the splm and spla give reform, or the engine and drivers for this process.nd that they got off track. the other school of thinking is that, actually you can't build an institution, regardless of the powers of the president, whoever is president in south sudan, is still the head of the government, head of the army, head of a political party with no other political party competing and the single largest employer in the country with no private sector. no institution can be built strong enough to resist an office with that kind of power. they would argue this, argues generally if you put the same people in the same government asking to discuss the same issues, why would you get a different result? and in that you have a range of solutions that have been offered. one which is an interesting one is a kind of council of elders, council of the wise, a board of directors that sits over the -- and shepherds that. another was a human protectorate to before and i know that was dismissed. in some ways i think if you look at the situation in south sudan, it's economically

one part spla-splm and written in i think lash. american english.what is the actual system in sudan in paper. it needs to rethink the idea ethnic federalism that ethiopia has. separate but equal integration over tsh how do you deal with that especially when there is fear. and the confederation is an idea. as a way to deal with new models for state building. the issue of security and justice, the goal of these two mechanisms has to be -- it has to be about demilitarizing the political system. about demilitarizing political competition there is debate. active debate. in addition to, you know, dealing with the conflict and moving beyond the conflict that the security sector, particular the army needs to be constructed in a way it is useless as a fighting force for personal, ethnic, political party agenda. so integrated. so professional. if you bring it in it falls apart. on the issue of justice and accountability, it has to satisfy the south sudanese. that's the mark. that's the measure. whether it will or won't. until justice can replace revenge, and

the splm is going to reform itself and also how the governance discussions will go forward. he raised a litany of the regional world and investigated terribly troubled region. there are many, many crises active if not going below the surface in abuja. but it's important for the regional organization igad has come together and try to address in particular this crisis and it has put a lot of its differences aside to do that. and uganda is not actually part of the radiation, said that members of igad, but they do not have immediate repair. it is ethiopia, kenya and to dan who provides the mediators to actually work with the south suit these parties and uganda has purposely stayed away from the talks itself. >> i agree with richard about this, as the ambassador said, about all these problems in the region. but the source of optimism is the pastor of south sudan. people have disagreed. people have thought, but they have always found ways to dispatch them up if they cannot resolve them entirely. i think it is patching up these problems that we don't want to continue, but these are

the discussion of how the splm is going to reform itself and also how the governance discussions will go forward. you raised a litany of sort of the regional woes and, yes, it is a terribly troubled region. there are many, many crises active if not brewing below the surface in the region, but i think it's very important that the regional organization, igad, has really come together and trying to address in particular this crisis. and it has put a lot of its differences aside to do that. and uganda is not actually part of the mediation, so they're a member of i bad, but they do not -- igad, but they do not have a mediator there. it's ethiopia, kenya and sudan who have provided the three mediators to actually work with the south sudanese parties. and uganda has, i think purposely, stayed away from the mediation talks itself. >> yeah. i agree with richard about in this, as ambassador said, about all these problems in the region. but the source of optimism is, is the past of south sudan. people have disagreed, people have fought, but they have always found ways to at least touch them upth

and has to be broader than the government and determining how to reconcile within the splm and those in opposition currently. certainly the detainees under much discussion and attention are part of the dialogue. threaten to shape the playing field. the a lot of thought gone in to how transition in to political talk. about and creating mechanism to monitor on ground by the community. olc the longest in the history theup u.n. is not the model you're going to avoid the risk you said of creating a permanent woe need to look at both to avoid network that is very hard to break. if rerecognize the unwinnable it becomes acementic. the opposition side making areas ungovernable. thing it will go and the aid will perpetuate that in the absence of any real political solution or transition. thank you. >> another round. you, sir. >> richard from the navel war college and sudan study association. i appreciate the optimistic view that has been presented the past to stability and tight. i think you're struggling to get the glass half full when in fact it is more than half empty. it seems like the mai