stoughton to talk about national standards and how use of force and violence in. i'm not going to allow you to do the crowd effect on his opinion. it's really pushing the extremes of this expertise. he's the use of force expert. he can mention he didn't think the crowd in this case was but he's not going to get into was a factor. he was aware of it. he didn't think it was a factor and he can give an opinion as to whether or not the defendant violated national standards but i don't want to get into separate opinions about generally existence of crowds and, he can talk about he is aware of this case, the crowd effect and that does not change his opinion. to the extent of the defense, i'm probably give you more than the state deserved by allowing you to talk about national standards and his opinion in this case whether they were violated and he can talk about how the crowd, he took the crowd into effect but it don't want him talking about like so many of the experts did not small crowds, large crowds, all that. >> this specific crowd. >> exactly. >> i will limit it t

professor stoughton because he reviews so many body worn camera cases and has expertise of that and,ou know, lectured on this topic before of the phenomenon of suggestibility or auditoryof. julia he would be able to provide not only testimony about the suggestibility of why a witness may have answered a question in a particular way to provide an example of this and we have a demonstrative of that particular segment slowed down supplemented with a transcript and it would suggest he said something complete different. ultimately professor stoughton would indicate that when he was listening to the portion several times he was unable to discern what precisely was said. >> anything to respond to that? >> your honor, again, i believee this is within the province of the jury to decide what was said in the state has already after i asked those questions of mr.s ryerson he formed a different opinion about what was said. and so, first and foremost this is an issue within the province of the jury and what was said, what wasn't said, they can listen to it and they will be provided with the exhibi

we have all of the opinions of seth stoughton, stiger, barry broad, zimmerman, arradondo, david ploeger, lieutenant mercel, and they all reach very different conclusions about when the force became unreasonable. all you have to know about barry broad about what he was talking about is this physically managing any person, his opinion is you can use nondeadly force to physically manage a person. it's all within the model of the mpd decision making model. i found the most interesting person to be relevant to the use of force lieutenant johnny mercel. considering that he is derek chauvin's actual use of force trainer. so the best glimpse that we're going to get into, the training of a minneapolis police officer, comes from the trainer who conducts the training. he conducted hundreds of trainings over the years. he corrected the state at certain times in terms of how strike charts don't apply to restraint techniques. he said the knee on the neck is not an unauthorized move. and it can be utilized in certain circumstances. he described using a knee on the neck and bac be there for an extended

fred: the state of minnesota then called former police officer and use of force expert seth stoughtonughton: if you think of someone who is laying face down where the head or face is against the ground and the chest is against the ground, the neck is like a suspension bridge. so it's generally accepted in policing you do not put weight down on the neck in that position. fred: judge cahill said he anticipates closing arguments will begin one week from today. for the pbs newshour, i'm fred de sam lazaro. vanessa: good evening, i'm vanessa ruiz in for stephanie sy. we'll return to judy woodruff and the full program after the latest headlines. updating our top story on use of force, in brooklyn center, minnesota, the city council voted to give mayor mike eliot control of the police deparment and then eliot fired the city manager. and in virginia, the state attorney general has asked the windsor police department to release records involving use-of-force from the past 10 years. a police chase in georgia left three officers wounded and an alabama man dead. the man's brother was taken into c

stoughton -- >> nobody gets it right.lly. >> you testified that you were a police officer for approximately five years before going into the more academic nature of your work? >> i was full-time with the police department for a little less than five years and stayed on as a reservist for six months and was an investigator before going to law school and taking an academic, route. >> okay. and you analyzed this case principally from an academic stand point. correct? >> i would not describe it academic, no. the professional standards for policing. >> okay. and the gram versus connor standard is more to it than the three factors. agreed? >> the standard is the fourth amendment standard, yes. there's more to gram v. connor and more to the professional standard than just gram v. connor. >> that would include that the analysis of an officer's use of force viewed from the totality of the circumstances? >> as viewed through the lens of a reasonable officer. >> it is not just 14 ten-second clips but the totality of the circumstance

law professor and prosecution expert seth stoughton walked jurors through the body camera images. that he had physical ability, he didn't have much in the way of opportunity to assault or harm the officers — and, just as importantly, there's no specific and articulable facts that a reasonable officer could use to indicate he had the intention of causing physical harm to officers or others. his evidence was contradicted by defence expert barry brodd. i felt that derek chauvin was justified, was acting with objective reasonableness, following minneapolis police department policy, in current standards of law enforcement in his interactions with mr floyd. you have to try to see it through the eyes of the officers on the scene. you know, what factors are they dealing with? what circumstances, what was the suspect doing? what were onlookers doing? were there environmental hazards? and then, try to put yourself in the officers' shoes to see if the decisions they made were objectively reasonable or not. with tensions high over the final stages of the trial, there was upset and disbelief w

stoughton's proposed testimony in that regard, in addition to it being outside the scope of what he would normally testify to. at least in this particular case. >> so, your honor, i do believe that bringing in a sixth opinion and this is the very nature of the motion in limine and at the beginning of the case and this is what wehe sought to prevent d the court gave latitude with respect to the sergeant and with respect to lieutenant zimmerman and with respect to allowing the chief to testify as to his interpretation of the minneapolis police policies and so, at this test. test. test. test. test. test. test. test. test. test. test. captioning performed by vitac included just to give context of the statement, the statement was approximately an hour and a half long. he freely answered the agent's questions about where he and mr. floyd spent the day, what his behavior -- what their behaviors were, where they went, the things that they did earlier in the day. and specifically, how he appeared physically, what his demeanor was, et cetera. he then provided information to mr. -- excuse me, agents

. >> reporter: the prosecution's final witness, seth stoughton, a national use of force expert from south carolina. >> it's clear from the number of officers and mr. floyd's position, the fact that he's handcuffed and has been searched, he doesn't present a threat of harm >> reporter: it's not clear how many witnesses the defense will call or whether chauvin himself will testify. chauvin's attorney has indicated he'll call at least one police officer back to the stand. but today the judge said he'll limit the questioning of morries hall, the passenger in floyd's suv, who told the court he'll invoke the fifth amendment to avoid questions about whether he provided floyd drugs. the prosecution now expects to officially rest its case tomorrow, lester >> and gabe, a few moments ago i understand you spoke with the floyd family. what did they have to say? >> reporter: yeah, philonise floyd told me it's been an extremely emotional day and family attorney ben crump told me the family is outraged that another officer would be so reckless in the midst of this trial, lester. >> all right, gabe, thank

a few days ago zelinsky paid a visit to nato secretary-general un stoughton bad selenski stressed that the western military alliance is ukraine's only way to end the war in don't pass experts in moscow say that statement would not have gone down well in the kremlin. any cooperation between ukraine and nato any help from the north atlantic alliance is a red flag for the kremlin. but that doesn't mean that all members of the alliance welcome ukraine's desire to join nato as soon as possible letting right know better steps towards membership are not on the agenda. a clear statement that gives many in russia hope that a war is preventable. the people of donbass are less optimistic though the pro russian separatists insist they don't want war either. useful if ukraine takes the 1st step nobody knows where it will end the muslim. kremlin is doing all this to blackmail ukraine and the west. troops are reinforced if their school ation continues even a small provocation will be enough to set things off with unpredictable consequences. russia's defense ministry says this footage shows recent exe

them ahead of time that was going to happen the day began with the cardiologist it ended with seth stoughton an expert on the use of force but the cardiologist testimony jonathan rich from northwestern university unequivocally bat's the prosecution's story that it was derrick children's name on the neck of george floyd that caused him to lose breath and stop his heart this is what he had to say. well the 1st of course was to not subject him to that initial that initial prone restraint. positioning that he was subjected to i mean that is 1st and foremost so if that was not the case i don't think he would have died. the 2nd though was when he was in that. sort of duel and restraint positioning and he was stating repeatedly that he can't breathe. and he was getting a little weaker in his speech there was one moment in the video where i heard one of the officer saying. i think he's passing out well obviously john you know we know what's going to happen in the next couple of days and obviously we've seen what the floyd family are going through right now you've been following. court proceedings fo

state your full name spelling each name reply name self seth wayne stoughton.-e-t-hpwanepstoughton. >> your witness. >> thank you, ur. >> how are you employed i'm associate professor at the university of south carolina school of law, and affiliate proves they are the department of criminal nolg and criminal justice. >> how long have you been a law professor. >> i've been there for seven years now, almost seven years. and two years prior to that in a teaching fellowship preparing to be a law professor. >> and do you teach academic courses at the south carolina law school? >> i do. >> what courses do you teach. >> i teach criminal law. and police law and policy. >> do you also conduct any scholarly research? >> i do. >> yes. >> what scholarly research do you conduct. >> i study the regulation of policing in multiple aspects of the regulation of policing. >> and i'd like you to please describe your educational background for the jury so they can understand how you come be to be a law professor at the university of south carolina. first, where did you receive your

we have all the opinions of stoughton, zimmerman, arradondo, david pluger, lieutenant mercel, and they all reach very different conclusions about when the force became unreasonable. all you have to know about barry broad is all he was talking about was physically managing a person. his opinion was you can use nondeadly force to physically manage a person. it's all within the model of the npd decision-making model. i found the most interesting person to be relevant to the use of force, lieutenant johnny mercel, considering that he is derek chauvin's actual use of force trainer. so the best glimpse we're going to get into the training of a minneapolis police officer is the trainer who conducts the trainings. he's conducted hundreds of training over the years. he conducted the state in terms of how strike charts don't apply to restraint techniques. he said the knee on the neck is not an unauthorized move and it can be utilized in certain circumstances. he described using a knee in the neck and back and stated that it can be there for a stated period of time depending on the level of resis

stoughton -- >> nobody gets it right, so i won't take it personally. ... >> . >> and the standard you have discussed there's more than just those three factors. >> the standard is the fourth amendment standard, yes. there is more than that professional standard. >> that would include the analysis of a officers use of force is from the totality of the circumstances. >> with a reasonable officer. nelson: it's not just 14, attend second clips but the totality. >> yes. nelson: and it establishes that it shouldn't be viewed from the 2020 lens of hindsight. >> the 2020 lens of hindsight is the admonition not to rely on evidence that was not available at the time. of course that doesn't mean we cannot evaluate after-the-fact. nelson: understood. we look at the information available to the officer on site at the time. >> not exactly if it was available to reasonable officer not the subjective understanding. nelson: a broader lens then just the officer that was actually on scene. >> the objective lens. nelson: that includes all of the things known to a reasonable police officer on the scene. >

we have all of the opinions of seth stoughton. jodi staiger. barry broad. zimmerman, aradondo, david pleoger, lieutenant mercil and all reach different conclusions about when the force became unreasonable. all you have to know about barry brod is what he was talking about is this physically managing any person, his opinion was, you can use non-deadly force to physically manage a person. it's all within the model of the mpd decision-making model. i found the most interesting person to be relevant to the use of force lieutenant johnny mercil. considering that he is derek chauvin's actual use of force trainer. so the best glimpse that we're going to get into the training of a minneapolis police officer comes from the trainer who conducts the training. he has conducted hundreds of trainings over the years. he corrected the state at certain times in terms of how strike charts don't apply to restraint techniques. he said the knee on the neck is not an unauthorized move. and it can be utilized in certain circumstances. he described using a knee on the neck and bac

another expert witness, law professor and former police officer seth stoughton, blasted chauvin's actions. >> no reasonable officer believed that was appropriate, except of a, or reasonable use tearful testimony as the -- amy: george floyd's brother philonise gave tearful testimony as the prosecution wrapped up its case. derek chauvin's defense is due to call its first witnesses today. after headlines, we'll go to minneapolis for the latest on the police killings of daunte wright and george floyd. u.s. health officials are calling for an immediate pause in the use of johnson & johnson's single-dose covid-19 vaccine after six recipients developed a rare complication from blood clots within two weeks of their vaccinations. one woman died and another has been hospitalized in critical condition. it's not known if the vaccine caused the disorders. the centers for disease control reports as many as 100,000 people regularly die of blood clots each year, and clotting is often a symptom of covid-19. on monday, the u.s. recorded 70,000 new cases as the covid-19 death toll passed 562,000. the cdc re

professor stoughton, former police officer, university of south carolina law school professor. this use of force was unreasonable, it was disproportionate and it violates national standards. the experts agree because the force has to be reasonable when it starts. it has to be reasonable when it ends and what is happening? if you look at the bottom and george floyd is handcuffed and on the ground. what is he saying? he's saying i can't breathe 27 times within the first 4:45 of this encounter, he's saying that and the defendant continues to kneel on his back and neck. continued the dangerous restraint. george floyd says into the restraint at 8:22:24. "my stomach hurts. my neck hurts. everything hurts." was george floyd resisting when he was trying to breathe? no. the defendant acknowledged it and all he did was mock him. uh-huh. it takes a lot of oxygen to complain. that's when he said. it takes a lot of oxygen to say that. when george floyd in his final words to the defendant, please, i can't breathe. i can't breathe. crying out for help to the man in uniform. the defendant stay

. >> reporter: the state of officer and use-of-force expert seth stoughton. >> if you thin of someonelaying face down where head face is against ground chest against ground neck is suspension bridge so it's generally accepted in policing you do not put weight down on the neck in that position. >> reporter: judge cahill said he anticipates closing arguments will begin one week from today. for the pbs newshour, i'm fred de sam lazaro. >> woodruff: in the day's other news, a police chase in georgia left three officers wounded and an alabama man dead. the man's brother was taken into custody. the chase began outside atlanta, when state troopers pulled a car going 111 miles an hour. they say the driver took off again, and the other man opened fire on pursuing police. shooting erupted this afternoon at a high school in knoxville, tennessee. police say one male student was killed and an officer stationed at the school was wounded. a suspect was arrested. there's no word on a motive. on the pandemic, new numbers show 28% of the u.s. population is now fully vaccinated for covid-19. at the same

we have all of the opinions of seth stoughton, jodi sachar, barry brodd, redondo, lieutenant mercil,bout when the force became unreasonable. ——jodi stiger. all you have to know... -- all you half to know _ all you have to know... -- all you half to know about _ all you have to know... -- all you half to know about barry - all you have to know... -- all you half to know about barry brodd i all you have to know... -- all you half to know about barry brodd is| half to know about barry brodd is managing any person. his opinion is you can use nondeadly force to physically manage a person. —— all you have to know. it is all within the model of the mpd decision—making model. ifound the most the model of the mpd decision—making model. i found the most interesting person to be relevant to the use of force lieutenantjohnny mercil considering that he is derek chauvin's actual use of force trainer. so the best glimpse that we are going to get into the training of a minneapolis police officer comes from the trainer who conducts the training. he has conducted hundreds of trainings over the years.

. >> professor stoughton, the fourth factor, determining whether the officer's actions are appropriate and proportional and reasonable. will you please explain what you mean by appropriate, proportional and reasonable? >> yes, so what we are talking about is a sort of balancing. this also pulls from graham v connor and the fourth standard that talked about balancing the individual interest into the ine government interest. the idea is an officer cannot use more force than the situation justifies. that is the foreseeable affect that the officers use of force can't be disproportionate to the threat presented by the individual's actions. >> and, sir, did you take all of these factors into consideration in performing your analysis in this case? >> absolutely, yes. >> did you assist in the preparation of a demonstrative exhibit, exhibit 953? >> yes, i did. >> and would the use of that demonstrative exhibit assist you in explaining your analysis and testimony to the jury? >> yes and how the factors apply. >> i'm offering exhibit 953 for demonstrative purposes. >> any objection? >> [inaudible

professor stoughton, professor stoughton, former police officer, university of south carolina, law school professor. this use of force was unreasonable. it was disproportionate and it violates national standards. the experts agree. because the force has to be reasonable when it starts. it has to be reasonable when it ends. what is happening, , is a look t the bottom as george floyd's handcuffed and on the ground. what is he saying? he is saying i can't breathe, 27 times times within the first four minutes and 45 seconds of this encounter he is saying that. the defendant continues to kneel on his back and neck, continue the dangers restraint. george floyd says my stomach hurts, my neck hurts, everything hurts. defendant heard that. he heard those words. was george floyd resisting when he was trying to breathe? no. no. and the defendant heard it and he acknowledged it, and all he did was mocking him. it takes a lot of oxygen to complain. that's what he said. takes a lot of oxygen to say that. when george floyd gave his final words to the defendant, please, i can't breathe, i can't breathe,

and professor stoughton because he reviews so many body-worn camera cases and has expertise in that and has lectured on this topic before of the phenomenon of suggestibility or auditory. only if he would be able to provide not only testimony about the suggestibility and why i went to space answer the question in a particular way, you would be able to divide an example of this. we have demonstrative of that particular segment slowed down so committed with the transcript and to suggest he said something completely different. ultimately the professor would indicate when he listened to the portion several times without suggestion he was unable to discern what precisely was said. >> mr. nelson, do you want to respond to that part since i don't think we talked about tha that. >> your honor, again i believe that this is when the province of the jury to decide what was said. the state has already after i asked us questions of mr. reyerson, he formed a different opinion about what was said. and so first and foremost this is an issue within the province of the jury, what was said, what was and sa