school, district lines and redrawn those lines and had affected busing and transfer plans to make sure certain schools stayed black and certain schools stayed white. and in 1964 the parents and students in springfieldd a lawsuit against the city. the naacp took up that lawsuit, and robert carter argued the lawsuit, and robert carter was, of course, thurgood mar hall's second in -- marshall's second in command during the brown v. board case. and carter eventually won the case. to this school board of a liberal northern city, the liberal leaders kept saying we're not segregationists. if we were segregationists, we would have said that white kids had to go to these schools, and black kids had to go to these schools. they kept saying, we're color blind, we're color blind. which is a defense you still here liberal whites give. and robert carter said to them you can't be color blind in a scenario that's segregated, that's already segregated. if you're color blind, then you're acceding to those conditions. and so robert carter said you have to come up with a plan that's not color blind, that is sees race -- that sees race and that undoes these patterns that were already put in place intentionally by you.