st. paul. this minnesota state capitol is the third capitol building built in st. paul. the first was built in downtown even whenn the 1850's labor still a territory. they expanded that space. the 1881, it was a brick and wood building that was no longer serving the purposes of minnesota very well. the fire burned to the ground. there was a second capital built in the same location. it was a functional space but not meeting the needs of expanding state government of minnesota. the ventilation was not very good. even a few years after that had been built and occupied, there was discussion among the legislature to say we need to find a building that is permanent and going to accommodate the needs of the public as well as our growing state government. there was a commission put together, a board of capital commissioners in the 1890's. they chose an architect to build this third and present-day state capitol. they had a groundbreaking in 1896 and it opened to the public the first week of january 1905 it was open for the legislative session. if you were to walk into the build

st. paul, minnesota. to learn more about this, visit c-span.org. look atnue now with our the history of st. paul. this is american history tv on c-span3. >> this minnesota state capitol is the third capitol building built in st. paul. the first was built in downtown st. paul in the 1850's even when labor still a territory. they expanded that space. by 1881, it was a brick and wood building that was no longer served the purposes of minnesota very well. a fire burned to the ground. there was a second capitol built in the same location. it was a functional space but not meeting the needs of expanding state government of minnesota. the ventilation was not very good. even a few years after that had been built and occupied, there was discussion among the legislature to say we need to find a building that is permanent and going to accommodate the needs of the public as well as our growing state government. there was a commission put together, a board of capitol commissioners in the 1890's. they chose an architect to build this third and present-day state c

. >> as a part of booktv's recent visit to saint paul, minnesota, we stoppe stopped by the minnesa historical society library to learn about the impact st. paul has had on pop culture on a national scale. >> our library stacks and the like to think of it as a library of libraries. the native american material which is especially rich in the minnesota native americans. we have a nearly complete collection of books from the 19 century on the civil war and beating of that on the abolitionist movement. so this is a little bit of a glimpse. what i've done is pulled some of my favorites, the things that i consider treasures and love and i'm going to show those to you individually. a good place would be to start with our map collection. we've collection of 50,000 maps and they go from the mid-1500s to maps that were probably on the press yesterday. we get maps daily. this is a map from 1581, and i like starting with this would have a group of schoolkids because there's no here, here. if you look in the center of the continent there is not a single great light, there is not a mississippi river, there's nothing know about the interior of the con

st. paul, minnesota. to learn more about the cities on our tour, visit c-span.org. we continue with our look of the history of st. paul. this is american history tv on c-span3. alexander ramsey was a politician who achieved recognition and people don't realize that. he was not from minnesota. he and his wife or from pennsylvania. 1815. born in he rose through the ranks, he started as a lawyer and then became involved in the whig party, served in congress, and that is how he made connections. his would help him later in life, including working for zachary taylor. taylor was so grateful the work a pointid, he wanted to in the first territorial governor of minnesota. first had a career from territorial governor, the mayor of st. paul, second elected state governor, u.s. senator, serving washington, and secretary of war. we are not sure why taylor chose alexander ramsey to be the first territorial governor. actually ramsey was the third choice. what if history went a different direction? who were the other people? ramsey did except. he and his wife or hesitant to come to

st. paul, minnesota. and this is where a piece of my heart is. there are people that look and feel like my mom and dad. and i think at first everything looks the same, all the clothing and the embroidery. it all looks the same until you find out who made that particular outfit and who created that particular necklace. and it's really like a different country. i think that it is becoming one of the attractions at st. paul. and when people come here to st. paul, more and more people are telling them to come here. every time i come here there is more and more diversity

st. paul, minnesota. >> st. ul in the 1930's, i would not call it las vegas, but it was a very lively city because the gangsters brought their gun molls. during prohibition, you had the biggest jazz artists of the decade here in st. paul. it was a very lively place, partially because the gangsters were welcome here. virtually every major gangster, kidnapper, and bank robber in america lived and worked within a three block radius of where we are standing today. john dillinger, they be faced carpus.alvin "creepy" people don't know that because there's no statues of these gangsters but this was the epicenter of 1930's crime in the era of john dillinger. the federal bureau of investing haitian under j edgar hoover had -- the federal bureau of investigation under j edgar hoover had their center here. sent tongsters were other prisons across america. it's where it began and ended. we are standing here at historic looking over the junction of the minnesota mississippi rivers. st. paul is located up the mississippi river

st. paul minnesota. what is a poet laureate of st. paul minnesota?hestrate or organize a reading by writers events once a month at the university club in st. paul. writer to write their own books or writers who are new writers and so on. we have this reading once a month and we're getting great big audiences of over 100 which is a lot for a poetry reading. i do this serious which i consider my sort of gift to the poets in minnesota really. >> can you talk about the literary community in st. paul? what type of community isn't? >> i think wit we have a very vibrant literary community in st. paul and in minneapolis to st. paul, literary is respected and revered and tons of people are writing poetry and many people are getting published and then we have the stars like garrison keillor. just the guy down the street who decided to write a few poems and the turn t

st. paul minnesota. you are watching american history tv on c-span 3. >> this minnesota state capitol is the third capitol building built in st. paul. the first was built in downtown st. paul in the 1850's even when labor still a territory. they expanded that space. by 1881, it was a brick and wood building that was no longer served the purposes of minnesota very well. a fire burned to the ground. there was a second capitol built in the same location. it was a functional space but not meeting the needs of expanding state government of minnesota. the ventilation was not very good. even a few years after that had been built and occupied, there was discussion among the legislature to say we need to find a building that is permanent and going to accommodate the needs of the public as well as our growing state government. there was a commission put together, a board of capitol commissioners in the 1890's. they chose an architect to build this third and present-day state capitol. they had a groundbreaking in 18

st. paul and the police made sure you as a gangster got whatever you needed. the fbi were trustworthy and not corrupt. crazy thate fbi police in st. paul, minnesota, were in the pockets of gangsters . when ma barker was living on south roberts street in st. paul, only a few miles from where we're standing today, the fbi got a tripwhen ma barker wad her dad boys were there. the barker gang. the fbi raced to the house. by the time they got there, the barker gang was gone, tipped off by the same call police. there was no love lost between the fbi of j edgar hoover, and the corrupt local police who were taking bribes, on the take from the underworld. to, in a way, live the high life and leave a good-looking corpse. that is what happened. they ate well and slept with you for women, drank wonderful line. i think the gangsters knew their lives were short and they lived that gangster life in st. paul. quests throughout the weekend, american history tv is featuring st. paul, minnesota. our tour staff recently traveled to learn about its rich history. tour more on c-span's city . you're watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend, on c-span th

st. paul, minnesota. after the war of 1812, the u.s. government traded extensively with indian tribes of the upper mississippi. st. paul's rotation at the junction of the mississippi and minnesota rivers made a trade hub. to protect its interests in the area, the government established fortune-telling which was completed in 1825. our comcast cable partners were with c-span's tour staff when we traveled there to explore the area's rich history. learn more about st. paul all weekend here on american history tv. this minnesota state capitol is the third building built in st. paul. the first one was built in downtown st. paul in the 1850's. even when we were still a territory. 1881, it was a brick and wood building. it to theire burned ground. there was a second capital at that location and it was a functional space, but not meeting the needs of the expanding state government of minnesota. very goodation wasn't so even a few years after that was built and occupied, there is discussion amongst the legislature to say we need to find a building

st. paul minnesota. what is a poet laureate of st. paul minnesota? >> guest: at all sort of started when a legislator put a bill in the legislature to make a poet laureate since many states have one. the governor at the time vetoed saying next you'll be asking for a poet dancer and a poet potter and even though making a poet laureate cost no money to the state because it goes through commission. there's absolutely no cost to anyone. a friend of mine had a meeting with chris coleman and she said we should have a poet laureate and he said done. that's how hard i had to work to get appointed. >> host: what is a poet laureate do? >> guest: you can do whatever you want. people do different things with their laureate ship and the thing i do is since i was appointed i think it was in 2007 i orchestrate or organize a reading by writers once a month at the university for writers who have new books for writers who are new writers. we have readings every month and we are getting great audiences of over 100 which is great for poetry reading. i consider it my gif

st. paul, minn. we stopped by the minnesota historical society library to learn about the impact st. has had on pop culture on a national scale. ♪ >> the public doesn't come in to the stacks. they have things paged for them. this is $500,000 collection so this is just one of the levels of our library stacks and i like to is think of it as a library of libraries. we have an incredible collection of native american material which is especially rich in the minnesota native americans. we have a nearly complete collection of books from the nineteenth century on the civil war and beating of to that on the abolitionist movement. so this is a little bit of a glimpse. what i have done is pulled some of my favorites, the things that i consider treasures and love and i am going to show those to you individually. we could probably start, a good place would be with our map collection. we have a collection of almost 50,000 maps and they go from the mid 1500s to maps that were probably on the press yesterday afternoon. we get maps daily. this is a map from 1581 and i like starting with this when i

st. paul, minnesota. about st. paul and other stops on c-span poshard city to her, at www.c-span.org, and local content. you are watching5 -- watching "american history tv" which is on all weekend, every weekend. >>

st. paul, minnesota.bundant at this time of year, the creatures with wings like orange stained glass are disturbingly rare. what changes have you seen? >> well, i'm certainly seeing a lot fewer monarchs. >> reporter: this conservation biologist reports a 90% decline nationwide since 1995. now environmental activists are asking the u.s. fish and wildlife service to declare the monarch a threatened species. the average adult monarch weighs as much as a paper clip. and every year at the end of summer it begins a journey that takes it thousands of miles all the way from minnesota to central mexico. in the spring and early summer they head north again through the heart of the corn and soybean belt. once plentiful with milk week, a life source for monarchs. so this is where the monarchs lay their eggs. and it's what they eat? >> right. this is the only thing that the cater pillars can eat. >> reporter: a crucial habitat that's disappearing. an area the size of texas lost since 1995. the land use and weather pla

minnesota. ramsey had a career from first territorial governor, the mayor of st. paul, second elected state governor, u.s. senator, serving washington, and secretary of war. we are not sure why taylor chose alexander ramsey to be the first territorial governor. actually ramsey was the third choice. what if history went a different direction? who were the other people? ramsey did except. he and his wife or hesitant to come to this area. st. paul was very much a fur trading village. very small. not the capital city we know today. and his wife, to show her sense of humor, supposedly said to him, minnesota, where is that, denmark? it was an unfamiliar place to people in the eastern part of the united states. as a good wife, in those days, she realized her fortunes lay with her husband and they ended up moving to st. paul and arrived in may of 1849. the house we are in was completed in 1872. it took four years to build. in september of 1872, they moved in. previously to this house, they called it their mansion house. they got the idea for building it from the years they spe

st. paul, minnesota. st.aul in the 1930's, i would not call at las vegas but it was a very lively city because the gangsters brought their gun molls. during prohibition, you had the biggest jazz artists of the decade here in st. paul. it was a very lively place partially because the gangsters were welcomed here. virtually every major gangster kidnapper, and bank robber in america lived and worked with in a three-block radius of where we are standing today. john dillinger, baby faced alivin creepy carpus. there are no statues of these gangsters, but this was the epicenter of 1930's crime in the area of john dillinger. the fbi had this building with their headquarters. this is also the building were bootleggers and bank robbers were tried and sent to alcatraz, leavenworth prison, and other prisons across america. it is where it began and where it ended. we're standing here at historic fort snelling and we are looking over the junction of the minnesota and mississippi rivers -- missouri rivers. the fortis connec

st. paul, minnesota. learn more about st.aul and other stops on c-span's cities tour at c-span.org/local content. your watching american history tv. all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. >> each week, american history tv's american artifacts visits museums and historic places. 200 years ago september 11th, 1814, british and american naval forces clash for two half hours in cumberland bay near plattsburgh, new york. the battle was the culmination of six days of army and navy conflict. up next, we travel to plattsburgh where retired author david fitz-enz, author of "the final invasion: plattsburgh, the war of 1812's most decisive battle," takes us on a tour of key locations to tell the story. >> pilot joseph baron. ship saratoga. september 11, 1814. battle of plattsburgh in cumberland bay. you know, this is a battle that is lost to american history. it is the first 100th anniversary, it was known by everyone. this was a huge celebration. people knew how important the battle of plattsburgh was. but in the meantime, things have

st. paul, minnesota. the city sits on the mississippi river. -- reference of prefer me to the last stop on the line. rapids up the river made it the last stop on the line. james hill was only james and when he would born raised. he added the middle name because he thought important people had a middle name. i find that amusing. why would he do that? what would make them want to do that? i think it is funny. >> we're at the james j hill house in minnesota. took three years to build it. a36,000 square feet. where you are standing right now is the most spec tech interview in the house. that is saying something because this entire building is pretty gorgeous and pretty impressive. but right here is where he wanted the public to be just blown away. it is all concentrated right here. most of this would work was done by a team of 13 incredibly talented men. aey were led by a man who was germany immigrant who came here with control of their men to do this carving. the detail is absolutely amazing. i do not know t

st. paul, minnesota. >> st. paul, 1930's, i would not call it las vegas, but it was a very lively city. the gangsters brought their mol ls. during prohibition you had the biggest jazz artists of the decade here in st. paul. it was a very lively place, partially because the gangsters. virtually every major gangster, kidnapper, and bank robber in america lived and worked within a three block radius of where we are standing today. john dillinger, baby faced here., all were people don't know that. there are no statues of these gangsters, but this was the epicenter of 1930's crime in the era of john dillinger. the fbi, the federal bureau of investigation, j edgar hoover, had this building as their headquarters. this is a building where all the bootleggers and bank robbers were tried and sent to alcatraz, leavenworth prison, and other prisons across america. it is where it began and where it ended. >> we are standing here at fort snell, looking over the junction of the minnesota and mississippi rivers. st. paul is located up the mississippi river, and the fort was here before the city was. th

st. paul minnesota. you are watching american history tv all weekend, every weekend, on c-span3. ♪ >> we are standing at the historic fort snelling. the fort really is the first foothold in the region for united states expansion. during the early 1800s, you began to have this idea of spreading across the country, of the manifest destiny of the united states to spread from sea to shining sea. it is the god-given right of america to extend across north america. of course, that is problematic because there are other people who lived here first. the american indian nations. in this region, it was primarily the dakota and the ojibway. firmlyelling from hi establishes u.s. residences -- presences. it is a foothold for future expansion. after the fort was established here, nothing was the same. relations between american indians and this region and the united states government began to change. by 1650, the first europeans are arriving in what would become minnesota, and they are arriving ur trade.f the fo they

st. paul, minnesota and the other cities but visited by her local content vehicles, go to c-span.org/local content. >> not only did my mother vote but she was a captain of a precinct at one time and she loved this and she said he can never be as good a man as she thought that it would. she said that he was someone that could speak and that man could talk, she said. but my mother was a yellow dog democrat. that being said, i'm a democrat. she voted through the end of her life. >> which was one? >> she died in the year after obama was elected. because i remember her saying that she was going to stay until that man got elected. >> were she a bit of an activist resolve a. >> now. my mother, let it let's wait. my mother when she was taking care of us and working in white folks is houses to do so, like many white women like rosa parks, that is common to get into an altercation on a bus because she sat down in his seat and some kids do liberally sat behind her and they did this deliberately to make trouble and then they yelled at at the bus driver that this and, they said, tran-sixes sitting in f

st. paul, minnesota. you are watching american history tv, every weekend on c-span3. >> if you want to understand the modern world and where we are today, there is no better place to start than looking at f scott fitzgerald. he was so complex and doing with the complexity of american life, and that still resonates. >> st. paul had this huge impact on fitzgerald. fitzgerald had an impact on st. paul. st. paul was the most important town to f scott fitzgerald. he lived all over the world, but the vast majority of experiences that he used in his novels and cameng either directly from st. paul, was planned in st. paul, written in st. paul, rewritten in single. st. paul had this huge impact on his life up until he was probably about 40 and in his hollywood years. if you read fitzgerald's stories. they are awash in st. paul imagery. f scott fitzgerald was born in in 1896.tment it was considered a luxury apartment back then, befitting pf mcclellan who was one of the richest men in st. paul. unfortunately, he die

st. paul minnesota. you are watching american history tv on c-span 3.

st. paul, minnesota. to learn more about the city's honor 2014 to her, visit c-span.org/localcontent. we continue with our look at st. paul. ♪ >> we are standing at the historic port smelling. firstrt really is the foothold in the region for united states expansion. during the early 1800s, you began to have this idea of spreading across the country, of the manifest destiny of the united states to spread from sea to shining sea. right of god-given america to extend across north america. of course, that is problematic because there are other people who lived here first. the american indian nation.

st. paul, minnesota. st. paul in the 1930s, i wouldn't call it las vegas, but it was a very lively city, because the gangsterings brought their gun holds, during prohibition, you had the biggest jazz artists of the decade here in st. paul. it was a very, very lively place partially because the gangsters were welcomed hear. virtually every major gangster, kidnapper and bank robber in america lived and worked within a three block area of where we're standing today, john dillinger, baby face nelson, alvin creepy carpet. all were here. people don't know that, there's no statues of these gangsters, but this was the epicenter of 1930s crime in the era of john dillinger. the fbi, the federal bureau of investigation with j. edgar hoover had this building as their headquarters. this is also the building where all of those bootleggers and bank robbers were tried and sent to alcatraz and other prisons across america. it's where it began and where it ended. we're standing here at historic ft. snelling and we're looking ov

st. paul minnesota and the other visits with local content vehicle go to c-span.org/mac local content. >> booktv college series. this month we are at pepperdine university. wade grams have stomach booktv to talk about his book in which he looks at the nations gardens at the people who design them. this is about half an hour. >> now on the tv we want to introduce you to wade graham who is the author of american eden. >> guest: i do a series of things. i design gardens and imho the list. >> host: how did you get interested or acted. i got a chance early in life who taught me how to do it. she was quite a powerful designer. so in the defining gardens and writing about the environmental history i realized i was quite ignorant about what i was doing. i knew how to do it and i could do english garden with a modern house that is strictly i didn't know why people needed these things and it came to me quite strongly that only by ignorance but it was an interesting question. my husband has commissioned and has lots of sharp things and they said about and what you please design me in english rose ga

st. paul come up a notch culturally. it was a center of culture for st. paul and the state of minnesota. i think people were proud to say we have arrived. you can't call us a backwoods frontier state anymore. our building rivals anything you can build in new york or philadelphia. that was nice for the people of the state to say we have a marvelous building that will stand the test of time. >> throughout the weekend, american history tv is featuring st. paul, minnesota. our staff recently traveled there to learn about its rich history. learn more about st. paul and other stops at www.c-span.org/localcontent. you are watching american history tv all weekend on c-span3. >> next, former members of resident exits national security council discusses efforts to form a comprehensive national security possibly -- policy that drew on dust they discussed his policies toward egypt and israel during the yom kippur war. they also encourage diplomatic relations with china during the cold war. this event was cohosted by the national archives and the richard nixon foundation is about 90 minutes. >> i wan

st. paul, minnesota. to learn more about this, visit c-span.org. atnue now with our the history of st. paul. this is american history tv on c-span3. >> this minnesota state capitol is the third capitol building built in st. paul. the first was built in downtown st. paul in the 1850's even when labor still a territory. they expanded that space. by 1881, it was a brick and wood building that was no longer served the purposes of minnesota very w

st. paul, minnesota, with help of our cable partner contacts, we talk with carol connolly, poet laureate. the fact that it happens all this doesn't make it easier. i turned a corner and without warning i stand before a mirror and there it is. my mothers face staring back at me in disbelief. the face i once swore that i would never have. >> host: i'm here with carol connolly, the poet laureate of minnesota. what is it to be a poet laureate of minnesota? >> guest: well, there was a bill that passed that was where poet laureate and many states have one. and the governor, even though it cost money because it goes through a commission, and there is definitely not accost anyone. but then a friend of mine said that we should have a poet laureate. and so that is how hard i had to work to get a poet laureate. >> host: what did they do? >> guest: i think you can do all sorts of things with their laureate ship. and the thing that i do this since i was appointed in 2007, i orchestrate or organize a writer's event once a month in st. paul heard some writers with new books and we are getting great big

weekend, minnesota's capital st. paul. e city was established as the capital of the minnesota territory in 1849 and served as the headquarters for the great northern rail ray -- railway which greatly impacted trade and transport to the region. cable by our comcast partners, c-span's forest staff recently went to the site. learn more right here on american history tv. all over america, safe havens for gangsters. heart -- hot springs, arkansas, chicago, but more than any of those other states cities was saint paul. it was estimated 50% were involved in making bootleg list -- bootleg liquor in those days. the other percent was buying it from this minnesota area, also well situated to make bootleg liquor and break laws. we had a lot of germans and they know how to make beer. per capita breweries than almost any city in america. withyou break the law illegal liquor, you need water, freshwater. imported andbe exported over the canadian border. as a result, this area was a haven for bootlegging and became a haven for a look enemie

st. paul, minnesota. >> st. paul in the 1930s, i wouldn't call it las vegas.but it was a very lively city. because the gangsters brought their guns. during prohibition you had the biggest jazz artists of the decades here in st. paul. place, partially because the gangsters were welcome here. virtually every major gangster, kidnapper and bank robber in america lived and worked within a three-block radius of where we're standing today. john dillinger, babyface nelson, alvin creepy carpas. all were here. people don't know that. there's no statues of theseÑii gangsters. but this was the epicenter of 1930s crime in the era of john dillinger. the fbi, the federal bureau of investigation, with j. egg garr hoover, had this as their headquarters. this is also the building where all of those bootleggers and bank robbers were tried and sent to alcatraz, leavenworth prison, and other prisons across america. it's where it began, and where it ended. we're standing here at historic fort snelling and looking over the junction of the minnesota and mississippi rivers. st. paul i

minnesota really. >> can you talk about the literary community in st. paul? what type of community isn't? >> i think wit we have a very vibrant literary community in st. paul and in minneapolis to st. paul, literary is respected and revered and tons of people are writing poetry and many people are getting published and then we have the stars like garrison keillor. just the guy down the street who decided to write a few poems and the turn out to be really good. that's the way people get to have a book. it's a very supported art in st. paul i would say, and in minneapolis. very respected and supported. i didn't start writing until i was 40. it was like your accident. i think both poets don't decide, i suppose some do, don't decide when their little kid, i will be a poet. i've been keeping a journal when i was raising a family. i decided i would go to the loft which is our literary center and take a class about how to write a novel our how to put all the stuff in the book. someone recommended that i see a writer who she knew who had a big family just like mine. she had three children. i had

st. paul, minnesota. >> in the 1930's i would not call las vegas but it was a very lively city because the gangsters brought their gun moles. molls. you had the biggest jazz artist of the decade in st. paul. it was a lively place, partially because the gangsters are welcome here. virtually every major gangster, kidnapper, and bank robber in america lived and worked within a three block radius of where we are standing today. john dillinger, baby faced nelson, health and creepy carpus they were all here.

st. paul, minnesota, a parent there. william, go ahead. caller: yeah, i want to touch on the question. nd it's kind of a two-part question concerning american citizenship versus financial aid. reason i'm asking is i and my wife, we barely make about $90,000 together. but my daughter is going to college this year. didn't qualify for any pell grants or scholarships or anything. why is itst wondering hat foreign students -- american citizenship a qualification on the pell grant an - are you required to be american citizen to get -- host: we'll leave it there? dr. linder? guest: i think the question was are you required to be an a rican citizen to receive pell grant? and that's a question if it came my desk, i would call the director of financial aid and learn what the rules are. you an excellent answer right now. host: how much support and money does the university of from the federal government? guest: well, you would have to different categories to support that the university of nebraska gets from the federal government. guest: there are grants that eceive from the national institutes o

. >> next we hear from dave page, a local minnesota author who wrote "the st. paul stories of f.scott fitzgerald." he explains the influence that st. paul had on fitzgerald's work. >> american life. >> st. paul had this huge impact on fitzgerald. fitzgerald had an impact on st. paul. st. paul was the most important town of his legacy. he was all over the world. the vast majority of experiences that he used in his novels and his writing either directly came from st. paul, written in st. paul, written in st. paul. so it have this huge impact on his life up until he was partly about 40 and the hollywood years. so if you read fitzgerald's stories there are awash in st. paul imagery. he was born in this apartment september 241896. was considered a luxury apartment back and the daughter of pf mcclellan, one of the richest man in st. paul. unfortunately he died young. the family was living off of the legacy money. but still, there were well-respected around the town. that's your took his first steps here. he said his first words here. there were two sisters that died right before he was

st. paul, minnesota. to learn more about the cities on our tour, visit c-span.org.

st. paul, minnesota and these sixth, seventh and eighth graders are hop-scotching their way into school.se students are not taking summer school because they have to, but because they want to. instead of going to a classroom, they go for a rousing game of dodge ball. this unusual start to a day is actually quite normal for a program called breakthrough, an eight-hour a day, five-day a week summer enrichment program for middle-schoolers and soon- to-be high school freshmen. they take courses in math, english, science, and social studies and say they have fun doing it. >> don't stop, you know that it is breakthrough! >> reporter: especially when music cues them to dance from class to class. breakthrough is a unique summer program with the sole focus of showing low income under resourced middle school students how to get to college. mikisha nation is the executive director of twin cities breakthrough. >> breakthroughs mission, at its core its about two really important issues. the first is preparing under- resourced students for college success, and the second is engaging and inspiring the

st. paul, minnesota. >> yes, thanks for taking my call.i heard some of what this gentleman has been saying, and i saw the person you had on prior to him. before that i think it was when i saw the clip that you showed of nixon's resignation speech. and gosh, it reminded me again of what a fascinating and inigmatic, mysterious, frankly, person nixon was. i mean, there is, to me, and its been signatured by -- suggested by others that he had a narcissistic quality, but i wouldn't want, that comes to mind all right, but that doesn't answer the question about his personality. complex, yes. but so is lyndon johnson, and yet all of us feel we knew lyndon johnson though. we, the whole current had a sense, rather immediately of what kind of a man lyndon johnson was. but, nixon, for example, in that resignation speech. he looked completely composed, completely unruffled, calm, collected. it was hard to realize that he was resigning. >> thanks for the phone. >> well, it's a cliche, but he really is our most shakespearean of presidents. >> you also cal

st. paul, minnesota. about st. paul and other stops on c-span poshard city to her, at www.c-span.org, and local content. you are watching5 -- watching "american history tv" which is on all weekend, every weekend. watchingre going to be the richard nixon and the national security council. they discussed the president poshard policies toward egypt and israel during the yom kippur war. they also encourage diplomatic relations with china during the cold war. by theent was cohosted national archives and the richard nixon foundation is about 90 minutes. to talk, this is going to be the first in a several-part series on how it the nixon administration change the world. kissinger,y, henry --henry kissinger poshard kissinger's national security council. the first middle east peace agreement in probably 2000 years. this amazingt in series of successes is how president nixon and his very able foreign-policy adviser henry kissinger transformed the national security decision-making structure. on the very first day of the admini

st. paul, minnesota. >> st. paul in the 1930's, i it las vegas, but it was a very lively city.ecause the gangsters brought their gun molls. during prohibition you had the theest jazz artists of decades here in st. paul. so it was a very, very lively place, partially because the gangsters were welcome here. virtually every major gangster, kidnapper and bank robber in within lived and worked a three-block radius of where we're standing today. dillinger, baby face nelson, alvin creepy carpas, all were here. people don know that. there's no statues of these gangsters, but this was the in theer of 1930's crime era of john dillinger. the f.b.i. with jay edgar hoover had this building as their headquarters. also the building where all of those bootleggers and bank robbers were tried and to alcatraz, leavenworth prison, and other prisons across america. where it began, and where it ended. at historicng here fort snelling, looking over the junction of the minnesota and rivers.issippi st. paul is located up the mississippi river from fort snelling. here before the city was. the fort is i

st. paul, minnesota. >> st. paul in the 1930's i ouldn't call it las vegas but it was a very lively city brought he gangsters their guns during prohibition biggest jazz artists of the decades here. t was a very lively place partially because the gangsters were welcome here. major gangster kidnapper and bank robber and lived and worked within here.e block radius of john dillinger, baby face nelson. creepy carpet were all here. people don't know that. statues of them but this was the epicenter of 1930's in the era of john dillinger. federal bureau of investigation with j. edgar hoover had this building as their headquarters. also the building where all of those bat leggers and bank robbers were tried and sent to alcatraz, leavenworth listen and other prisons. is where it began and where it ended. > we are standing at the historic fort snelling looking over the junction of the innesota and mississippi rivers. st. paul is up the mississippi river from fort snelling and the was here before the city was. it is connecte

st. paul minnesota. paul in the 30's, i would not, las vegas, but it was lively.the gangsters had their gum molls.n we are just these editions. -- we had jazz musicians. it was a lively place because gangsters were welcome here. bank robber in america lived and worked within a three block radius of where we are standing today. all were here. people do not know that. there is no statue of these gangsters, but this was the epicenter of 1930's crime in the era of john dillinger. the fbi, the federal bureau of investigation with j edgar hoover, had this building as their headquarters. this is also the building where the blue rock -- bootleggers and bank robbers were tried and sent to alcatraz, leavenworth, and other prisons. it is where it began and where it ended. >> we're standing here in historic fort schnelling. st. paul is located up the river from the fort. the fort was here before the city was. but the fort is intimately connected to the creation of st. paul. there were groups of settlers that were living on the military property. had enoughe army had of compet

st. paul minnesota. >> st. paul in the 1930s, i wouldn't call las vegas but it was a lively city. you had jazz artists. it was a live place partly because the gangsters were welcome here. every gangster, kidnapper and bank robber in america lived and worked within a three block radius of where we're standing today. john dillenger, baby face. all were here. there's no statues of these gangster, but this was the epicenter of 1930s crime in the era of john dill enger. the fbi had this building as their headquarters. this is also the building where all those bootleggers and bank robbers were tried and sent to alcatraz, lebanon worth and of prisons across the country. it's where it began and ended. we're standing here at historic fort looking over the junction of the mississippi river. st. paul is up the mississippi river from the fort. the fort was here before the city. the fort is connected in the creation of st. paul. in the 1830s, there were groups of settlers living on the military's property. finally the army had had enough competing with them for resources and felt they should b

st. paul granite, so there's still a lot of minnesota stone. the interior stone is from southern minnesota. there are other types of stone from minnesota incorporated into the decoration. the other part of using the white georgia marble was the company were the general contractors for the building. they went down and least the quarry where the marble was located. they eliminated the middleman. they cut it and moved it into workshops behind the capitol construction area where craftsmen and stonecutters could shape the stone as needed, so you were still hiring those labor workers and special skilled craftsmen to build this building. that was a good remedy to a solution where there might have been some controversy about what stone he would use as cladding for the exterior. one thing you'll see is the dome. that is based on st. peter's in the vatican. if you look at that dome and this you will see the same columns, you will see some of the same architectural detail in this space. you will see large columns inside the building. big granite columns,