during this 90 minute event hosted by the independent institute, he is joined by steven hayward at the american enterprise institute and max stackhouse of the princeton theological seminary. >> hello, everybody. i am the director of research for the independent institute. for those of you who don't know us and it is a nonpartisan public research organization. every year we published many books. we publish a quarterly journal, the independent review. and we host forums like this one, both here and at our offices in oakland, california. our goal is to enlighten the public can better improve public debate and understanding of social and economic issues. before we get our main event, i did just want to make it know. i wanted to congratulate mario vargas llosa of winning the nobel prize for literature. [applause] aside from the obvious merits of this pic, the the war of the end of the world is what my fear this is important to the astute for two reasons. first of all, mario has a deep understanding of the foundations of a free society. he is a classical liberal and a true scholar of what ma