swimming pools would close. schools and theaters would close. it was on everybody's minds, and parents just pitched in, kids pitched in, the march of dimes. the national foundation for infantile paralysis ran a fund-raising program to help fund research on polio and treatment and on a vaccine. when the vaccine came out, this was the success of the people of this country. this wasn't government funded. it was the funding from the people. >> i'm guessing that when you heard of the success in the very limited vaccine trial thus far in coronavirus, you had occasion today to think of these early patients with some measure of empathy and sympathy. you've been there. >> well, it's wonderful to have encouraging news. but i have to say that the process to develop that first polio vaccine by my father and his team at the university of pittsburgh was a long and very carefully undertaken process. at this point there's such a huge need. this disease, the coronavirus infection came upon us suddenly. it's been a total shock to our consciousness. there's a great need to have a vaccine, but there's also a great need to proceed carefully. vaccines are wonderful discoveries, inven