have national standards.most do, but some don't. also, most countries that do worse than we do the on national standards -- i mean on international tests have national standards. but some don't. there is no correlation. in other words between having national standards and outcomes. i should note that our neighbors to the north, canada, they don'thave a national department of education. further looking at the research shows there is no research evidence to say having national standards leads to better outcomes. so much of the promise about common core has been if we just thashl nationalize things they will get better. we never talked about is there evidence to support that? >> i eep thinking about this in a largerer cull cure we live in. in all areas of life we are moving away from standardization. right? tonight i can watch whatever i want on tv at whatever time. i can customize my groceries and have them delivered to my door. i can go online and work with a personal stylist to make my unique style at afforda

and then you generate the standard based on the category. >> i thought the standards are automatic. there are certain minimums. once they find on the basis of the study that these things should be listed i thought there's an automatic requirement imposed on -- which is the reason they're complaining. >> the requirement -- it depends on how you categorize. and so if there were a situation -- if there were a situation in which one segment of the industry was so vastly different from another segment of the industry in terms of its economics, in terms of its technology, then epa would have the authority to break those into two separate subcategories and then you don't calculate the before the performing 12% which is what the standard is. it's the best performing 12% of the people you put in the category. >> language that does that is the first sentence of three, which says the maximum degree that is deemed achievable not less stringent than the emission control. that is achieved in practice by the best controlled similar source as determined by the administrator. that's what allows them

the second is that the purpose isn't to lower standards or raise standards, but to get the right standards which, of course could involve some different standards and attacks from some people that they have been lowered or raised. so it's important to as our previous panel said, get the standards right, and that's what we're going to talk about today. and i'm going to just start with a little bit of the sort of legal background on standards setting in our country because i think that secretary panetta and chairman dempsey when they issued their directive in january of 2013 which said that there had to be validated gender neutral standards before integration proceeded were doing so against the backdrop of the law in this area and were recognizing not only that integration wouldn't and couldn't be a success unless you're measuring everybody by the same standards and making sure that those were the right standards so that it wouldn't be appropriate, for example, to measure a woman's ability to participate in any ground combat occupation or position against a standard that hadn't been validate

flagler was standard oil's railroad man. he was the person who worked out the deals with the railroads in new york and pennsylvania and ohio to all standard oil's products. and flagler was noted for driving hard bargains, that he would get rebates from the railroads which would be reduced rates for flagler's, for standards products. mek standard a big advantage over his competitors and that it could ship more cheaply over the railroads than they could. the other thing that flagler did was that he our region and the of the standard oil trust, a way of combining various refining companies into one big organization. later on john d. rockefeller was asked, who had come up with the idea and rockefeller said come well, i wish i had the brains to think of it but it was henry flagler's idea. so he was the key person in standard oil although he's not given much credit in the general histories. by the 1880s, standard oil was complete, it was a finished work. it was perhaps the largest corporation in the world. it dominated the oil ind

and in ohio gop is trying to stop funding for standardize testing. politically this could be a wise move for republicans. it sets up a game of chicken with the u.s. department of education who could make good on threats to withhold much needed money from students who have little say in the debate swirling around them. >>> joining us to take a deeper look is an is assistant professor of urban education at how owe la university in loyola university in chicago. just convicted of falsifying student test results. how pervasive is this problem? >> this was pretty isolated to see this kind of cheating going on in such a grand scale in atlanta. we cannot condone it. cheating is wrong no matter the reason. you see there were a couple of other instances of this around the country but most teachers even under a lot of pressure with the no child left behind act and with this push did not resort to this kind of behavior. that's good because this behavior is not ethical. that said back then this all happened about five six, seven years ago, we had an accountabilit

standard oil and other monopolies like u.s.el general electric, at&t and international harvester, became price makers. but their methods left some bruises. georgetown university law professor thomas l. krattenmaker. the standard oil trust was formed in 1882 and that led to widespread public concern. and it was that public reaction to the trusts that led to the passage of the sherman act in 1890. the sherman act made it illegal for any one firm to obtain a monopoly. that is, to get complete control over the production of all the goods in one market. and secondly the sherman act made it illegal for firms to get together and agree on the way in which they would compete. for example, by setting prices or dividing markets or determining which customers they would deal with. the sherman act was one of only several choices that could have been made in 1890. congress could have chosen to nationalize the trusts. it could have chosen to set up a large government department to oversee the behavior of the trusts or even to run the trusts i

go and listen to the proponents of common core and find out why they say this new standardized standards and assessments are so needed. this quote came up. from edward the rest junior chairman and ceo of state farm insurance company and he says quote state-by-state adoption of these standards is an important step toward maintaining our country's competitive edge with a skilled and prepared workforce. the business community will be better prepared to face the challenges of the international marketplace. education isn't about collaboration and critical thinking. it's not about helping our kids learn how to interact better with each other. it's about these international local corporations being able to compete with one another. that's the fundamental problem that is happening with the standardization movement and the reason why the struggle at garfield high school erupted i think when it did. i think that testing became so overbearing. my brave colleagues especially the ones in the testing subjects of reading and math and special education in english language learners voted unanimously to r

so he was a key person in standard oil. although he has not been giving much credit in the general histories. and it was perhaps the largest corporation in the world and i think that henry flagler was looking for a new challenge and was a man that always wanted to undertake some great enterprise. as it turned out florida was it. he had invested in florida in the early 1880s because another of his neighbors on fifth avenue in new york was henry plant, a railroad builder in the south that was building a railroad line down to tampa on the west coast of florida and he invested some money in his enterprises, later on when both of them were very active in florida, they essentially divided the state rather than compete with each other, plant took the west coast and flagler took the east coast and they both built railroads and hotels. they were family competitors. when he decided to build the hotel ponds daily on to begin his florida enterprises, he realized that the industrial and commercial revolution had created a large class of

there are going to be tested and introduced standardized assessments. the new test for inadvertent omissions in new york city as an academic test with academic material as it was never included before. it is unlikely to be valid in terms of what they are trained to do. i do believe there is ability to have counterweight. parents who come into kindergarten as they talk about in the book when you have a child, everybody tells you children develop at their own rate. don't worry about the percentile. there is a broad range of normal development in children are all different. what is important is that they are thriving and happy at all of the sudden that rhetoric grinds to a halt and if you don't learn to read by the time your third grade you are doomed forever and you'll never graduate college. i think you stand right in the middle of it. i hope you read it and give it to all the parents to work with. [inaudible] >> pool, thank you. >> i was reading about this thing that we have in california where the kid -- where children are in control of their own conte

common core standards are controversial and misunderstood. common core was developed at the state level by the national governor's association, local school officials. it is not mandatory. the obama administration later linked certain education funding, known as the race to the top grants to the adaptation of common core standard. the goal was to promote education, equality. year after year american students lagged behind their peers, in maths, reading and science much. >> our curriculum was a mile wide and deep compared to high performing countries. in japan, they may spend a week and a half on a topic. here we spend three days. it's not magic why more of their student learn it. >> reporter: the american educators say they took into account the highest international standard and evidence and expertise about outcome. the teaching community and parents seem split on the merits of common core testing. >> we are the only country that tests our children every year between year 12 and 8. and all the countries do not test. >> reporter: critics say

there are no standards for three and four unit buildings only standards for a 5 unit building is needs serious jerry. >> so to aimed that. >> i recommend the commission good attacks to leave ab 94 as an incentive program and another initiative that supervisor wiener school district but maybe ab is more robust. >> in our world as someone that went through this based on your experience whereas did most efficient you know a way for people. >> the most efficient keep ab with general hours keeping to make sure for the small business owners i think the cac is appropriately looking at the changing the environmental code it is something that be solved quickly as well. >> thanks i think we need to open to public comment. >> public comment. >> he's been standing they're for two hours. >> i have some money to give to our department. >> you should have told us. >> the soft story to improve the performance not all buildings will be perfect create a bell shaped curve on some buildings most of the average better than what we were before i also 20 percent in that bell shaped curve this is what we can

no standards.e were told by the ustr general counsel that murdering a trade unionist doesn't violate these standards. the perpetuating violence against the trade une unionist doesn't violate these agreements. excuse me, excuse me if i'm not willing to accept that standard because i think the country can do better. with regard to isds, look, this is a special privilege for companies. no individual gets access to isds. we haven't lost a case yet. we won a couple by technicalities that we would have lost. there was just a case in nova scotia two weeks ago. stone quarry. they wanted to expand a stone quarry. all around it was an environmentally sensitive area. they denied the permit to expand the stone quarry. the isds panel said you're entitled to damages. they are going to collect because they didn't get an extension of their boundaries into a sensitive environmental area. this will affect food safety, it will affect the environment it affects trade unionists i can tell you that. this is a secret tri

the -- justice kagan: it triggers an obligation as to some standard but again the minimum standard can vary dramatically depending on how the categories and subcategories are set up. so it you are having the epa consider cost you for the epa can know what costs are. mr. brownell: epa doesn't know what the costs are during the rulemaking process in which it undertakes notice and comment with respect to both the n1a determination and emissions standards. the clean air act lists subsection n as one of the provisions that requires notice and comment will making under the special clean air act procedures. this is why the agency explained that there is no final n1a until the end of the process, until notice and comment and we've taken and determine what the costs are. justice sotomayor: confirming what justice breyer said, the point that you had an opportunity and apparently took advantage of it, to tell epa that it should sub categorized this source. and it decided to sub categorized just one piece of it. so what you are really saying to us is it is not the listing, it is the way they set u

so what the standards say is determined by a partisan process.ates the board is dominated by republicans and to some observers their current standard teaches students to look their religion through a lens with a red stain sensibility. to illustrate what i mean i will first summarize how the current standards formulated in 2010 treat religion especially religion in america. with a current standards into historical perspective by investigating the educational guidelines. because of the sheer size publishers have been very eager to develop those that appealed to the states specifications as the textbook made its way into editions elsewhere. the state board of education attacks across the country. the texas curricular standards are known as peaks texas essentials of knowledge and skills the current teaks or revision from 1998 that are often referred to as religion but most of those were general in nature as those with the current teaks have very specific agenda is behind them. the most obvious example is the portrayal of the bible as the wellspring o

these are some standards better than no standards. we were told by the ustr general council that murdering a trade unionist doesn't violate these standards. that perpetuating violence against a trade union doesn't violate these agreements. excuse me. excuse me, if i'm not willing to accept that standard because i think the country can do better. >> with regard to isds look this is a special privilege for companies, no individual gets access to isds. tom, we haven't lost a case yet. we won a couple by technicalities that we would have lost. there was just a case in nova scotia two weeks ago, they wanted to expand a stone quarry and all around it was an environmentally sensitive area. they denied the permit to expand the stone quarry. the isds panel said, you're entitled to damages. they are going to collect because they didn't get an extension of their boundaries into a sensitive environmental area. this will affect food safety and it will affect the environment and it affects trade unionists i can tell you that. this is a secret tribu

standards. and i believe they are standards that can be enforced which has not been the case of what's happened in the past. if we take these 11 nations and combine them in what i hope would be an american-led trading entity, that this will give us an ability to actually increase our leverage vis-a-vis china who long-term, i believe we have to watch on every account, both in terms of intellectual property theft, in terms of trade advantage, in terms of currency. but let's not miss the opportunity for america to once again reassert its national and international leadership in trade in a way that i believe will actually increase jobs, increase job opportunities, and my fear is that refighting the battles of the 1990's in 2015 is not the format we ought to be looking at. let me just close with one question to mr. donahue, although rich you can come back to me as well. i.s.d.s., we have folks, members of the senate who are saying this could open up a whole new can of worms. the ambassador has said r

next we examined the standardized testing in today's education. it cost taxpayers up to $1.4 billion per year my name is monica golden and we are very happy to welcome anya and her latest book the test. why schools are processed with standardized testing and you don't have to be. it talks about the failure of american testing in public education. in the last 20 years they have dramatically increased standardized testing and they are sacrificing learning in the face of testing. what parents and teachers can do to help. the review recently said with abundant data assembled and assessable format this book is a must read for anyone in the educational system or any parent who has a child old enough to enter preschool. please give a warm welcome to anya kamenetz. >> thank you monica, thank you all for coming. i'm so thrilled to be able to visit this amazing bookstore in community. community. i was here five years ago for my last book and it such a great pleasure to tour bookstores because i love bookstores. they're my favorite thing. so i wrote the test

of the common course data standards to the cost to taxpayers up to $1.4 billion per year. >> my name is monica and the book passage is very happy to welcome the latest book the test on a our schools iar schools are obsessed with standardized testing but you don't have to be. it's about the failure of testing in american schools. children are more than test scores but in the last 20 years, schools have dramatically increased standardized testing. in the era of no child left behind and the common core america's schools are sacrificing learning in favor of testing. how we preserve space for self-directed learning and development especially when we still want all children to hit the mark. npr education explores all sides of the question and what parents and teachers can do to help. with abundant data in the accessible form format this book is a must read for everybody in the educational system or any parent that has a child old enough to enter preschool. please give a warm welcome. [applause] >> thank you for coming. i am so thrilled to be able to visit this community. i was here five ye

and that shows us it isn't a typical listing standard. >> once they're listed they are subject to standardsaren't they? it's not up to the agency to calibrate the standards. once they're listed minimum standards apply, right? and the agency can have discretion as to whether to lift the standards further, but the mims apply, right? >> that's epa's position is we must regulate. if i could reserve my time for rebuttal. >> thank you, mr. lidstrom. mr. brownell? >> mr. chief justice, may it please the court. i would like to make three points to supplement my colleague's argument first regarding the nature of power plant regulation under the clean air act. second the language of subsection 1a and third the broader clean air act context. to begin, power plants are the most regulated category after the clean air act and the 1990 ]<á" amendments. the court has talked about some of the programs, it's not only the title 4 program but the retrofit technology, pollution transport programs targeted to power plants and a variety of other control programs, both control and air quality. >> mr. brownell, i w

standards together reared. >> clinical standards? >> we are using the same definitions so a lot of effort over the next couple of years to make sure what standards are in place and when you go through and convert the data and meet the standards in the second piece is to make sure the tools are there to show the data at the same time and we can start changing the data. >> a timeframe for all this? >> be enterprise health management platform -- the. >> let me step in and deliver a threat that i have been saying to d.o.t. if they insist on having different standards standards that we will go is just the va standards because we represent a number of standards in the population but that will forge in the greed on standard and will be a va standard. >> thank you for that sir been a lot of strong work in the fight to bring a third party in the office of the national coordinator does the standards for third-party private platforms and with the access to care act with more care going outside and it's not just the va and dod sharing but how do

the issue we have is standardized assessments of only math and reading. we've known for a long time that when you talk to the folks at the big test companies they will tell you that these test are being used in a way they were never intended for. they were never intended to be the sole boko haram on what we based decision on what schools open and close, what teachers lose their job, and whether or not students are ready for one grade to the next. especially not that. they are used to look at a population a population but they don't tell you all that much about the individual student. these test have been used in all kinds of ways that they weren't intended for. it doesn't mean we don't need data about the performance of every single student in every single student. we very well may need that for a school to improve. the impact that were have right now is that it's not just that were sick of these tests i want to get rid of him but what should replace these tests. i spend the first half of the book going through the arguments against against testing and ho

there will be some waivers of the city contract requirements in that context in order to use it standard form contract we're rehabilitation asking for the authority to develop our own pro-form contract it have a standard contract in progress we envision seek additional supply and want to that a w a standard set of contracts getting the industry used to hearing from us as and continue to grow this program we're also asking for the ability to contract up to 25 years for renewable and green house regrergs from california sources and in that context we're asking for the ware of some city requirements standard contract terms and we the ability to move forward with those under a delegation of authority from the board where we don't need to come back each time we wish to strike a contract if it exceeds 10 years or $10 million we're proposing in this legislation to annual report how we're doing how much we've procured so you understand we're exercising the authority we're requesting and we would have the budget issues around the contracts be part of our standard budgeting process we're looking f

and it will be a standard to which we will be repaired. and after it is put in place the meaning of the countries in the situation are part of this. and this is not gaining up on them, this is putting in place and they are introducing these sensible rules and the rest of it. >> this includes our principal ally. how powerful is the united states and i said you know the happiness and the price prosperity of the united states and in particular the american middle class has been smashed. and this will be the american middle class and there have been changes in labor laws and they have the changes in technology and the american middle class experiences not unique. they are going to give us a chance to drive prosperity and income growth. and that is acquisition of access. and so tenures time will be a standard. it will be 60% of the world's middle class. you can access that and he will not prosper if you can. >> it's rare that you have someone that is both a defense minister and finance minister. and so you heard him speaking as both. so does th

products in the market for purposes using not only the western standard form contract but also the he had son electric form contract over the years the additional form contracts are used rigorously in the market we're seung that authority for longer direct your attention and more than one standard form contract with those proposals we'll not be seeking to apply those new terms to projects that are developed on city owned property we expect to the extent for example, solar on the revolver of university mound or solar other city property we expect the city provisions contracts to apply we are targeting as i said the introduction of the legislation for april 21st next tuesday. >> i'll be happy to answer any questions i'm pausing that another point to see if you have questions i'm going to move on to the actual product improvements are. >> i have a question the electric industry standard contract would that be to purchase dirty power too. >> what we're proposing that's a good question for durations up to 10 years let me back up we currently have durations up to 5 years we're asking for th

the answer to that question is yes, absolutely, they need to maintain that standard.ere for a reason. combat hasn't changed is because women are involved. the mission standards or success does not change just because females are now involved in the equation. that is why that standard is there to ensure to make sure that we maintain the most elite and lethal fighting force in the world. kennedy: so far the women actually had a l3 world. kennedy: so far the women actually had a lower failure rate than the men. but that was not the case with this. what happened there? what is the disparity between the army and the marines? >> there is obviously ongoing competition, but the women who did not make it through this with the first set of tests, they still have a long road in front of them. it's over two months long, mentally and physically challenging, they are having to do all kinds of different faces and this walk-in crawl and run sort of approach to these phases, just a few hours of sleep per night, two meals per day, and peer evaluations as well and so they have a very lo

then you've got a floor standard.got an above the floor standard. >> that's not quite right. you're taking out the categorization. they don't establish the floor until they've categorized. >> categorization could happen here. my point is what happens under n1 these first two steps are merged. you make the necessary and appropriate determination when you look at not to list but whether such regulation is appropriate and necessary. that's the language in the statute. says is such regulation appropriate and necessary. so it is not just whether it is going to be listed. it is looking what's actually going to happen. that's why they made the appropriate and necessary finding at the same time they published the emission standards. they were looking at the costs ahead to figure out if such regulation -- >> you saying they purported to make the categorization decision without taking into account costs? >> yes. any categorization has already been done and didn't consider costs. >> didn't consider costs. >> tlaeshg >> that's co

when underwriting standards are reduced so that other people who can't necessarily sustain the standards don't have the proper credit relationships, don't have the down payments or are unable to keep the mortgages. >> host: we have a couple of separate issues that intersected in the period. one was the existence of fannie mae and freddie mac and what they did and what they've done for a while. the other was the congressional and political push to encourage more homeownership. when these two combined, of course fannie and freddie was there as a vehicle to do all of this. what happened then in fannie and freddie and its existence, in its relationship with lawmakers that led to where we got in the crisis? >> guest: is really quite interesting because the person who ultimately became the president of fannie mae jim johnson was his name realize, he was a political operative before that, but he realized that fannie mae was under stress because of that a very strong government franchise that it would have to sustained over time. and i think he recognized that the fannie mae and freddie mac of c

standard.e also do not have to prove it in a court of law. so, if we believe that an act is more likely to have happened and violates our personal conduct policy then we can subject that individual to discipline and that is something we think is part of having a higher standard in the nfl. people expect more from the nfl. they expect the cap -- the people commissioners, the owners, the players, they expect a very higher level of standard and what we do not hit that, there are consequences for that. charlie: has this experience reminded you of the fact that through adversity, through challenging times where there are people who suffered, you might learn things that might make your institution stronger than if it had not gone through? roger: yes. you also -- always want to avoid that if you can. charlie: it is not fun. roger: it is never fun. you have to say what are the right things to do going forward and we always try to do that. when you do not hit that mark it just remind you that you have t

and apply them to your standard, not to a criminal justice standard. they have reasons why they do certain things. they have reasons on why they will share certain information and not others. what we need to do is not be reliant on them and be reliant on ourselves. >> rose: if you look back at the conversation with my colleague, norah o'donnell, and after seeing the investigations would you have answered any differently because you know more today? >> well, i don't remember the interview in detail, you probably have watched it recently, i haven't, so -- since i had the interview with norah but no i think what we found was, and i think we stated in an interview is that we found the most reliable information was from law enforcement, and that we didn't want to conflict with what they were doing. >> rose: and we hadn't seen the tape -- >> we hadn't seen the tape which was demonstrated in the muller report. so it is clear, i think what we said factually, what we would like to have been is in a position where we had a better policy, we had better people and

i went to "the standard."rian lamb: on the personal side if you are talking to young people today, they do what you have done? you have a family, can you make enough money to make it work? andrew ferguson: i really do not know because the business in the time that i have been here has changed utterly because of the introduction of the internet. we started "the weekly standard" because there was no weekly conservative opinion magazine. there were monthlies like "the spectator." there was a biweekly which was bill buckley's "review." we decided that the pace accelerated to the point where we would be behind if we did not have something every week to comment on what happened the week before. of course i am going to look back on that as just a joke. now you are out of date if you are five hours behind the new crisis of the century and you have not read the last 40,000 tweets about it. when that change started to happen i thought what i do is done for. there is not going to be an opportunity left for people to come

but what i base all of my policies and procedures are the national standards. they came and looked at all of our policies and procedures and to see that they meet the national standards. they should issue a report probably in the next 30 days. you're welcome to look at that. >> sheriff, are you looking into whether or not it's possible that the records were falsified? >> i don't know how to answer that. >> reporter: was there an investigation into that a couple years ago? >> there was an investigation that occurred under sheriff edwards. >> reporter: what was the outcome of that? >> i'm not sure. i believe that they found there was no special treatment. >> reporter: how many documents are missing, sheriff? you said you guys are trying to -- do you have any idea? is it years worth? >> no, i do not. >> reporter: there were two other deputies seen on the video. you regarded that they were fearing for their own safety possibly and they'll be reassigned. >> they were reassigned right after this. yes, ma'am. >> reporter: the review that happened you are conducting th

no nick standard. no physical standard. >> i have the old files trying to solve the case. he doesn't need to run 3 u.s.00 meters -- 300 meters fast, but where to find him. i'm sure there are different standards to the guy on the field than the guy making coffee and looking through files. >> if your job is cybercrime does it matter if you are in fuel -- full shape? >> no. i am wondering at what pointh this is fat shaping for the women. >> i if you want to go undercover. >> you have to build up a tolerance. >> the director would i am starting to love because he said this, i want you to look like the squared away object of reference. i want the american people to take one glaps at you and say there is a -- i dig it. >> first thing he should crackdown on the memos being obtained by the "new york times." >> this is actually something they took a break from. the fbi used to have the medical tests and it was something y edgar hoover expired because he was gaining weight and he went to put on his control top pan tee host and they were hart. >> i think this is a good idea. you look

and apply them to your standard. through a criminal justice standard. they have certain reasons why they do certain things. certain reasons why they will share information and not others. we have to rely on ourselves. charlie: if you look at the conversation with my colleague after seeing the investigation would you have answered anything differently because you know more today? roger: i do not remember the interview in detail. you have probably watched it recently but i have not. i think what we found was that we found the most reliable information ones from law enforcement and we did not want to conflict with that and with what they were doing. charlie: you had not seen the tape. roger: we had not seen the tape which was demonstrated in the mueller report. it is clear what we said factually, what we would like to have been is in a position where we had a better policy where we had her people, and where we could have gotten to a better conclusion based on more fat is initially as opposed to at a later date. charlie:

you'll hear standardization so across the clinics they've embedded it into the eir and gave realtime feedback to people how they're doing similarly on the section around c sections they standard device their way of doing thing interesting decrease the number of people walking in and out of o r and actually moved from staples to sutures and reduced by half their surgeon section i think you've seen some of our successes around the mammogram but this is a great use of data actually, i'm jumping to the data again standardization or they have emmy's at the time of care without having a bottleneck and outreach for people coming in clinics and urging scrips and working with radiology and getting weekend mammograms and lastly this is the emancipation proclamation pit of timely relevant action data that is given out to we believing or mostly how many ma'am gramdz you need to have to get pier goals in chinatown if you get 5 more mammograms you'll be at geography and in behavorial health focuses on reducing the prescriptions with methamphetamine treatments that's a high-risk group for over doze

we have 14 million size standards. shown from the column there are the size standards, not proposed but will take effect july 1st by the city and county of san francisco. they do certify businesses under three classification those being small be and micro be's and sba under federal standards. what will take effect on july 1st, the size standards for the small businesses for construction will go to $20 million. i believe it's at the 14 current. specialty construction contractors will go to 10, suppliers at 10, professional services will remain at 2.5 and trucking at 3.5. how we are dealing with discrepancies in terms of the professional services at least on a current basis, the way that we handle lbe certification in our program is we look at lbe's that are certified and take the added level of scrutiny to ask for revenue figures to ensure that the lbe false -- falls below the current threshold. we are in with consistent contractors and with suppliers. but come july 1st because of these particular changes it will be a c