the chancellor naomi b lynn distinguished chair and lichen studies at the university of illinois springfield. he's the author of several books on lincoln including and lincoln observed the inner world of abraham lincoln and the two volume american abraham lincoln a life as well as his new book, which he'll be discussing tonight. the black man's president abraham lincoln african americans and the pursuit of racial equality. noah. feldman is the felix frankfurter professor of law chair of the society of fellows and founding director of the julis rabinowitz program on jewish and israeli law at harvard university. he's the author of nine books including the three lives of james madison genius partisan president and his latest book which will be tonight the broken constitution lincoln's slavery and the re-founding of america diana. shall is professor of political science at loyola university, maryland and a non-resident senior fellow at the american enterprise institute where she focuses on american political thought and history. she is the author of several books including what so proudly we hai

you know, okay, we will dig into this, obviously, doug's opinion from springfield. of course, i bet the white house and state department were listing quite intently considering they've been following. what's been going on in iran, certainly over the last 2 months, very, very tacitly. well, this reinforces the message that the government has been presenting and which is not so much to address the grievances of the protesters, but rather to argue that outside forces are blame. and that the basic, you know, these demonstrations should be ignored or suppressed because they are a threat to a wrong. and it ties into a well established me where joe has a certain justification that is the united states in the over the past decade has intervene in iran. so this is gotta pulling that history forward, especially to a younger audience and is a way of trying to dismiss all the troubles now and to play upon nationalism to support the regime. okay, we'll talk about the relationship with the tenuous relationship with the united states. a little later hasn't just come back to you an

and she is a lecture on middle east politics at cambridge university and from springfield, virginia, under is a senior fellow at the cater institute. a welcome to all our guests has some kind of come to you 1st into iran defiant speech which attacked outside forces for the problems that iran is facing within its borders. obviously, the speech was addressed to a very high profile militia group who maintained law and order in certain parts of the country. what did you make of it? i think the address was to the by siege force, which is way more than militia. it's a multi dimensional voluntary force that is believed to be the backbone of their stomach or public the supreme leader address of the siege. and, and i think the format was signaling the strength of the support base slamming republic enjoys. i think that was directed at the west, particularly the united states, to the supreme leader accused of trying to destabilize the country. that message went also to the besieged forces and iranians in general, that destabilizing iran and weakening, get through engagement or through propagand

and came to this home in springfield. walked in and there is about 25 people ready to have tea with candidate, ambassador bush. his side on the mantle over the fireplace, it said welcome george bush and was spelled be you s c h, like anheuser bush. he came a long way. he was an asterisk in the polls, but that asterisk made a huge difference for america. and it made an even greater difference for the rest of the world. because he actually did more to introduce transformation than any other president in our history when it came to inviting people to the responsibilities of governing. yes, with the opportunities that come through democracy. but he actively made many bad leaders better leaders, because of how he led. around the world. and so, that's what transformed the world. and we're very grateful of his service. jane flutes chapel chapter about brent school cough organizing the security council is a must read. it talks about the partnership that existed, even inside the white house. normally, there is tension between diff

there was an event, he was speaking at an event in springfield, connecticut, hartfield, connecticut and i got a call from james beckett iii who was part of the campaign and said ambassador bush is speaking at an event in hartford, connecticut, 45 minutes away from springfield, massachusetts. put together a key or something for ambassador bush, i didn't know a lot of people in springfield massachusetts but i call a friend who did know people there and they gave me someone at 2:00 in the afternoon and i drove out to see where this house was and meet the people and all that kind of stuff and the next day was the day of the event and i picked up ambassador bush, we arrived at this home in springfield, locked in, 25 people ready to have the with ambassador george bush, there was a sign on the mantle over the fireplace that said welcome george bush. it was billed busch. i tell you that made a huge difference for america. he actually did more to introduce transformation than any other president in our history when it came to inviting people to the responsibilities of governing. he made bandlea

c., back to springfield, illinois, where he was laid to rest. do you want to talk a little bit about the funeral train and the way it unfolded and what the public perception of it was? >> well, that funeral car was made for lincoln to ride in it as president, but it turned out to be his funeral car because he was assassinated shortly before his term was to expire. the route the funeral train took back to springfield, illinois was similar to, with some exceptions, different than, the trip he had made to washington. there are stories about so many people putting flowers on the rails ahead of the train, that the wheels would spin and slip and they would have to get the flowers off the rails before the train could proceed. and back in the days when embalming was not the exact science that it is now, they would have to carry materials and the funeral car under the casket to touch up the face of the deceased several times on that trip. it took several days to get him, his body, over to illinois for burial. >> we're looking at a picture now, bob, of a

diana's -- the -- in springfield of 1838. lincoln was actively defending the constitution, lincoln statement there that we should be aware of people like alexander the great or ceasar, or like napoleon who in their seeking of greatness would be willing to enslaved freeman, or to free and slave people. that is an act that would be extraordinary and outside of the bounds of constitutional norms, which be wrongful. he would be clearly against this! that is because the constitution and that then existed legally mandated the continued existence of slavery in those states that chose to have slavery. that's lincoln's view. once he becomes president he confronts the reality that there have been succession by at least 7 states. he has to decide what to do about that. of course that secession is a fundamental breaking of the constitution. lincoln responded by himself breaking the constitution which i argue in three ways. i will mention each very briefly. the first is sort of surprising. we don't necessarily think of it is breaking the

a fellow in springfield had been beating his wife. lincoln and his friends told him to stop it, he didn't stop it. so they went and hauled him out and gave his wife a belt and said, lay into him. i think lincoln was by temperament a fair minded man who sympathized with the notions of feminism. and then as for black women, during the war a question arose whether widows of black soldiers, the women who had been in effect wives of black soldiers, should get a pension even if they hadn't been formally married. and lincoln said yes, yes they should be given some. so he did sympathize with black women in that particular context. i think in general he was sympathetic to the ideas and ideals enunciated at seneca falls. >> thank you very much, indeed for that. noah feldman, several questions about the constitutional arguments against secession and whether or not lincoln was correct to argue that it was unconstitutional. and your closing thoughts well? >> thank you. you now, the articles of confederation said that the union was perpetual. the c

back to springfield, illinois where he was laid to rest. do you want to talk a little bit about the funeral train in the way it unfolded and what the public perception of it was? >> that funeral car was made for lincoln to write in it but ended up being his funeral car because he was assassinated shortly before his term was to expire. the route it took back to springfield, illinois was similar to with some exceptions the trip he made to washington. the stories about so many people putting files on fires on the rails ahead of the train the wheels would spin and slip that have to get the fire off the wheels before the train could proceed. back in the days when embalming was not the exact science it is now, they would have materials in the funeral car under the casket to touchup the face of the deceased several times on that trip. it took several days to get his body back to the burial. >> we are looking a picture now, bob, a broader image of the funeral train. you won't notice the decorations that festooned the outside with the different bunt

couldn't come up and give a speech in every town, harold wrote a great book about his travel from springfield to washington, stopping to give speeches, and that was a whistle stop after campaign was over. but he also wrote letters to newspapers. he wrote public letters to an individual that he then released to the newspapers said that the people could read it. that limited him. he was also someone who haunted the telegraph office. we saw a little bit in the movie that stephen spielberg did with lincoln, where he's in the telegraph office. often, you would wait to hear -- not quite in realtime, not like today, but sooner than it would've been impossible for any of his predecessors to learn, offense on the battlefield, and then respond to them from their. so he was an innovator in both of those respects. >> roosevelt did 998 news conferences and 12 years. to a week, generally, and not just in the white house, but at hyde park, at warm springs, on destroyers returning from summit meetings in casablanca, or yalta, when he was truly exalted. well, he was exhausted. and exalted. unbelievable wrap p

faithfully as it turns out to springfield, illinois roosevelt is you know, he's a progressive. hudson valley legislator actually wins a long time republican seat for the state senate he does. well, you know the idea of going into the state legislature was a path. he laid out for himself. he was an enormous admirer. he was almost in awe of the men. he liked to call my cousin teddy actually sixth cousin once removed. so it's a pretty distant relationship, but he patterned his political track nevertheless after theodore roosevelt later on after he married eleanor. he got to call him uncle he uncle teddy instead of cousin, teddy, but the path into the state legislature and then on to assistant secretary the navy and so on that was modeled, i think quite deliberately on theodore roosevelt. yeah a roosevelt has the advantage of having a theodore roosevelt in his family and woodrow wilson in his official family and when he serves as assistant secretary of the navy tr does serve as the gives away the bride at his wedding in new york city. in a in a mother and son townhouse near the met

ethost: springfield, massachusetts. david, independent line. >> yeah, my whole thing with congress is they talk about the constitution and what we are guaranteed, which is life, liberty and pursuit of happiness. my problem with this year has been the abortion issue. why weye still would allow equal to kill unborn people and especially with women, why would they think it's already to kill unborn women if they are women themselves? i know that younger women go what is your opinion on this? we've gone so low to not respect the least among us. host: tieing into legislation. when we see abortion proposals, federal abortion proposal come out of republicans in the housea guest: no, that's not going anywhere but might be an effort for nation-wide abortion ban and republicans that want that and believe what the, caller believs is that lifeha begins at conception and any abortion, even very early is the chyling of a e human being. i don't know anybody thinking this issue going anywhere in the house. it's sort of interesting to se

moving up, first through to springfield, massachusetts.ringfield, hawkins records at daybreak on 14 april, all three divisions march out, followed by a baggage train. he records eight wagons, 21 teams. 21 teams to be pulling these wagons. those have got to be really having wagons. and they definitely are. because what is on the? loaded with spades, shovels, axes, picks, carbines, horseman swords, pistols, and other military stores. the carpenters tools, armors tools, provisions. they are out to really cut this road and they are taking all the tools with them. so think four minute what that would look like to the communities through which there is a baggage train going with these soldiers in these three divisions. who may not have seen a lot of soldiers up to this point. but they are moving through. this is part of hazen engaging the populace. it is not just the tools to cut the road, this is, if you will, to show the flag in this area. this is a border land on this revolutionary frontier, where much of the action is beyond their but they a

, massachusetts at springfield hawkins records at daybreak on 14 april all three divisions, march out followed by a baggage tree. he records eight wagons 21 teams. 21 teams to be pulling these wagons. those have got to be really heavy wagons and they definitely are because what's on them loaded with spades shovels axes picks carbines horseman's swords pistols and other military stores carpenters tools armorers tools provisions. they are out to really cut this road and they're taking all the tools with them. so think for a minute what that would look like. to the communities through which this baggage train is going with these soldiers in these three divisions. who may not have seen a lot of soldiers up to this point? but they are moving through this is part of hazen engaging the populace. it is not just the tools to cut the road. this is if you will to show the flag in this area. this is a borderland on this revolutionary frontier where much of the action is beyond there, but they are not forgotten. okay, we're sending troops up there to deal with issues. they are worried about. and o

, massachusetts at springfield hawkins records at daybreak on 14 april all three divisions, march out followed by a baggage tree. he records eight wagons 21 teams. 21 teams to be pulling these wagons. those have got to be really heavy wagons and they definitely are because what's on them loaded with spades shovels axes picks carbines horseman's swords pistols and other military stores carpenters tools armorers tools provisions. they are out to really cut this road and they're taking all the tools with them. so think for a minute what that would look like. to the communities through which this baggage train is going with these soldiers in these three divisions. who may not have seen a lot of soldiers up to this point? but they are moving through this is part of hazen engaging the populace. it is not just the tools to cut the road. this is if you will to show the flag in this area. this is a borderland on this revolutionary frontier where much of the action is beyond there, but they are not forgotten. okay, we're sending troops up there to deal with issues. they are worried about. and o

jose. >> maggie vespa in springfield.rting from "the washington post," which points to a shift in how latino voters view abortion rights and the importance when deciding how to vote. joining us now the reporter from "the washington post." great seeing you. what are you learning in your reporting? >> so the post poll that we conducted not too long ago found that latinos, the majority of them are in favor of abortion rights. that goes against a lot of long-held assumptions and beliefs we've had about this generally democratic electorate, conservative on issues like guns and abortion. but we found the opposite is true. latino voters are very much in support of abortion rights. and therefore, could be, you know, that issue could be key in some of these close races where latino voters matter. >> and silvia, a pew research center poll said 57% of latinos said abortion should be legal in all or most cases. but the polls have changed in how they view abortion. what did you learn about that? >> it was interesting. so 20 years ago,

should go -- the abraham lincoln museum in springfield should go. it is memorable because it is an exhibit where they flash holograms on the walls of people in 19th century clothes, and as you walk through the exhibit, they are yelling things at you that they wrote to abraham lincoln, and they are horrible, and so it is very impactful because you walk through and realized, you know, that it is not obviously, sort of, everybody in the past -- of the horrific tragedy of the civil war is the worst example, but we have had periods of time before werther was -- before where there was obvious victory -- obvious vitriol and toxicity. we came through a. of -- we came through a period of time. so when you are face-to-face with people, when the families spend time together, you know, it makes it much more difficult to, you know, get in these partisan battles where you say horrible things about each other. i think social media has made that much easier, and that level of toxicity is dangerous for a republic, and the live, the lie about the election, that is a

abraham lincoln of springfield, illinois, by cleaving and taking some of the heart and soul out of the lincoln field. the good news, if there can be any, since there was a cost to. all this to stephen was that out of that fragmentation came a group called the lincoln forum about which more in a moment and other group's and days of new collegial events replace that single winter day that brought people together in lincoln's hometown not. to mention a new golden age in civil war history in which i wish stephen had enjoyed more opportunity to participate in and which i wish the lincoln field had the to insist that he did. but stephen's contract final abandoned as we've heard recorded documentation for a unique and arresting blend of fact and fiction in the tradition. we've heard faulkner. but as he said of mark twain tonight, or the belle of amherst with a touch of faulkner and he said, robert altman and john sayles thrown and that's quite a soup. but also in the tradition of say monet stephen made his art increasingly abstract as if he was seeing things more clearly than ever. and it was

. >> springfield massachusetts independent line. >> talk about the constitution with the pursuit of happinessut with the abortion issue why we would still allow people to kill unborn people. why would they think it's all right to kill unborn women if they are woman themselves? so what is your opinion on this? host: time that into legislation with the federal abortion proposals come out of the republican house? >> no. that's not going anywhere maybe to the nationwide abortion ban what the caller believes is that life begins at conception it is the killing of a human being. i don't know anybody who thinks this is going anywhere it is interesting to see congress and then the answer is to pass protection for same-sex marriage and interracial marriage because that justice thomas has confirmed those could be overturned. and it all comes down to who decides? is it up to the woman? orct doctrine family what kind of role does the government play the government did play a role and it did map out a system for the states to set limits in the courts certainly allowed restrictions and requirements to obtai

host: let's hear from springfield,, massachusetts david,, independent line.aller: this congress talks about the constitution and what we are guaranteed, which is life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. my whole problem this year has been the abortion issue. why we still would allow people to kill unborn people, and especially with women, why would they think it is ok to kill unborn women, if they are women themselves? i know you are a woman, so what is your opinion on this? we have gone so low to not respect the least among us? host: tying it into legislation, will we see if all abortion proposal come out of a republican house? guest: no. there might be an effort for a nationwide abortion ban. there are republicans who want that, who believe what the caller believes, which is that life begins at conception, and even an early abortion is the killing of a human being. i do not know anyone who thinks this issue is going anywhere in the house. it is interesting to see congress taking the dobbs decision, which sends abortion rights back to a state-by-state pa

. >> let's hear from springfield massachusetts, david on the independent line. >> my hope is they talk about the constitution and what we are guaranteed like liberty and the pursuit ofof happyness. my problem this year has been the abortion issue and why we still would allow people to kill unborn people and especially a woman why would they think it's all right to kill unborn women if they are women themselves. i know that you are a woman so what is your opinion on this? we have gone so low to not respect the least among us. >> tying it into legislation and what we see on the federal abortion proposals coming out of the republican house. >> puthat's not going anywhere. there might be an effort for the nationwide abortion ban there are republicans who want that who believed what the caller believed which is that any abortion even a very early abortion is the killing of a human being. i don't know anybody who thinks this issue was going anywhere in the house. it's a sort of interesting to see congress taking the dog's decision which sent abortion rights back to a state-by-state patchwork

i think they moved to arlington, virginia from springfield. hopefully i can talk to him and see of these issues can be put in their newspaper. host: thanks. ed, jacksonville, florida. thank you for calling in. when did you serve? caller: vietnam for two and half years. i served in afghanistan and served in iraq. i got all my t-shirts. host: how many years did you serve in the military? caller: a total of 40. once i got out of vietnam i went into the national guard full-time. most my deployments with the national guard. the first 30 years was with the active-duty component. addressing the issues, the issues with the guard. there's a difference between the active component and the tricare in the guard. the guard takes the short end of the stick. their prices are different for the cost benefits and stuff like that. that is one of the issues i would like to see addressed. host: in what way? explain to folks what tricare is if you can. guest: it is a health care program taking care of veterans. when the military service member leaves, he's entitled

shane from springfield, massachusetts, jesse, i love hearing you try to pronounce towns from massachusetts -- i don't think that is real. go jump in it. that's all for us. dvr the show. if you can understand crypto, try to dvr the show. i'm waters. this is my world. tucker is next. >> good evening. welcome to tuck tuck tonight. i'm tulsi gabbard standing in for tucker. at this point in time, it looks like republicans will take control of the house of representatives and democrats will hold on to the senate. now, we've spent all week hearing nothing but pundits pontificating what happened in this election. if you're like me, you had enough of that. it's time to

you better believe i'm coming with my springfield xds. >> the swamp is not truly drained until we'veligators to the wall. >> they never name names because they can't. >> second term kicks off with find rate, find fauci, i will put their heads on pikes, right, put them on corners of the white house as a warning. >> that's what i'm saying. >> if you do not fight like hell, you are not going to have a country anymore. >> fight for trump! fight for trump! >> now, which republican official or candidate has ever condoned or in any way encouraged any type of violent assault? can you start naming them? i can't. >> while, we just did for you. i hope that clears it up. so, everyone can start bringing down the temperature. and on that very important note, i wish you all a very good night. from all of our colleagues across the networks of nbc news, thank you for staying up late. i will see you at the end of tomorrow. >> tonight, on all in -- >> mick notice -- mistake. democracies on the ballot for all of us.

joining us now, yamiche in springfield, michigan.ali in dell ray beach. talk to me about the abortion measure and how it's playing in the governor's race. >> reporter: all eyes are on michigan and proposal three is going to possibly enshrine abortion rights into the state constitution. now governor whitmer, a democrat running for re-election here, she's been centering her campaign and her closing argument on pushing for abortion rights saying she's there to protect women's rights. she's also been campaigning alongside pro-abortion advocacy groups, also saying not november, but rovember and saying inflation should be the thing that's top of mind. her message, dixon, the republican who's going to be here in a few hours, she's been saying while abortion rights are important, she's saying this is really a conversation about the economy. about businesses. this should be a conversation of ending covid restrictions. all this being said, the voters here have abortion top of mind because even though it's been said that abortion is on the ball

cannot get up and give a speech and every time, harold for the great book about his travels from springfield to washington. president elect stopping to give a speeches. that was not part in, kind of a whistle stop to the campaign was over. he also wrote letters to newspapers. he wrote public letters to an individual that he then released to the newspapers. so that the people could read it. that-limited him. he was also someone who haunted the telegraph office. and we saw a little bit in this movie, stephen spielberg did with lincoln, where he's in the telegraph office. often he would wait to hear not quite in realtime, not like today, but sooner than it would've been possible for any of his predecessors to learn, of events on the battlefield. and then respond to them from there. so he was an innovator in both of those respects. >> roosevelt did not hundred and 98 news conferences in 12 years. to a weak, generally. and not just in the white house but in hyde park at williams springs on destroyers, returning from summit meetings in casablanca or real also, when he was truly exalted. he was exh

his body came back from washington dc to springfield, illinois where he was going to be buried and as part of that procession for americans to pay their last respects to him came down broadway in new york city. and here's the photograph of the procession and you can see right here. there's some people looking out of windows if we zoom in over here, you can see these two little boys looking out the window. we know that this was theodore roosevelt's grandfather's house. and that this is tr in his little brother elliot who actually had kind of a front row to lincoln's funeral procession. lincoln would be a hero and a model for tr during his own presidency is very interesting that again he's kind of a front-row witness to some of these events. so the civil war era. even though he would eventually become known as kind of a man's man and advocate of the strenuous life. that was not always the case. he grew up weakened by various ailments as a young boy. asthma was probably the greatest plague that he suffered from and he had asthma really badly. i won't ask for show of hands if anyone in he

his body came back from washington dc to springfield, illinois where he was going to be buried and as part of that procession for americans to pay their last respects to him came down broadway in new york city. and here's the photograph of the procession and you can see right here. there's some people looking out of windows if we zoom in over here, you can see these two little boys looking out the window. we know that this was theodore roosevelt's grandfather's house. and that this is tr in his little brother elliot who actually had kind of a front row to lincoln's funeral procession. lincoln would be a hero and a model for tr during his own presidency is very interesting that again he's kind of a front-row witness to some of these events. so the civil war era. even though he would eventually become known as kind of a man's man and advocate of the strenuous life. that was not always the case. he grew up weakened by various ailments as a young boy. asthma was probably the greatest plague that he suffered from and he had asthma really badly. i won't ask for show of hands if anyone in he

procession, in the spring of 1865, after he had been assassinated, his body came back from washington to springfield, illinois, where he was going to be buried. that's for americans to pay their last respects to him. he came down broadway, in new york city. here's the photograph of the procession. you could see, right here, some people looking out of windows. if we zoom in over here, you can see these two little boys looking out the window. we know that this was roosevelt's grandfather's house. this is tr and his little brother, elliott, who had a front row seat to lincoln's funeral procession. lincoln was a hero and model for tr during his own presidency. it's interesting that he was a front row witness to these events of the civil war era. even though he would eventually become known as a man's man, and advocate of strenuous life, that was not always the case. he grew up weekend by various illnesses, as a little boy. as my was probably the greatest played he suffered from. he had asthma really badly. a show of hands if anybody who has asthma, if you know anybody who does it. was a very difficult t

was taken by the fact that talked about john brown much because i grew up in a black church in springfield that john brown had attended when he was traveling, but he was a regular member of that congregation. and in fact, his bible is still there. we used to see it when we went to sunday school and see that the john brown bible, which is safely locked up, but in the building. so i'm really excited about panel. we have some wonderful today very distinguished biographers and journalists and i also want say that at the outset we are going to each speak for 12 to 15 minutes. i will introduce them in the order in which people will speak. and at the end we've left 15 minutes. so all of you can ask of the panelists. and i'm really looking forward to the congress session that will will take place that next to me is carla kaplan. she is the davis professor of american literature, professor of women's gender and sexuality studies at northeastern university. she examines african-american women's history and culture. she is the author of seven books, including this in harlem the white women of the bla

. >> good afternoon, i'm here at springfield michigan at a rally for tudor dixon, a republican runninge is expected to take the stage and running against proposal 3 which is this referendum voted on to enshrine voting rights into the michigan constitution. i was speaking to tudor dixon supporters this afternoon and here is what they told me. >> i am pretty much against abortion and the way that pop session is worded, it is just not something i want. >> i want women to have equal care and i want them to have safe care, and i don't feel like proposal 3 would give the opportunity with the lingo that is written in that. and i also believe in giving all children a chance. >> reporter: so you heard it here, the people that are at this rally are pretty much against proposal 3. everyone here that i've talked to is, and they were of course taking issue with the way that the proposal is worded. so i want to put up for people what exactly voters in the state will see when they go to cast their ballots and the proposal says this, to establish new individual rights for reproductive freedom includin

host: text message hi doctor anderson him from springfield missouri what do you believe is the most importantge that ministers should speak to in our world today? >> i love that question that is what i hear from william barbour that this is a guide and in jesus for all of us to help all of us we have to heal the sick and feed the hungry and we have to do that work there is a greater humanity at stake.rl the question earlier of christianity this is right talk about folks putting their hands on god and using the power to put forth their own agenda. common to move in that way for a better world. a kinder and much more humane world and then getting folks out there registered to vote and to the polls so that political realm is so important with a much kinder and gentler america. host: las vegas go ahead. >>caller: you are knocking me out. everything that i have heard is amazing. thank you for taking my call i grew up in los angeles. i am 71 and i grew up with kidsof who never heard of john hope franklin my earliest memory was thehe mccarthy hearings but i did not know what they were i just heard m

back to chicago, through illinois and michigan canal, which i'll mention a little bit back down to springfield and then worked until the next session of congress several months later. so on this cruise, on this steamship, this is where we think he wrote this fragment. and when you look at this fragment, you can see there's tons and tons and tons of science. so he starts off in this fragment talking about, well, you know, the physics of it is no great wonder, you know, you have a river. it's flowing along nicely. and then he hits a perpendicular jog. so basically he finds a cliff, falls off of it, crashes into into that river below it sends up a lot of mist and if it's sunny, you'll get perpetual rainbows. okay he says that's no big, big stretch. and everybody knows that i actually and i talk about in the book how i think he really he understood how rainbows are formed more than most people because he does he talks a lot about how the eye works. so i think he understood that rainbows are formed when the sunlight hits the water droplets which act like prisms and split the light into its componen

from illinois to washington on a train from springfield and had stops all along the way so people got to see the first lady before inauguration. so it really was important beginning to travel around the country is around the country so citizens who won't normally be able to be in washington get a sense of who the first family is and mrs. wilson went abroad than with withrow wilson the second mrs. wilson, correct? yes the war. yes, and just before that. this is a another topic that that comes together first lady scholars tend to look at when did first ladies begin to campaign with their husbands? and so these opportunities to with the husband? began to overlap with campaigning some wives went either throws out went for example on trips when he was campaigning not even always for himself and in part to see what he did, you know, so it was useful first ladies or potential first ladies to see how their husbands interacted with the public. so edith. well the second mrs. wilson. ellen wilson was woodrow wilson's first wife and she died in the white house. so when president wilson remarried

early on after the train, the lincolns came from illinois to washington from a train on springfield and had stops all along the way, so people got to see the first lady before the inauguration. it really was important. >> so beginning to travel around the country's important. >> yes. it's important. the other sense of who the first lady's. >> mrs. wilson went abroad with woodrow wilson, the second mrs. wilson after the war. >> just before that, this is another topic that comes together, first lady scholars tend to look at when did first ladies begin to campaign with their husbands? so these opportunities to travel with the husband began to overlap with campaigning. some wives went, edith roosevelt went for example on trips when he was campaigning. not even always for himself. in part to see what he did. it was useful for first ladies or potential first ladies to see how they're husbands interact with the public. so edith, the second mrs. wilson, ellen wilson was woodrow wilson's first wife and she died in the white house. so when president wilson remarried, his second wife, edith went a