>>;qr the stinl stimulus bill in 2009. at that time interest rates were down at about zero. e national debt than it did to 8ehíigdp. i think in the end, we've had a very significant recovery because the over introduced so called quantitativeç7b easing, drove down long term interest rates that ultimately led to as ben bernake redikt re predictedht#s it would lead to increase consuming spending and that in turn led to more hiring accumulation and gave us the serious recovery that started in the second half of 2013. so i think that as a more general prop oi significanceosition when you do tax changes or do spending, it's worth tryingqj9ñ to calculate what that's trying to do to gdp. historically, on the tax side, that's not@ff9ñ been done. so congress gets a incorrect view of what the costs are of tax reductions and what the benefits are of tax increases. >> thank you, doctor. can we hear from the other two quickly. we only have about two minutes. this is a big issue. i would like to point out a couple of obvious things first. very few bills are substantial enough in their impac