. >> do you have what it takes to be the next steve jobs? i'll talk to walter isaacson, the buy agra fer of albert einstein, steve jobs, benjamin franklin, and now leonardo da vinci about what makes a genius. >> curiosity. a just absolutely random, absolutely playful and passionate curiosity is something that connects ben franklin, steve jobs, lee nonar da vinci, and the cool thing about it is you and i can do that. >> the world wastes one-third of all its food. blue hill chef dan barber will talk to me about ideas to solve this global tragedy. >> it's about the utilization of every part of the plant, every part of the farm. >> plus as artificial intelligence gets more advanced, many people worry that robots and automation will displace their jobs. i'll sit down with two m.i.t. scholars who discuss using a.i., artificial intelligence, to enhance human work. >> we can bring minds and machines together intelligently, they can cancel out each other's mista mistakes. >> finally a neuroscientist talks to me about a threat many of us will face. we

. >> do you have what it takes to be the next steve jobs? the the -- we talk about what makes a genius. curiosity. absolutely random, absolutely playful curiosity connects ben franken, steve jobs, davinci. >> one out of nine people are hungry but the world wastes one-third of all of its food. we talk about ideas to solve this global tragedy. >> it's about the utilization of every part of the planet. >> plus as artificial intelligence gets more advanced many people worry that robots and automation will displace their jobs. i'll sit down with two mit scholars who discuss using artificial intelligence to enhance human work. >> if we can bring minds and machines together we can cancel out each other's mistakes. >>> the neurscientist talks to me about a threat many of us will face. the author of the book the film "still alice" is based on. >> there is research to show that there are lifestyle changes that we can make that help actually prevent the biological advancement of the disease. >> all of this coming up in this special hour of "gps." let's

aspen institute, the former editor of time, former ceo of cnn, and the acclaimed biographer of steve jobs, among other consequential figures. his latest book, already a number one bestseller, is leonardo da vinci. he's walter isaacson, this is overheard. let's be honest, is this about the ability to learn, or is this about the experience of not having been taught properly? how have you avoided what has befallen other nations in africa? you could say that he made his own bed, but you caused him to sleep in it. you saw a problem, and over time, took it on. let's start with the sizzle before we get to the steak. are you gonna run for president? i think i just got an f from you, actually. this is over. (clapping and cheering) walter isaacson, welcome. - thank you so much. - congratulations, another big success. - well, it's great to be back with you, evan, thank you so much. - and it's a wonderful book, i'm moved to ask, although i think i know the answer, why him? you could write about anybody you could possibly imagine. - and if you could write about anybody, why not leonardo? i'd done book

carbon fiber roofs and no chairs in the lobby and no daycare for the employees. >> sounds like steve jobs' house. >> yeah. so i think, you know, steve always focused on -- tell me if i'm wrong -- but user experience, design and simplici simplicity. tim is brilliant with complexity. we're seeing multiple colors in the devices. have we gone from one about simplicity to one act product? >> absolutely, i think we have. again, i think tim has been a wonderful steward of the assets of the company but he is moving it to a product oriented company. >> can they survive the shift? >> it's not easy, but i think they can. it's been happening the last few years. sometimes circumstances in the market cause that shift to happen. you have to follow along. other times, people or companies actually make a strategic decision to make the shift. amazon is doing that today. amazon is moving from a mechanic oriented company to a mother oriented company. if you read their new mission statement, it's something like, we want to be the world's most customer centric company. that's not what they said five years ago.

i was planning on spending the rest of my life there, but didn't work out that way. >> steve jobs wass, but one of the reasons he got moved out of his job was because he was spending huge amounts of money on projects that, for the most part, never reached the market. and apple had a crisis of confidence. >> at a time when major computer corporations like apple are laying off 10% of their workforce, microsoft is the big exception in the computer industry. >> people didn't get how much value there was to be derived from software. that the operating system could be the most valuable piece of real estate in the whole computing business was something not understood by almost anybody in the computer industry apart from bill gates. [ cheers and applause ] >> today we're introducing microsoft windows version 3. >> bill gates, part thomas edison, part henry ford, part holden caulfield from "catcher in the rye." at 19, he dropped out of harvard to design computer software with his friend paul allen. they came up with a system that operates 90% of the personal computers today. >> microsoft was m

like steve jobs, leonardo believed that simplicity was the soul of beauty. if you look at this cathedral you are thinking this is not the soul of beauty. this is a gothic monstrosity. leonardo and his friends are asked to design, i can't quite show it, the lantern tower on top and come up with a simple geometric design and as you can tell, the authorities in milan don't build it. they build a gothic monstrosity instead. and working on it leonardo has become close friends with other architects and engineers. the cool thing is he painted a picture of the two of them together, there he is on the right, balding, leonardo on the left, short, purple to the next that he loved to wear, the notebook in front of him, going right to left, he was always said to have had a muscular, well hills, well proportioned, athletic body, chiseled face and wonderful curly locks of blonde, or dyed blonde hair. so they go off and decide to do design. they like a very symmetrical -- how you really should do a building or charge, should be proportional to a human, connecting a human to

. >> you had these guys like steve jobs, bill gates and steve wozniak.s appall allen messing around on the edge of the personal computer industry. but no one in corporate america and no one in most of the homes of america thought that the personal computer was anything that would ever have, would ever even happen, let alone have any relevance to them. >> for all of us, the computer revolution was really exciting. it was like, wow, this is wide open. >> it was a group of people who want to make a change in the world. and eventually, the two forces in silicon valley, the hobbyists and the button-down business guys ended up coming together when the chip makers realized the things that the hobbyists were doing could lead to a new product called the personal computer. >> it was at a computer club where they displayed the computer they'd been working on, and it caused a sensation. >> we had absolutely no idea what people were going to do with these things when we started out. as a matter of fact, the two people who it was designed for was woz and myself, becau

they could not possibly make money by the late steve jo bs not possibly make money by the late steve jobs not possibly make money by the late stevejobs was convinced they not possibly make money by the late steve jobs was convinced they would be successful and, of course, the rest is history. the man who designed the store is now based in singapore and we caught up with we started in 1987 when stevejobs came back to the company. he asked us came back to the company. he asked us to think about how to present apple in various public realms. my business partner and myself started on the whiteboard. we met with him every week for 12 years and grew the programme through a number of processes and helped to be a part of that transformation from what was a relatively small company. it was $2.2 billion in value and now it is 750 plus. apple develop much more significant differentiator products at that time. what has happened in the industry is it has become... strong revolutionary brands out there. we can see over a number of yea rs our there. we can see over a number of years our progression from

remember watching steve jobs give his product presentation. he would always end with that street sign of the liberal arts meeting technology, and say that's what -- that's where creativity lies. i thought that's what ben franklin did. even v einstein would pull out s violin and play mozart when he was having trouble with his equations, saying that music and art help connect us to the spirit of the cosmos and the harmony of the spheres. but the ultimate of that and the person i decided should be the capstone of a series of books about creativity and how to achieve it is leonardo da vinci. now, leonardo at the great good fortune to be born out of wedlock. [laughing] had he been legitimate born, he would've been a notary like his father, grandfather, great-grandfather, great-great-grandfather. leonardo loved as he grew up in the tiny village to blend fantasy and reality. he loved to think out of the box. he loved to do things different. all the things you do not want in your notary. but it did help him become a creative artist and engineer who lo

steve jobs must be rolling over in his grave. we trusted you. you let us down. are you hiding? the me get this straight. you intentionally slow down my phone, you didn't disclose it, and you did this so i would upgrade to a more expensive product. the love is gone, i'm done with you, i'm going to samsung, i think a lot of people are coming with me. this is not how corporate america should behave. big tech companies like apple are too powerful and the regulators will take note. in part because they have a cultlike following. this certainly does shake the foundation. >> but people also have been looking for signs that steve jobs influence is waning. now they are looking at other phones and larry's right. samsung and a lot of people are going, i have been so but now they have competitors who offer even better products in some cases. they will go into the at&t store, the horizon store and poke around a little bit becausel) years and it's always been a joke that when a new iphone comes out in your starts getting glitchy and the battery starts going down and the phone

. >> steve jobs thought that a computer should require no technical skill.ould be capable of generating artistic endeavors and not just number-crunching business things. >> is there anything you'd like to see? >> we'd love to have it in a book right now, you know, about this size, but that's technically impossible. >> steve's like, i want to make a friendly computer, a computer that comes from a different kind of place, that owes its inspiration to people who are thoughtful and creative and human and humane. >> this is an experimental office system of the xerox research center in palo alto, california. >> flowers, my anniversary. i forgot. >> xerox in the 1980s was one of the most exciting companies in america. they had a booming business. it wasn't a computer company. but it was the palo alto research center. >> xerox park was xerox's think tank. they were working on all these crazy, out-there ideas which included the mouse, overlapping windows, fonts and graphics on a computer screen just to see if they could do did. steve jobs hears about some of this wor

this is the guy who along with steve jobs conceptualized the ipod, the first imac which helps to saverom bankruptcy, the apple watch, the ipad. he is back after taking two appleto focus more on the headquarters, the spaceship-looking place. julia: why would you shift someone who is so pivotal to the ? sign of the headquarters why would you take him away when he has been so critical, particularly as you said, saving the company at one point? mark: that is a pointman of people miss when talking about him. as plenty of points if you read the tea leaves. widow a few years ago called him deeply tired. he also called himself deeply tired. it seemed he was getting bored with the day-to-day. then the management change happened a few years ago. expected was this? was this always the idea, or was there a thought that if he characterized himself as tired -- mark: given his own comments and steve jobs' window has comments, there has been lots of speculation on the blogs and media and people talking in the apple world -- given his own comments and steve jobs' widow .lus comments hindsight is 20/20

there is nothing bigger than steve jobs.o be that big. if you try to be as big as bill gates and don't succeed, you will be bigger than michaeljackson. i guarantee that. interesting logic there. it always sounds so easy you just follow your dreams did it there could soon be news of a deal between britain and the eu that did it that will allow brexit talks to progress to the next stage. uk prime minister theresa may and brexit secretary david davis have travelled to brussels after holding talks overnight on the future status of the irish border — the last remaining ‘divorce issue' that must be resolved before trade talks can begin. financial regulators have reached an agreement to harmonize global banking rules. the deal — known as basel iii — is the culmination of a decade—long effort to make banks less vulnerable to another financial crisis. it still has to be ratified by individual governments. but there has been some relief in the industry that banks won't have to raise as much capital as initially feared. and now — what'

steve jobs gave a very well-known speech at stanford commencement speech. he said if you graduate college he will amount to nothing. college prep and career. to raise these individuals who are self sustaining that isn't necessarily the goal of the government. i'm not qualified, my kids need for social position. >> guest: i have a whole list of these arguments because i've heard them. there are valid arguments. it's probably the best out there and if it isn't. i believe god gave me children to bring patience. at the opposite of patients is anger. i turned that all on its head. you have a 5-year-old. why are you thinking of giving him over to an institution. there is one area i recognize it is a far reach. i know people who've done it. it depends on the child's personality. it may be that homeschooling isn't available to you, maybe that is an option that isn't available. before i got married my husband suffered three strokes, i got an opportunity for shooting an ice cream commercial, i wanted it, it was a big deal. i walked in and i said to kevin i got the jo

. >> when you were developing a you well, what was your -- aol, what was your relationship with steve jobs? steve: in the earliest days come here just been fired by apple. when he came back in, his company was acquired by apple. we work together on a number of initiatives including digital music. he obviously was one of the iconic entrepreneurs that had led the way. some of the ideas he put in place at apple, they are going to be important in the third way. apple has hinted they will be focused on health care. how do they use the approach apple has around software and services and designed to help revolutionize the health care system? some of the instincts he has, that perspective will carry on. >> there is an incident in the book where the apple corporation puts you in your office at a catatonic state for a while. steve: the late 80's, we got started at aol, every competitor at the time was prodigy. we couldn't compete head-to-head. we created apple personal edition. i think it was the first time apple license their brand name to another company. they decided maybe that was a mistake. we

have two things in common: a good idea and the passion to implement it. o be a to become the next steve jobs or mark zuckerberg, do need a good busan. and to tell us more about that, is terri liselle. she's an author and an expert on young adult entrepreneurs. hi! - hi! - what got you interested in teen entrepreneurship? - well funny story when i was really young i started a bake sale with my friends and we actually made a profit from it. and later on down the road when i was an older teen i decided to start my own tronic t-shirt business which was a lot of fun. so, an entrepreneur is someone who starts a business and a teenpreneur is a teen entrepreneur as their own business, makes their own money, and they solve a real life need. - so let's say i want to create a business. how do i start? - well, the first thing i like to ask is what is your hobby or talent? are you good at dancing? are with computers? or also, take a look at your environment. ething in your environment that if you came up with a solution it will fulfill a need? - you recommend creating a fiess plan. let's walk through tha

bigger than bill gates, there's nothing bigger than steve jo bs, gates, there's nothing bigger than steve jobsr than stevejobs, but you too have the opportunity to, you know, try to be that big and if you try to be as big as bill gates and don't succeed, you will be bigger than michaeljackson, i guarantee you that. now that i'm 40,i i guarantee you that. now that i'm 40, iwant i guarantee you that. now that i'm 40, i want to aim to be like, you know, the other mike, michael dell. i want to be like the other steve ede, not stevie wonder, stevejobs. i want to change will.i.am to macro free, bill gates. why not shoot and aim that way? there's nothing wrong with making sure your dreams have a great execution squad. i want to surround myself with votes that reflect my new dream. if i can do it, coming from the ghetto, you can do it too, you just have to surround yourself with engineers and discipline future thinkers —— disciplined. if you could live in the conditions you're living in an dream this way, should be a cakewalk. the multi— award musician will.i.am speaking there. let's look at the marke

estatal no elige a un democrat,s que lo conocen en alamba, apoyo del pdresidente donald trump y e steve jobs y de muchas a organizaciones republicanos y no gano ¿que paso enealamabama?s una brujula qude lo queria pa pasar en el futuro? >> jnoseno se si es asi o no, pi puede odecir que muchos rep republicanos no apoyamos que el juez moore fuera el candidatoaq pesa que habia ganado elp elecciones presidenciales pim e respuetsta que el dio inicialm n inicialmente cuando se lc eue s cuestiono fueoron suficiente paa darnos cuenta que no representa los valores repoublicanos. >> esto podria pasar en otros estados que en el pasado han t votado republicanos o hasta e a estado que estuvieron asi por un hilo entre hillary clinton y d o donald trump? >> jose sin duda alguna el par i partido democrata si va a comp t competir a nivel nacionan l en s sgrtiguientes elecciones poere e respuesta del partido democrat s es unanime de no aceptar este tipo de compoartmientortament l otro lado en la casa blanca el p partido hay un jefe con maltrato de mujeres. >> o estabans pequeÑas o no h a habias nacido pero el

. >> americans just elected a billionaire president, they worship steve jobs, think the world of jeff bezos and republicans need to grow up. you get rich by achieving remarkable things, you can only achieve remarkable things in so far as people of means back to you. this tax plan tells the rich and the remarkable that we are going to tax you at higher rates. why elect republicans if they are going to do worse than the democrats? >> looks like -- class warfare stuff. >> that is what this, the linchpin of this, getting the biggest tax break, the middle-class, nickels and dimes. >> there is a bottom line here, that any tax cut is better than we have now. >> taking a lot of money, look at the 5 rich districts in dc, republicans playing that game, get is animated as cpr dummies, they don't like that. >> first and last word, tax reform, gop planning to overhaul something else to stop your money from flowing into dc, raging wildfires leave building a website in under an hour is easy with gocentral... ...from godaddy! in fact, 68% of people who have built their... ...website using gocentral,

he dreamed of being the next steve jobs. rising entrepreneur who wanted to change the world.ut his world came to an end one morning, with four gunshots. at first, no one knew what to make of this case. but a jury made it clear. this was a crime of passion, a fatal triangle, involving a husband, a wife and a boss. here's dennis murphy. >> reporter: broad daylight. morning in a busy parking lot. then, pop, pop, pop, pop. >> several shots were fired. >> reporter: a man gunned down at close range outside a nursery school in a wealthy atlanta suburb. a silver minivan screeched from the lot. startled witnesses saw a man slumped on the ground. >> right now, the identity is unknown. >> reporter: they recognized the man shot as a dad who just dropped off his 2-year-old son. a preschool, of all places, had become a crime scene. >> we are told all of the children are perfectly safe. >> reporter: the shooting victim being rushed to the hospital turned out to be 36-year-old rusty sneiderman, a married father of two. >> i just hung my head and cried. >> reporter: rusty's older brother stev

steve jobs gave a speech at the stanford commencement speech and he was booed off the stage because he said if he were graduating from college he will amount to nothing because you've been taught to be an employee so you will never be an entrepreneur. why is the mantra of the school system college prep and career readiness because the government is wanting to raise worker bees for the economy and all of the parent is today's a happy and healthy individual who can provide for themselves as being self-sustaining. that is not necessarily the goal of the government. >> i am already paying taxes to the local school. i don't have time, i am not qualified. my kids need socialization. these are some of the arguments against. >> i have a whole list of the arguments because i've heard of them and there are some valid. it's the best choice out there and if it's not the best choice out there, you are in a very unique situation because i don't have patience is a big one. i believe god gave you and your children to learn patience. what is the opposite of patients, and his anger. so when you say i do

for "nightly business rep i'm steve liesman. >>> teva pharmaceuticals will cut 14,000 jobs. that's where we begin tonight's market focus. the israeli drug maker said it would eliminate more than a quarter of its total workforce as part of a plan to cut $3 billion within two years. teva said it will also suspend dividend payouts to shareholders. teva's shares nonetheless were higher today. >>> cnbc says snyders lance is considering a potential sale to campbell soup. snyders is weighing the sale. it rose 5% to $44.42. campbell fell about 1.5% to $48.56. >>> costco reported earnings that beat analysts' estimates after the bell. the wholesale retailer said net sales rose more than 13% year over year. shares of costco were volatile after hours and during regular session were off to $186.53. >>> oracle reported second quarter profits that beat analysts' estimates. the software company said a 44% growth in cloud revenue drove results. that wasn't enough for some expectations and that sent oracle initially lower after hours. shares were up a fraction in at it regular session to $50.

how closely did you work with steve jobs?i-fu: i always say i was there between jobs. , and after ie left left, he came back. we did have some intersection. he did call me to see if i would go back to apple, but at that time it just looked too scary. apple'sy was predicting doom and i got this job offer from microsoft. emily: you went on to work at microsoft in beijing, then google. microsoft was not happy, and they sued you kai-fu:. kai-fu:that's right -- they sued you. kai-fu: that's right. everybody was reporting it. i could not escape it. i had a flight and said i was going to get on the plane and read the magazine and take a break, and the magazine was handed to me. there i was on the cover, the lawsuit, but of course google and i had done nothing wrong and to munch -- two months later was allowed to go to work at google. concerned youre would take intellectual property and things you had worked on, right? claim, butt was the i was working on something totally different. afraid of further exodus. they felt that would be

how closely did you work with steve jobs? kai-fu: i always say i was there between jobs.y tenure at apple, i joined as he left, and after i left, he came back. we did have some intersection. he did call me to see if i would go back to apple, but at that time it just looked too scary. everyone was still predicting apple's doom and i got this job offer from microsoft. so i said, not this time. emily: you went on to work at microsoft in beijing, then google. microsoft wasn't too happy about you going to work for google. in fact, i think they sued you. kai-fu: that's right. it was a big lawsuit. you guys were probably reporting it. everybody was reporting it. i could not escape it. one time i said, i'm just going to go to the airport -- i had a flight and said i was going to get on the plane and read a magazine and take a break, and the magazine was handed to me and there i was on the cover, the lawsuit. but of course, google and i had done nothing wrong, and two months later was allowed to go to work at google. emily: microsoft was concerned you were going to take intellectu

another book about this but the short version is they wanted everything to be free but we also love steve jobs bill gates if you want everything to be free the only answer is advertising so they were born as an advertiser but the problem is they get better and better and faster and faster so what started out as advertising turned into continuous monitoring and feedback and it's easy to design those to be addictive and hire them out to manipulate people. >> shawn admitted this the other day. >> the day after your piece was published i should note.is >> he said they knew they were designing something addictive. >> the most tragic thing about it is since they require input from people they only work adding their own posts and videos and things. when people add positive minded construct of material, the social media gets routed to terrible purposes for the simple reason social media has to drive engagement of everything else and negative emotions drive it better than anything else, so a year after some positive training you have backlash could the arc of history and sets it back because the backla

deng's the i fought on the i'm field a small smartphones were introduced just ten years ago steve jobs presented apple's first i phone in two thousand and seven i since then society has changed radically and it's not just changed in a way that we decided on in a democratic fashion visor u.t.v. a democrat up custom ted. ramsey emails first sentence when he was sending e-mails on your smartphone data are being gathered on who you talk to who your contacts are the state of your finances us alice all the data are just gathered and stored somewhere the information is integrated to create a profile of. amount of profile is sold and traded on this is proof you can make money out of you one hundred mit you have a living to go for it and jesus puffy the spirit name must kind of profile doesn't capture your entire life that i was a person. so what does it daisy a profile that is rather like forensic profiling in the search for a perpetrator list expenses and i'm going to profile is generated by ted up. in all the things you click on your life even if you don't actually post or write anything you

everything is free, but, but, we still adore and myth oologize o entrepreneurs, our bill gates and steve jobsverything was free but with ads, that would be fine, except that when you have computers watching what everybody does every second and then providing feedback every second and advertisers are influencing that feedback, you've totally left behind advertising as we've ever known it and you've entered into this other realm of algorithmic behavior modification, okay? and so essentially this project of the left turned into this massive behavior modification scheme. so the only way out is either to make everything free or everything paid. if we try to do this combination of free stuff in a market society you end up with behavior modification, and that's not survivable. we have to find our way to some kind of solution where there can be millions of little entrepreneurs, incredible diversity, and no giant over-lord who is controlling information. >> how can you explain how the godfather of vr can end up growing to become, can morph into someone who is such a staunch critic of the internet or c

no ipads for the kids of steve jobs. the round up of rules comes from a french channel. many of the big tech giants send their kids to a school in silicon valley famous for being screen free. it shows you the real luxury is not fancy technology. it is freedom from that fancy technology. sometimes technology can bring your spiritual insight. this last story from the bbc -- they are reporting the dalai lama has released a new app. it will allow followers to stay up-to-date. it comes a few years after the roman catholic church released a map for people to keep track of their sins. another step in religion and spirituality finding their ways into online lives. molly: thank you. for more, you can head to our website woman: to many outsiders, culture in los angeles is something that begins and ends with the movies. but the city has always bebeen home to radicl voices and new ideas that have stirred things up. in art, in literature, in architecture and urban life. in recent years, the city's artistic profile has grown bigger and brighter, with new w cultural i institutiononsw a

, and basically, i kind of have to laugh because two of the great entrepreneurs, bill gates and steve jobsopped out of college when they were freshmen, and my story is the exact opposite. the company nike is really the result two universities, the university of oregon, which started the idea of running shoes, and stanford, which had the entrepreneur education, so i tried to get back to those two schools. the other which means a lot to the other which means a lot to me is oshu, which has an outstanding leader in their cancer research area. david: the oregon science health university, you gave them $500 million for cancer research. you've also given recently $400 million for a program at stanford university. so when you give them $400 million gift or a $500 million gift, do you write a check out or wire the money and is it hard to write the check? [laughter] phil: yes. some of it has been given in stock and some paid out over a few years. david: you had two sons, one died tragically in the scuba diving accident. in his honor, you have done some things. how have you tried to memorialize him i

years since the beginning of the first rule smartphone when we think of these the the i phone when steve jobs went on stage in two thousand and seven introduced the world to the i phone of course the smart phone i don't think any of us would want to be without but it is a device that collects data most of the big international players are actually extremely good when it. as to the use of that data they but they will use it for their own commercial gains between advertising recommending friends that we might get in touch with or some or some such a game we wouldn't think of that is terribly impactful but we lose track i work in this field and i i couldn't tell you where who and how my data is being used and that's that's slightly frightening i've got to say the words to of course fake news to what extent is algorithm machine learning how are they involved in the spread of fake news which is you know come to dominate the headlines over the past couple of years and there's been a lot of people saying well this is all down to computers managing to spread the misinformation who is to blame for tha

the other "aha" moment for me was another great leader, steve jobs, who we were visiting, trying to seeld collaborate with apple a decade ago. he said, why don't you put wi-fi in all your cable boxes? david: and you said what is wi-fi? brian: i went, what is wi-fi? because that was before anybody else. now we have more wi-fi than any company in america and the fastest wi-fi. david: you bought from ge nbc universal. was that something natural for you? were you worried that maybe you shouldn't be in the content business? brian: there were people who had that worry. we had a dream that the perfect company, if you could create it him from scratch, would be in the distribution, but also in content. both were good businesses. they were kind of symbiotic. so we had got into a certain scale, and scale matters. we had dabbled in content. we owned the golf channel. we owned e entertainment. we had some regional sports networks. and along came the recession of 2008, 2009, and the financial crisis. and ge needed, or wanted, to sell nbc universal. we had been knocking on the door for a decade. and o