the chancellor naomi lynn distinguished chair in lincoln studies at the university of illinois, springfield he was born right here in washington, dc. attended phillips. okay academy andover. and he graduated from princeton and the phd from johns hopkins. as a freshman at princeton dr. berlin game took the civil war course. dot book taught by somebody we all know in the lincoln group david donald david herbert donald who took and took him under his wing and made him a research assistant in 1968. he then joined the history department at connecticut college in new london. where he taught in the may buckley sadowski, he was the may buckley sandowski professor of history emeritus. he retired in 2001. he retirement didn't agree with him apparently because he joined the faculty of the university of illinois at springfield in 2009. of course. he's the author of numerous books in publications including abraham lincoln a life the two volume green monster that he referred to in the inner world of abraham lincoln. so it grace gives me great pleasure to introduce to everyone dr. michael burlingame. well

in 1845 a state colonization society was formed in springfield that actually lasted. it took lincoln eight years to appear before that group a year after he first publicly addressed colonization in his eulogy to henry clay. in 1855 lincoln again addressed the state society lincoln apparently didn't think either of these speeches was an important enough to arrange for its publication, which is something he did for other speeches in this period the springfield correspondent for a st. louis newspaper reported that lincoln in this speech was emphatically non-committal lincoln supported the project of colonizing only if it could be accomplished without trouble without confusion. in 1857 lincoln became one of the 11 managers of the state colonization society. he was reappointed the following year since the illinois state historical state state colonization society didn't seem to have accomplished a lot these appointments appear to be honorific post in 1856 at least lincoln was a dues paying member the american colonization society. unlike steven douglas who was listed for s

once they're there, the students i talked to at springfield community technical college are are an examplethe routes you can take. you saw chris garaging from the community college into a job. one of the other students that i talked to, she's considering going to a more traditional four-year university after. there's a lot of different paths that you can take. 6 course, all of this is not passed in congress still being figured out. >> ali, the push back the community colleges have a high drop-out rate, isn't that connected to the cost? they drop out because they can't afford it. that's my take on t. >> reporter: it's part of it. the enrollment rate has dropped. over the next ten years experts believe they're going to see the enrollment rate grow bigger. and what communities have tried to do across the country is community colleges partnering with other traditional four-year universities in their community trying to strengthen that pipeline so if people want to go on they have that opportunity as well. >> nbc's ali vitali. that does it for me.

. >>> plus, the delta variant fueling -- tripling hospitalizations from springfield, missouri. >> what percentage do you think it is that people you have now are unvaccinated? >> in the hospital, it's nearly 100% of the people, hospitalized with covid pneumonia are unvaccinated. 3 out of 4 people achieved 90% clearer skin at 4 months, after just 2 doses. skyrizi may increase your risk of infections and lower your ability to fight them. before treatment, your doctor should check you for infections and tuberculosis. tell your doctor if you have an infection or symptoms such as fevers, sweats, chills, muscle aches, or coughs, or if you plan to or recently received a vaccine. ♪ nothing is everything ♪ now is the time to ask your dermatologist about skyrizi. spray, lift, skip, step. swipe, lift, spin, dry. slam, pan, still...fresh move, move, move, move aaaaand still fresh. degree. ultimate freshness activated when you move. (vo) this is more than just a building. it's an ai-powered investment firm with billion-dollar views. a cutting-edge data-security enterprise. yes, with a slide. a perf

one is in springfield. one is in the john hay library. and never be your own lawyer, but lincoln was his own lawyer in this transaction. now, okay, that's really a side story, to say the least. because they bought up all the back copies, not one copy of this paper exists. they are all gone. and somewhere i know in illinois there's got to be a copy in case any of you have relatives. it would be a very valuable relic. but let's talk about douglass' series of newspapers that had such consequence. >> he has three before the war -- before the war is over. >> three different names. >> the first one i guess is the north star. and the paper's very important. people read in those days, believe it or not. [ laughter ] and so it was very important. that's one way to get your word out to the public. and he had significant support from white readers. they were supporting it quite well. his editorials, if you look at the papers now, they are absolutely extraordinary. you know exactly what's happening at any given moment in the history of the country, e

one in springfield the other in the library never be are all on a lawyer but lincoln was his own lawyer in this transaction. that's really a side story to say the least but by the way because the bottle the back copies not one copy of the paper exists. they're all gone. somewhere i know in illinois there has gotta be a copy. in case any of you have relatives have a lot it would be a very valuable relic. let's talk about douglas is series of newspapers that had such a consequence. >> he has three before the war before the war is over >> three with his name to it >> the paper is very important. people read in those days believe it or not. it was very important. that was one way to get the word out to the public he had significant support from white readers. they were supporting him quite well. as editorials if you look at the papers now, they're absolutely extraordinary. you know exactly what's happening at any given moment in the history of the country, especially during the early warriors. and so i so much love to look at those primary sources, whenever i'm writing about douglas i use h

each year, the abraham lincoln institute in partnership with the abraham lincoln association in springfield, illinois, presents this award to a dissertation that breaks new ground in lincoln scholarship. we look for dissertations that offer fresh interpretive approaches to lincoln's life, career and legacy, or legacy, that examines new evidence or that reevaluates old themes in exciting new ways. four dissertations this year drew extensive praise. the award was dr. thomas d. mackie junior from western michigan university for his dissertation entitled a shrine for president lincoln and analysis of lincoln museums and historic sites, 1865 to 2015. so for the person who had the question about when do lincoln museums start, that's the dissertation to read. you'll know all about it afterwards. dr. mackie accepted the award at the abraham lincoln association's annual symposium last month in springfield. in his acceptance speech, he'll note the idea for the search came from what he called his own checkered background in public history. he is currently an adjunct professor of history indiana univer

and german language speakers are about 10% of the population of springfield. they are all for a lincoln because secretly he's the owner of a newspaper. lincoln at a freakishly early age. he doesn't have books in his somebody has every scrap of paper he reads newspapers wherever he can find them. early on he is writing op-ed after op-ed anonymously. many of them are partisan because the newspapers back then had a partisan affiliation, many of them like the national review today or the new republic of the nation their ideological newspapers. i think the "new york times" is actually on one side and the "washington post". >> : : : he also owns a german language newspaper, especially i have hundreds of citations to newspapers and that is one of the biggest things in the until ten years ago, five yearsa ago they were not online and searchable but now they are thread database to every academics called america's historical newspaper. i don't have to go to 40 different cities and find moldering piles of newspapers i find them online. but the truth is i didn't look at t

, tonight most missouri counties are under 40% fully vaccinated one is at just 13% hospitals in springfield are now stretched thin what do you attribute the covid surge to >> two things. one, the delta variant is very much prevalent in our community, and the second thing is the extremely low vaccination rates in southwest missouri. >> reporter: missouri leads the nation wit the highest rate of new covid infections, neighboring arkansas this week also reported a biggest one-day jump in cases in more than three months >> i don't think there's anything that says it couldn't happen in any community anywhere. >> reporter: in other states lik minnesota, the positivity rate plummeted to lowest since the pandemic began. abbott northwestern hospital, there's been a dramatic drop in covid patients doctors say those that are being hospitalized are virtually all unvaccinated what does that tell you? >> it tells me vaccines are effective reducing infections of covid, specifically severe infections requiring icu admissions. >> reporter: because of the sharp drop in covid cases, here in minnesota one pop-

cbs' omar villafranca is going to lead off our coverage tonight from springfield, missouri, where newections are rising fast. good evening, omar. >> reporter: good evening, norah. in this part of missouri, covid- 19 hospitalizations are up more than 160% in just the last month. one doctor here tells me he's seeing young people getting very sick who are not vaccinated, and that's why the c.d.c. stays despite those heart issues it still wants teens to get vaccinated. tonight, the f.d.a. is adding a warning to pfizer and moderna vaccines as the c.d.c. advisory panel is confirming the link between the vaccines and rare cases of heart inflammation in teens and young adults. the c.d.c. tracked more than 1,200 cases, most occurring after the second dose, more linked to pfizer and the vast share in males age 24 or younger. >> i woke up at 2:00 a.m. with chest pain. >> reporter: 16-year-old noah hiers was rushed to the hospital just two days after receiving his second dose. >> i was terrified. as we were driving there and noah said, "mom, it's getting worse. these chest pains are really terrib

each year the abraham lincoln institute in partnership with the abraham lincoln association in springfield, illinois presents this award to a dissertation that breaks new ground in lincoln scholarship. we look for dissertations that offer fresh interpretive approaches to lincoln's life career and legacy or legacy that examines new evidence or that reevaluates old themes in exciting new ways. for dissertations this year drew extensive praise from our discerning committee, but our deliberations were brief and without contention very laconian because one dissertation stood out for its decidedly unique focus. the winner of the 2019. hey nicolet dissertation award is dr. thomas d mackey jr. from western, michigan university for his dissertation entitled a shrine for president lincoln analysis of lincoln museums and historic sites 1865 to 2015. so for the person who had the question about when do lincoln museum start, that's the dissertation to read you'll know all about it afterwards. dr. mackey accepted the award at the abraham lincoln association's annual symposium last month in springfield.

this is the 1903 springfield 30-06 caliber. not uncommon to many individuals this was not the most common rifle issued actually the most more commonly seen in american hands was the model 17. the o3 however was a slightly lighter rifle. it had very good accuracy five round magazine. bolt action fed and this was the soldier's best friend during the war. the bayonet fixed right on there and when you were up on the line. that's how you would have met. with the rifle you had your ammunition belt. which you would carry 10 rounds in each pocket. two clips of five rounds each to your ammunition belt you would have your bayonet. your first aid pouch. canteen and equipment suspenders this was in fighting order. if you happen to be in marching order, the bayonet itself would actually be a fixed to the haversack and all of the haversack would then be attached to the belt itself able to distribute the weight now just because the weights distributed doesn't mean that it's a very p, especially when you wind up having your blanket and your te

country, most missouri counties are still under 40% fully vaccinated one is at just 13% hospitals in springfieldow stretched thin what do you attribute this covid surge to >> there are two things. one, the delta variant is very much prevalent in our community. and the second thing is the extremely low vaccination rates here in southwest missouri missouri now leads the nation with the highest rate of new covid infections neighboring arkansas this week also reported its biggest one-day jump in cases in more than three months. >> i don't think there's anything that says this couldn't happen in any community anywhere >> reporter: the positivity rate has plummeted in states like minnesota to began doctors say those that are being hospitalized are virtually all unvaccinated what does that tell you? >> i think it tells me that the vaccines have been incredibly effective at reducing infections of covid and specifically severe infections require an icu admission. >> because of that sharp drop in covid cases in minneapolis, in st. paul yesterday, a covid pop-up testing site just closed and this one at the

unvaccinated, and they add that getting the shot is the only way out. 34-year-old coleena anderson of springfield, missouri, with a warning about the coronavirus. >> this is not a fun disease. it's not something you take lightly. >> reporter: she's been battling covid for the past ten days inside one of the many missouri hospitals currently surging with new covid patients. >> there are the people who still think it's like the flu. it's not. oh, boy, is it not. >> reporter: the more contagious delta variant is now in at least 48 states making up nearly half of all infections across parts of the west and midwest. this morning a cluster of 17 new cases of the delta variant found in a nevada town. the cases are people all under 60 and unvaccinated. >> we've been seeing much younger patients needing management within the hospital, some as young as their late teens, in their 20s, in their 30s and, unfortunately, all of those unvaccinated and very sick. >> reporter: 34% of adults ages 18 to 24 have been vaccinated, the same group that's currently exhibiting one of the highest rates of infection, and now

a nurse in springfield, missouri, says her hospital beds are filling up with younger unvaccinated patients getting sicker quicker. >> what we're seeing now are the patients who are coming in who don't think that they're going to get sick from it, who aren't mentally prepared to make life and death decisions, do they want to be intubated? do you want cpr if your heart should stop? >> reporter: the biden administration now concedes it will not meet its goal of getting 70% of american adults at least partially vaccinated by july 4th saying it will likely take several more weeks. in florida pastor marcel davis is going door to door urging people to get the shot. >> i want to encourage young people to realize, yes, wake up, be woke and know the consequences. >> i've gone to at least two dozen funerals of people who have had covid, but i often say i've not been to any funerals of someone who died from the vaccine. >> meanwhile, in houston, 153 employees at a hospital system have now been fired or resigned for refusing to get vaccinated. a judge dismissed their lawsuit over the hospital's vaccine

springfield, massachusetts, i believe they have the nba hall of fame there.ld. licking off 5 shots in the air. running around pulling up on police like that acting up. and i don't know how officers did this. they come up on this guy and they don't shoot him. they actually don't shoot this guy while he's aiming this pistol at their face. it takes an amazing amount of restraint on bemove of law enforcement to handle a situation like this. these are the times of snap decisions that go through the minds of officers. >> absolutely correct. this video disturbs me down to my core. it's something i have been worried about, the environment created by the politicians not backing police officers. the doxxing when cops get into shootings. being tried for murder. police officers are afraid to take fire action. this video should be used at the police academy. clearly in a mental condition. he just fired off 5 rounds. thank god he didn't have the capacity to reload that weapon. the officers will, i would like to know what they were thinking. i'm afraid this climate is makin

it's the dominant strain in springfield where some hospitals are running low on beds. >> we're definitely seeing folks in their 20s and 30s. otherwise healthy, unvaccinated. some of the ones we saw last year there was some understood lying condition. now there's not. >> reporter: adding to the challenge, 30 million americans still need their second vaccine dose, something experts say is critical for protection against the delta variant. >> usually one shot gives you a pretty high level of protection, but not with the delta variant. what we've seen with the delta variant is if you've only gotten one shot of, let's say, the pfizer vaccine, you only have 30%, 35% protection. obviously that's way too little, >> stephanie joining us from the stadium, first time since the pandemic. back to president biden's goal of one shot for 70% of adults by july 4th. how far off that pace are we? >> well, whit, it seems like the biden administration may miss their goal. on average, about 387,000 adults are getting their first shot every day, but to reach the president's goal, that number would need to more

lincoln and not only in washington dc which is the main focus of my talk today, but even in small, springfield, illinois, we know that for example, jameson jenkins who was a conductor on the underground railroad in springfield lived on a street the same block that the president and his wife live. in washington dc the activities of the underground railroad would grow more than fourfold and we know that it impacted lincoln in 1855 before he came to the nation's capital. he said he hated to see the the poor dimples hunted down but he was a believer in property rights and that that was supreme to him. he would comment it on it several times during his life. but my mission this afternoon is to take you to the underground railroad in washington dc. and our first image is one of one of these singular institutions in that. enterprise and that is asbury methodist church. and found it in 1836. it was a linchpin in the free black community and a main stay in terms of offering services to the enslaved community of the nation's capital. it was at 11th in k where it still is today and many of its. parishion

patients are overwhelming this hospital in springfield. >> it's a lot younger population and a lot sicker population. >> reporter: dr. desiree rodriguez of houston's baylor college of medicine is looking at what's next. >> we're going to be prepared for the possibility that a booster dose may be needed. >> reporter: for now, the priority is getting shots in arms. >> this upswing is going to cause deaths. there are going to be people you know that are going to die because you were not vaccinated. >> reporter: the c.d.c. says colorado has the second most delta variant cases in the nation after missouri. colorado health officials estimate 40% of covid cases there are the delta variant. norah. >> o'donnell: all right, janet shamlian, thank you so much. well, a democratic plan to greatly expand voting rights in the u.s. failed tonight in the u.s. senate. democrats didn't come close to the 60 votes they needed to advance debate. cbs' nikole killion reports tonight from the capitol. >> reporter: the democrat-backed voting rights bill, dubbed the "for the people" act was opposed by senate republi

this is springfield gardens, new york. independent. good morning. are you with us?yes, good morning. i am appalled by the congressman's comments. over six years, why didn't you do something when the majority in congress to actually fix the problemto? >> we took several measures in the 12 years i was in congress in 1996, we passed the illegal immigration reform act to put in place many provisions that strengthen, at that time, what was i and as and 2006 and the department of homeland security was created where we consolidated the immigration customs under the department of homeland securitynt and in 2006e enacted the defense act which would have established i think about 7150 miles of the southern border so we did take measures in that 12 years i was in congress but it has been a problem for decades, previous administrations on the reportn inside and democrat side have been slow to aggressively enforce the border and it's something we are still dealing with today. >> greg, ohio, republican. >> good morning. >> you're on with john. >> talking about impeachment, the bi

i am a licensed professional counselor and i am a partner and owner of a private practice in springfield, virginia, called crescent counseling center, and we serve the dc metro area. and for the majority of the pandemic, i was the director of a community mental health agency. and typically the population that we serve are low income with limited resources and significantly increase need during the pandemic. so i've kind of seen both sides of it cycle to have you. hello g law. introduce yourself to the stream. williams. tell them who you are and what days? yes, thank you so much for having me. hi, my name is gyla marco ramos. i'm currently a student at the university of central florida, the outside of being a student. i'm a mental health advocate at the university level and national level with active minds, which is one of the largest mental health organizations, specifically for high school and college students. so i'm a universe city, i am the chapter president, and i also serve as one of the members on the national student advisory committee. thank you for taking time prestige. you've

our man, lincoln, he is the secret owner of a german language newspaper in springfield and they are about 10% of the population and secretly he is the owner of this newspaper and he doesn't have books in his home, but he reads newspapers wherever he can find them, early on he is writing op-ed after op-ed anonymously and many of them are partisan because the newspapers back then had a partisan affiliation or like the national review today or the new republican of the nation. [inaudible] >> yes, so we can reads newspapers, he writes op-ed's, he also owns a german language newspaper, especially i have hundreds of citations to newspapers and that is one of the biggest things in the book. until until 10 years ago, five years ago, they were not online and word searchable and so i don't have to go to 40 different cities and find smoldering piles of newspapers, i can just find them online. but the truth is i didn't really look at too many because i don't speak german. >> one questioner is asking about religious diversity in america during this timeframe. is that a problem? or is it somehow a bene

health officials in green county home to mercy springfield hospital estimate it is responsible for uption. >> they say the key is getting younger people vaccinated. >> it is not a political thing, it is a way to protect ourselves and each other and helping us get back to where we need to be. >> in florida the highest daily average of new cases, nearly 1400. one county having to close their administrative headquarter after two people died and several were hospitalized. many were younger and the cases were of a severity of hospitalization or death. >> the bottom line for health official social security get that vaccine. it's the vaccine that can protect you. the vaccines out there right now, craig, are standing up against this delta variant. >> did you go to the show? >> no, i did not welcome like yourself i have to get up very early but if someone had handed me a ticket i would have been happy to be there. i miss live music, i'm so glad it is coming back. >> good to see you, stephanie gosk there in midtown. dr. hilton is an associate professor at the university of virginia. let's start

erik frederick is the chief administrative on the for mercy hospital in springfield, missouri.t cases in colorado have been found in mesa county, where you are. what are you seeing there, and does the number surprise you? >> since this variant was first identified here in mesa county on may 5th, we had five cases then. today we stand at nearly 300. and we also know that because of the way testing and sequencing occurs with these variants, that's not accounting for all the cases that are here. so we are definitely operating under the assumption that it's even more widespread than our testing indicates. >> erik, we talked to someone at another hospital there in missouri earlier this week. in fact, in your same county, green county. this person said the hospital situation was worse now than at the peak of the winter surge and that his staff was just overwhelmed. can you paint the picture at your hospital, and do you have all the resources you need? >> thanks. yes, it's true. both hospitals here in town are stretched. we saw a rapid escalation in the in-patient census starting june

holde chancellor naomi lynn distinguished chair in lincoln studies at the university of illinois, springfield he was born right here in washington, dc. attended phillips. okay academy andover. and he graduated from princeton and the phd from johns hopkins. as a freshman at princeton dr. berlin game took the civil war course. dot book taught by somebody we all know

lincoln gave a speech in springfield, illinois in 1837 that picks up on these ideas, this unfinishedork because it reminds us they did not know the civil war was coming. they did not conceive of themselves as living before something but living after something. this anxiety about maintaining a legacy but also creating a legacy. they did not think we were implementing, liquidating, putting into practice a set plan. they thought we had to figure out what this plan is and means. it was a creative project. literature is interesting here as well. because you have justices like marshall and story reading literature and novels, writing letters back and forth restoring gave eight series of public speeches at harvard. the phi beta kappa address, he talked about building america a natural -- a national culture. is it we have politics figured out, at least we have a great plan but what about culture? so, he talked about novels, and particularly singled out a number of novelist. marshall wrote and took him to task for mentioning a lot of authors but not one of his favorites. the author was jane a

mackey accepted the award at the abraham lincoln associations awards in springfield. in his speech, he noted the idea for his research came from his own checkered background in public history. he is currently an adjunct professor at indiana university east in richmond, indiana. he wrote his dissertation from the vantage point of his experience as a tour guide, intern, architectural historian, trustee and as a director in a variety of history museums in michigan, new york, genia, ohio and most notably as the director of the abraham lincoln museum in tennessee. mackey was joking by calling his experience in public history a checkered past but i think there does exist, unfortunately, a divide between academic and public history, that tends to undervalue public history. abraham lincoln is our most beloved president and millions of people are drawn to lincoln sites across the country, just as they are drawn here to forts theater or the lincoln memorial. -- ford's theater. they want to walk where lincoln walked, see what he saw. for me, speaking -- mackey's dissertation off

although we're based in springfield, missouri, three quarters of our business comes from the countiesu continue through this trying time with the covid pandemic. thank you. >> thank you. >> and thank you all for being with me today. i'll see you back here tomorrow at 1:00 p.m. eastern. please follow me on twitter. the news continues next with allison and victor. ♪yeah yeah♪ ♪hey, you, we're having a party♪ ♪we'll be swinging, dancing and singing♪ ♪come on over tonight♪ your table is ready in the life artois. it's an important time to save. with priceline, you can get up to 60% off amazing hotels. and when you get a big deal... you feel like a big deal. ♪ - stand up if you are first generation college student. (crowd cheering) stand up if you're a mother. if you are actively deployed, a veteran, or you're in a military family, please stand. the world in which we live equally distributes talent, but it doesn't equally distribute opportunity, and paths are not always the same. - i'm so proud of you dad. - [man] i will tell you this, southern new hampshire university can change the whole

professor kaku is the cofounder of springfield. and he continues einstein's for a theory of everything, one that unites the four fundamental forces of the universe under a single theory. he is the science correspondent for eds this morning, hosted the popular radio program science fantastic and the host of many, many terrific educational tv shows on bbc and the discovery channel. welcome to today's program, doctor kaku class that's such a great introduction. i can't wait to hear the speaker myself. on a research physicist but i also work with bbc and the discovery channel and i get to interview some of the greatest minds of science and philosophy and every time i interviewed these people i ask them the key question. the question of all questions . the question that has haunted philosophers and scientists for generations that question is is there intelligent life on the earth? i was watching the kardashians on tv last night and no intelligent life on this planet . actually there is one question of all questions that has haunted the

louis, detroit, memphis, rose wood, chicago, springfield, do you believe we should teach those thingswhat you're saying, do you believe we should teach how the country, threat of this country, the legacy, is like a thread that's alive and well today in that massive incarceration and overcriminalization, should we teach that or are you saying no? >> those are entrenching questions when you talk about facts of the past which are apparently uncomfortable for some. i did want to get into policing, an issue i know you care a lot about. i saw the headline, i'm curious, like to tell viewers when we know things and don't, like we have clues about earlier stories tonight. we really can't tell now what's going on with the george floyd justice in policing act. there's a headline, lawmakers are reaching bipartisan agreement on police reform, call it preliminary bipartisan agreement after months of debate. interestingly some leaders credible on the issue are saying yeah, they're going somewhere. do you have insight on this, can you tell us would that include reforming police immunity in court whic

we can talk about wilmington 1898, springfield 1908, arkansas in 1919 all the way up to breonna taylor and george floyd jvrmt i think what brother biden did at least he cast a limelight. i'm glad to see that, but if he doesn't understand this as a barbaric moment in a 400-year war against black for example, psychically, politically, socially, educationally and also militarily, then he can't conclude that america -- when he says america is not a racist nation his speech just undercut that. when he said we don't have enough black homeownership. well it was his support. . he has to take responsibility for his own history or he's living in denial and if he thinks that business loans and dealing housing is going to be enough to deal with the depths and the breadth of black suffering, the poverty, the inadequate education, not enough access to health care, then, you know, he's playing a flute and we need to hear the whole symphony. i was born in greenwood, so it's a going home and i'm glad he's there but we don't need just another pretty speech that hides and conceals the depth of the suffer

we can talk about wilmington 1898, springfield 1908, arkansas in 1919 all the way up to breonna tayloreorge floyd jvrmt i think what brother biden did at least he cast a

in fact, if you are familiar with illinois and you think of springfield, illinois, it is the county justth of it with the only -- the first sitting after lincoln -- sitting -- city named after lincoln. lincoln and logan, the elder logan, even though they were across the aisle, they were friends. the younger logan followed in his father's footsteps. he wins his first of two seats in the noise state legislature -- illinois state legislature in 1853. the revised state constitution had passed five years earlier. there was a provision in that constitution that had a very draconian measure against freed african-americans. it prohibited them from settling into illinois. the legislatures between 1848 and 1853 decided not to take up that provision. the young logan was trying to make his mark with his very southern oriented district he is representing. that district is what became the lower 18 counties of illinois. it was called egypt, illinois. one of the reasons or associations with that is the most southern point, cairo. it is pronounced cay-ro. that is logan's territory. he will see that provi