we turn next to stan dorn who is a fellow at urban institute. what do we know about past experience in helping enrollment in college programs, not just what we learned about maximizing enrollment, but broadly speaking, past lessons that could be applicable now and help us understand the process of signing up people under the affordable care act. >> thanks. we know a fair bit. we know it takes time. i'll give you an example from the children's health insurance program, which is now phenomenally successful in reaping its target population. and medicaid will enroll almost nine or ten eligible children. almost nine in ten, which is the high water mark of american social policy in these state-administered programs. but it took time to reach that. in years past they talked about disappointment in local participation. it took five years before they managed to ramp up and meet steady state levels. so we know it's going to take time. and the reason it's going to take time is that the aca is a program shared by the states and federal government. that's a