mentioning colonialism, the expansion of european countries into sub-saharan africa that is needed for the epidemic to live. also critical fast forward to the early 2000's. you are certainly not suggesting that europeans are others go into sub-saharan africa, or maybe you are. [laughter] or we should not be a part of the solution but to refer to solutions negative three. -- negatively. explained to me a cheap intervention and it works. high level leadership leadership, menacing nursing gained, what do we take from at and why are you critical of the western response? >> guest: it is hard as americans to perceive us as others do. it is a revelation would move to south africa in 2004. people could not be more wonderful to us. but they felt pushed around by the u.s. government especially politics. maybe it is part of our detour but for us to the and in a place and not take over. africans have a lot to say almost everyone says i say this but people don't listen. the western response has been massive and wonderful wonderful, when i think of my tax dollars, i am glad they keep people live wit

sub-saharan africa is now the site of more than 28 million of the world's 40 million cases of aids. thin sub-saharan africa, however, there is g von in the rate of infection. some of the highest rates are in southern africa. a few nations have not been severely affected. kenya falls somewhere in between. as a geographer, i was interested in how aids had spread across kenya. i actually saw an article published in the paper about, um, the rate of new aids infections every year, and i said, "wow, there's all this information. i can... i can map this." narrator: the data veronica mapped documents a process that geographers call "diffusion"-- the spread of a phenomenon over space and time. in 1986, which was before the government began collecting information on aids, there was a zero rate of reported infection across the country. in 1987, infection of the population by the hiv virus was reported only in the areas surrounding kenya's three major cities-- mombasa, nairobi and kisumu. but in 1990, the picture changed dramatically as rates of infection continued to rise in urban areas and als

africa. but the scale of it, you know, potentially a huge sway of territory across saharan and sub saharan africa, and the challenges that potentially represents for intelligence services and western intelligence services in getting to grips with and tracking that kind of threat in a potentially huge, ungoverned space in west africa in particular. >> and the problem with intelligence obviously pretty difficult. >> yes, at the same time, it also points to the fact that there are potential problems for al qaeda as well. you know, there are very levels of links already between al qaeda and with al-shabab, hints of links elsewhere, as you mentioned with haram, but also unresolved tensions. al qaeda has a trans national agenda. at the moment, one group clearly doesn't so. there are those issues. there's also the potential spillover effects for countries like the u.k., for example, new concerns about new or greater radicalization in new subsets of british youth. there's been signs of that with somali community, but it could also spread, the report says, to other sort of east and west african minority c

but the places in sub-saharan africa, they definitely need all the help they can get. the question is, how do we reach to live for this new world where it still has an important -- how do we re-tool list for this new world where it still has an important role? he does not come from an economic background. he comes from a public health program. he will have to be learning on the job. it is not clear whether he has the leadership skills or the intellectual ambition to drive this forward in the coming years. >> what will be your benchmark? what is the one thing you will look for to see if he is a successful leader that will revitalize the organization? >> the role of the world bank president is to raise money. you need to persuade world governments to put more money in the pots that you can lend out to the poor asian countries, african countries. there were rumors that some countries around the world did not want to contribute any more. that has not happened. but there has not been a big financial ground for a while. then you go to places like the u.k. -- just keep the in

but the places in sub-saharan africa, they definitely need all the help they can get. the question is, how do we reach to live for this new world where it still has an important -- how do we re-tool list for this new world where it still has an important role? he does not come from an economic background. he comes from a public health program. he will have to be learning on the job. it is not clear whether he has the leadership skills or the intellectual ambition to drive this forward in the coming years. >> what will be your benchmark? what is the one thing you will look for to see if he is a successful leader that will revitalize the organization? >> the role of the world bank president is to raise money. you need to persuade world governments to put more money in the pots that you can lend out to the poor asian countries, african countries. there were rumors that some countries around the world did not want to contribute any more. that has not happened. but there has not been a big financial ground for a while. then you go to places like the u.k. -- just keep the in

mean, we have still areas in pakistan which are comparable in terms of human development to sub-saharan africa and the country has been more or less obsessed with its security paradigm has been obsessed with fashioning the outcome in afghanistan to what people thought were their advantage to their liking. and that has, i think, created a number of problems both domestically and pakistan has undergone the transformation from being a peaceful kind of liberal and tolerant society to a society where there are new conflicts almost every year, just look at the domestic, the ethnic issues in pakistan now and also look at the sectarian issues, the shia/sunni conflict. it also has an impact in afghanistan where pakistan has made clients but very few friends. this is despite the fact that most who are alive today have some kind of experience with pakistan. a lot have lived in exile in pakistan. most in their lives have somehow traveled to pakistan to meet relatives, participate in a marriage, whatever. and yet one thing that most afghans agree on are the policies pakistans have not done good to us. and

it was a ten-week game that you would play and we aimed it first at young people in sub-saharan africa, although we invited the whole world to play. you would play it and learn about social enterprise or how to start your own business, that could not only make a sustainable profit, but also tackle a social issue like clean water or clean energy. and at the end of the game, if you completed all of the quests and the missions, you would not only get certified by the world bank institute as a social innovator, you were also el visible for funding for a business that would design during the game. >> i think this is jane's greatest genius and contribution is that she is reframing the whole conversation about gaming. she created a game called superstruck. we asked people to envision four, five very disruptive scenarios for the future around energy, around water shortages. >> for example, we had a superthreat called generation exile, which was considering the possibility that there might be massive migration due to climate change. >> we asked people, how would you cope with these challenges?

have to wonder how strong was the government this is a continuation of the arab spring into sub-saharan africa one factor though is in the zealous nature of president obama and president sarkozy and prime minister cameron in their intent the carrier regime change in libya and kill gadhafi when it was not necessary there actually help peace process because many of these rebels are coming back from libya very well on. increasing use of monitoring technology in the u.s. has lost the wonder of big brother is more fact and fiction and the use of forensics and even tracking on line dated seems know will be safe from prying eyes or if he's very important i reports from new york. ken years ago bio metrics robotic spies and state surveillance were the makings of a side by flick starring tom cruise performance of today many scenes from the hollywood blockbuster minority report however arguably an american we ality with life ominously imitating art your walking down the street of the camera takes a picture of you is able to compare it through facial mapping is able to compare it to your driver's license

have to wonder how strong was the government this is a continuation of the arab spring into sub-saharan africa one factor that is in the zealous nature of president obama and president sarkozy and prime minister can run in there and can't think carry out regime change in libya and think killed could nafi when it was not necessary there actually help peace process because many of these rebels are coming back from libya very well on britain's health system is set for a controversial overhaul after new reforms were passed critics think the bill could spell the end of free health care with allegations that some lords and m.p.'s who voted for the changes put profits first are he's laura smith reports on a system is needed to check a. it's a merry go round of self interest along for the ride members of parliament the house of lords and health care companies opening up britain's national health service to plumbed by profit is the jewel in the u.k.'s welfare state is under strain promising free health care but with criticism but it can't cope the government says private sector involvement is the only

and he did europe, asia, never sub-saharan africa, but, again, he knew the leaders. and it was just part of his staying abreast of -- and feeding it all into his own mind, with all the other inputs that he had so that he could make as coherent and useful evaluations as he could of where we were, where we ought to be going and advising and so forth, and he also was a sort of backstage adviser to other presidents, too. >> let's listen to some more of the interview and, again, get your reaction. >> you can't escape the fact that he is first and foremost a person, loaded with faults and flaws, and also loaded with extraordinary intelligence. and a great sense of statesmanship and what it took to be a great statesman and how much he wanted to be a great statesman. and the fact is he did it to himself. and if you can accept that, excuse me, if you can accept the fact that he brought himself down, you can feel a

prevents us foreign policy if you know that's what's happening in africa and in no matter in sub-saharan africa where it's used to be a country of committing the same roots. both of course it is part of causality is in the so called part of what's happening is that all those all those countries which were under the french. and now becoming more american in other words it's an america in africa and i'm talking about this year that i'm talking about welsh area mali of course which is in the process of coal the well head also in central africa where the. united states has taken hold. especially with all the processes. to ask you also about france's influence over the libyan crisis of course and of course it's been very proactive move to syria just how much could france's foreign policy change. and what impact could that have own the western interests in syria right now. well i i suspect that if some pussy willow was. possible let's say egypt wellstone becomes president of the republic we may see the new seven term shift change the. french foreign policy but i should also mention the other. aspect

with sub-saharan africa, i have personally been a. in this new role i have not been there yet. i would like to talk to you further about the opportunities you have seemed a bit i have been meeting with senior most leaders from sub-saharan africa to a degree. for example, i met with dachshund is a prime minister or president of god when he was here. i met senior officials from nigeria when they were here. and my own business i get a lot in south africa. that was my energy business. but i think you're right that that deserves priority and focus enough like to go further with it and i would like to talk to you about any ideas you have about how we might take that further. >> madam chair am i yield back five seconds. >> thank you for your generosity. the chair recognizes dr. cassidy for five minutes. >> thank you, mr. secretary. mr. secretary, i've a article that speaks about how as a builder of shale gas has been just tremendous in terms of jumpstarting manufacturing. cost of u.s. manufacturers reduce national gas expense by almost $12 billion annually through 2025. and because of

a very low level of earth of life satisfaction as one way of putting it where as in togo in sub-saharan africa eighty one percent of people they are very unhappy this is a big difference and it's something that we can take a look a marketing about you know because i was looking at some of the surveys of the different reports about wellbeing and happiness it seems to me i don't want to be too contrarian right here but if you're poor you are happy you are because that's what it looks like. well not as a sara lee i mean once one has achieved material sufficiency particularly so in butan there's a level of contentment that's achieved and it seems it seems paradoxical that the lower the g.d.p. per capita in some cases but higher the great degree of happiness again this is seemingly paradoxical but you know the basis of good life as our style and aquinas is sufficiency of material needs and secondly virtue is actually so i believe there is an interesting challenge can we achieve a degree of wellbeing and happiness relative to certain level of g.d.p. and i've shown that that actually i think you can

i have been meeting with the senior most leader from sub- saharan africa. i met with the prime minister or the presidential of ghana when he was here and officials from nigeria when they were here and in my own business, i did a lot in south africa. that was that deserves a focus and i would like to talk to you about any ideas you have about how we would take that further. >> i yield back five seconds. >> the chair recognizes dr. cassidy. >> i have an article which speaks about how the availability of shall gas has been tremendous in terms of just starting in manufacturing. this could help manufacturers reduce natural gas expands by almost $12 billion annually. there could be 1 million more workers added in manufacturing by 2025. if we take those maxims, the upon the's insistence nine energy companies the same oftax exemptions, does that do not out of this section 199 in peril or potentially harm the manufacturing renaissance we are enjoying because of the work these energy companies are doing? >> let me address the energy and i will do what i can on the ta

just under 10% of the exports that went to sub-saharan africa, and about 20 percent of all exports thatwent to turkey and india. some say the private sector can handle all of this. there is a robust presence where we operate. just because there are atms on the street corner does not mean there is a lot of money in that banking system. there is no shortage of were the infrastructure projects in places like vietnam and nigeria. there is a shortage of good financing options. we helped to fill that gap. ex-im fills a gap for very big and very small companies that just don't get enough attention from banks. we are essential and the types of deals that a multi-year and multi-billion dollar like orbital. thanks for knocking down the door to offer long term, $100 million financing for satellites or locomotives or airplanes or power plants. we are essential to small businesses, which accounts for nearly 90% of all the transactions we see. there is a small texas company that sells crop dusters and firefighting airplanes primarily to farmers worldwide. air tractor has orders to ship 176 of these a

>> well, about 25% of school absences in sub-saharan africa are traceable to malaria.lthy, they can learn, they can go to school. when parents are healthy, they can go to the market, they can go to the fields. it build, as a society, the malaria control programs build an economy and society. we've seen companies, you and i saw companies in a region of ghana where they're investing in malaria prevention programs not just as a measure of goodwill, but as an economic driver. they're reducing lost workdays, they're building society, and you've seen school attendance skyrocket, you've seen lost workdays plummet. that's the sort of thing which if replicated across after, could have an extraordinarily effect on building viable trading partners for america and helping create american jobs. martha: michael, you wrote a piece on your visit to zambia that was fascinating, and i encourage everybody to go online and check it out, but you talked about china. china is spending ten to one the dollars we are investing in africa. talk to us about that. >> well, it's true. you see it all

there's a reason the per-capita income is twice that than any other country in sub-saharan africa apart from the fact it is a very small country with a lot of wealth, and that is to put 100% of their money into the transparent trust. the money goes into a trust, you know what contracts are worth and you can follow the money to see if that much money is in the trust, then in the money is spent it spent to diversify the economy, and that is all transparent. that's the way that every country should handle this resource. if they did it would be the biggest boom to africa and ordinary people would see their incomes rise. i go to nigeria once a year. we must just have climate change project st nigeria. but i go there once a year to a major precedent where a nigerian press brings all the people from all sectors of the economy and brings people like me from outside to tell them that they should be honest and transparent because it would work better and point of hard-working and other places, because if nigeria works, south africa works, you can avoid the worst of what is going on and give them

there's a huge opportunity in sub-saharan africa to remove border barriers, create more integrated markets. so you're from east africa. so i visited order -- one-stop order in a place that helped open up i think he was actually kenya and uganda. they've gone from today's for goods transferring to two hours. this doesn't require huge sums of money. we have worked with private firms to develop the software and it means this intimate ties in the process could then be combined that with infrastructure development. so whether it's roser wheelbarrows reports or electricity to be able to strength in it. so you're right i saying that some regional integration i would focus on subregions come to east africa, southern, central africa is the way to really start to drive a potential for growth. and i keep coming back to this because when i read most of the press, everything is focused on the macroeconomic fiscal monetary. fine, i'm not denying that. but you could ever deal with these problems unless you create sources of growth in their sources of growth in africa and i see it as sector firms been int

for easing some of the structures they have because what i'm worried about is a place like sub-saharan africawhere you suspect the exporters of major commodities to the u.s. in the europe of the trade finance. if you're a small country, small bank on a small client this inter-african trade comeau should be the future of growth, those are likely to get squeezed. so again what i try to do in these meetings with my chi 20 colleagues because we see of these marketplaces to anticipate those issues and those are some of the ones that i'm focusing on. in the last of course, which is implicit in your question is that we are not out of this mess yet. so if you have a more seismic event because of failures of management, that is going to have everybody hard. still a fragile as economy.

most of them are in sub-saharan africa, about five and a 80 million. south asia, 350 million. east asia and other parts of the world, about 350 million. the challenge of delivering universal access to electricity and clean cooking fuels are simple goals but it has several challenges built within it. if you take the case of the united states, in the 1930's most rural households did not have electricity. it was during the fdr administration in 1936. the rural electrification act was brought in. by 1953, 90% of u.s. farms had electricity. in 20 years, the electrification drive, with a lot of federal funding and political commitment. it is exactly this kind of effort needed to pick up in terms of funding and the drive for the process. if you look across the world, even though you of access in many countries, the consumption patterns are very different. in the u.s., on average represent consumes 12,900 kilowatt hours a year. in the u.k. with 100% access, 5,700 kilowatts per year. in china, 2600. in mexico, 940. there is a wide variation in consumption. here lies the point the senat

you will see that most of them are in sub-saharan africa, about 580 million of them. south asia, 360 million, east asia and other parts of the world about 350 million. so these challenge of delivering -- clean cooking fuels is simply goal but it has several challenges built within it. so if you take the case of the united states, in the united states in the 1930s, most world households did not have electricity. and as during the fdr administration in 1936 that the rural electrification act was brought in. by 1953, 90% of u.s. farms have electricity. so what any period of 20 years, this electrification drive with a lot of federal funding behind it, but also a lot of political commitment, it is exactly this kind of effort that is needed at the country level, to become more in terms of funding and in terms of political commitment to drive in electrification process. if you look across the world, even though you have access in many countries come and develop countries come in developing countries, the consumption is very different. in the u.s., for instance, on average a

but we do not cover the famines in sub-saharan africa, the droughts and the other problems in those partsof the world with the same focus as we cover economic and military crises in other regions of the global. so it does seem to me that we really need to constantly, you know, take our own temperature and see whether we are paying enough attention to underserved communities not just here at home, but also outside this world. >> ana, isn't that part of the problem? at one level we talk about the sensationalism, and that's true, but if you don't risk making an issue sensational, it won't get covered. so trayvon, if we go in to florida when the family called us, if i don't call a rally and marchs, i still can't serve what they want to get the public attention. if i do they say here you go hot dogging again and sensationalizing the issue. on the reverse side, if nia-malika and april do not ask the race question, then the black community says are you selling it and if you do ask it, are you filling the stereotype? >> yeah, it is, and i think that's important. part of the problem, i think, is w

princeton scholars like dan cates had examined how access to health care and sub saharan africa impact'the rate. most of these deaths occur in developing countries, the united states has one of the highest maternal mortality rates among developed countries -- 1000 maternal deaths per year. among developed countries, the united states also has the highest incidence of low birth rate and the infant deat something that is not unrelated to maternal health. the steady policy approaches to improving the maternity care system. my own research shows that extending public health insurance to poowomen and children has improved infant health and reduced mortality. clearly, there is a long way to go given that half of pregnancies are unintended. clearly planned parenthood continues to fill a vital need. one of our newest affiliates has done research showing that political participation of facts access to health care and infant health in brazil. when i was preparing these remarks, i could not help thinking about the different careerof miss richards' looking at political participation and also access to

we turn for developing countries like sub-saharan africa, our forecast is for continuing strong growth at 5.4%. putting things together, this forecast implies -- forecast for growth improving to 4.1% for 2013. you may want to ask, how does this relate to our forecast as of last january and september? it is about 0.2% higher than forecast in january. about 5% lower than they were in september. let me turn to the risks. the geopolitical tension effecting the auto market is surely a risk. the main risk remains that of another acute crisis in europe. the building of the so-called firewalls, when it is completed, will represent major progress. but by themselves, firewalls cannot solve the difficult fiscal competitiveness issues that some of the european countries face. bad news on the macroeconomic front. the risk of triggering the type of dynamics that we saw last fall. this takes me to the last part of my introductory remarks, which are implications for policy. first about the baseline and whether they can be made stronger. most of the policy debates center around how best to balance the

princeton's colors like christina packs and have examined how access to health care in sub-saharan africat the rate while studies the process governor access to health care in brazil. the most of these occur in the developing countries, the united states is one of the highest maternal mortality rates among the developed countries 1,000 maternal per year. among the developed countries, the u.s. also has the highest incidence of low birthweight and infant death, something that is not unrelated to maternal health chw betts c armstrong studies policy approach to improving the maternity care system. my own research has shown that extending public health insurance to poor women and children has improved health and reduced mortality but clearly there is a long way to go given that pregnancies are unintended. clearly planned parenthood continues to fill the vital need. one of the newest of the limits of the center for health and well-being has done research showing that political persecution by does advantaged citizens affect access to health care and infant health in brazil, and when i was prepa