after the soviets launched sputnik, the country went a little nuts. how did the soviets get ahead of the united states? it was unthinkable. ike told the public that there was "no reason to get hysterical," but there was an uproar, and many people claim schools were not doing their jobs. in their defense, one spokesman for the national education association asked how any nation that paid its teachers and average salary of $4200 a year could expect to be the first into space. lawmakers responded to sputnik with the national defense education act, which put millions of dollars into training teachers, funding college scholarships putting modern equipment into classrooms, and expanding science and math curricula. gallup polls at the time show that a majority of americans believed that it was up to students to work harder and to compete against their soviet counterparts at all grade levels. in retrospect jim rice, who was elected to congress in 1954 and when eventually become speaker of the house, wrote in his autobiography, "the cold war dominated and in s

that law was a consequence of congress's fear of the success of the soviet union's launch of sputnik. now, president obama has said that we're again in a sputnik moment, that we need to react the way that congress did and think about where are we headed and what the nature of our society is and what the real threats are. for example, the national defense education act, i think, needs to be updated today with something like a national defense education information and knowledge act, something that would provide subsidies to get more graduates of colleges and universities among ordinary people who are quite capable of succeeding in a knowledge-based global economy, because if we don't have a work force that's productive and creative, it's going to have, and is having, a negative impact in terms of our security. >> hinojosa: so what is it that you want people to do, professor bowie? >> well, know what you're consuming and why. try to use it to empower not only yourself and your communities. i was an advisor to the knight commission that studied the types of content needed in order to ena

prabhakar: here's an agency created after sputnik, specifically created to prevent that kind of technologicalprise. you know, we exist not to do those incremental things that are very necessary. we exist specifically to do the technologies that allow for big steps forward in capability. darpa is the pentagon's high-tech laboratory. today darpa is led by dr. arati prabhakar, a caltech ph.d. with decades of silicon valley experience. tonight she explores darpa's past and future, and her own personal journey with john markoff of the new york times.

everyone's a friendly face ♪ ♪ astroblast ♪ ladies and gentlemen boys and girls here is your crew-- sputnikjet, sal, and comet. ♪ astroblast ♪ ooh! i just have to get this for everyone. th're gonna love it! woman: thank you for your order from the galookian kooky catalog of fun space stuff. your order has been received. it will arrive by 12 p.m. today. yay! i can't wait! can't wait for what? i got you guys all a present! you did? cool! that was so nice of you, halley. i saw it in the galookia

everyone's a friendly face ♪ ♪ astroblast ♪ ladies and gentlemen boys and girls here is your crew-- sputnikt. ♪ astroblast ♪ there you go, bob-- the usual, just like... usual. thanks. hey, you two. what'll it be? mi meep! mi mi meep meep. eh...ha ha. come again? oh, my gosh! look at them! they're so cute. mi meep! ♪ mi mi mi mi mi mi ♪ ♪ mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi ♪ ah! what's that annoying noise?

everyone's a friendly face ♪ ♪ astroblast ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, here is your crew-- sputniket, sal, and comet. ♪ astroblast i got 'em. i got 'em! everybody, i got 'em! got what? the ckets to the carly cosmos concert tomorrow night at the stardome! both: aah! let me see! let me see! uhh. carly cosmos. yes. the carly cosmos. both: i love carly cosmos! how did you get these? i was on hold all day but it was worth it. big deal. i saw him on tv and i didn't think he was so great.

the education problem response to sputnik. all of these things have were.this is not republican versus democrat. this is a proven recipe in it. but we had the highest debt to gdp ratio. >> host: you have a section inside. that is about where we should go. talk about putting america back to work. for those folks who are maybe not going to read the book and more importantly no one should not read the book. but this moment where we are in america and a political context. we have a hotly contested republican primary, a democratic primary and discussions about inequality that has animated your entire career i think fully on the agenda. one of the great things. so this is a moment. a presidential debate is when you're supposed to say this is where i want to take the country. if you are running for the nomination in any party, what would be your agenda? what would you do? >> i would say we are not going to reverse something i've inequality in the making for a third of the century. we are not going to reverse it overnight. but if we don't begin now they have the wo

the rose problem, the education education problem, the response to sputnik, all these things, and it worked. so it's not republican versus democrat. this democrat. this is a proven representative -- proven recipe that served america and the time when we had the highest debt to gdp ratio. >> you have a section of the great divide that is about policy. you talk about putting america back to work. for those folks who are maybe not going to read the book and more importantly i should be no one. this moment all we are in america and a political contest. a very hotly contested republican primary my democratic primary. these questions about inequality are thankfully all on the agenda. >> great things. >> yeah. so this is a moment. a presidential debate is when you're supposed to say this is where want to take the country. if you are running for the nomination and any party what would be your agenda? what would you run on at this moment of historic political and economic time. >> look, we're not going to reverse something, inequality that was in the making for a 3rd of the century. controver

don't walk outside because a spees of sputnik is going to fall on your head or you'll get a horrible disease. >> i have come to realize over the years that you're right. you have swayed my logic. >> don't tempt fate. if you want to get -- you don't want anything that happens 1 in 3 million times happening to you. >> freak out. >> you don't want it happening. coming up the ceo of i.t. products and then later bove on why he says bank stocks are undervalued, plus pity the fool sucka. >> nice. >> he's had health issues. i'm so well that he's coming in to see us. that mr. t, do you remember what his name was? we're going to play that music. stay tuned. we'll be right back. you probably know xerox as the company that's all about printing. but did you know we also support hospitals using electronic health records for more than 30 million patients? or that our software helps over 20 million smartphone users remotely configure e-mail every month? or how about processing nearly $5 billion in electronic toll payments a year? in fact, today's xerox is working in surprising ways to help companies