ferguson's this is the star power and decline of several western empires with author and culture critic susan jacoby. >> well, as it happens i have been rereading the fall of the roman empire at the same time have been reading your book. .. >> host: do you see what'shappe? by that i mean the whole toxic boss of news that is brought your lives everyday in western europe, the united states. united states. do you see this is relatively sudden, or as the result of factors that go back at least as far as the second world war? >> guest: far be it from me to disagree with edward gibbon, probably the greatest historian of all time. but one of the points i wanted to make in "civilization" was gibbon is one of those historians who had encouraged us to think of historical processes as quite gradual and slow acting. he covers about them in history. brohm seems to take his thousand years or so in decline a fall. i've suppose the problem with that approach a circle change is it encourages a certain complacency in us, a sense that while we have problems but they will probably play out over the decades and possibly