developments? well, i think of the latest developments? well, ithink it of the latest developments? well, i think it probably is related to the vaccine but an extremely r