how are we going to build a subway system? what are the topographical and geographical conditions to consider in order to be able to build a subway system? here's a topographical map of new york, which shows you there's a lot of rock, hills, cliffs in upper manhattan, in the middle part of manhattan it's relatively flat. but new york is a city of islands, and so if you're going to connect all of those islands together with a subway system, you've got to do a lot of underwater tunneling. so there are three methods of building the subway system that become prominent. one is blasting through rock. one is doing underwater tunneling to get between the islands of manhattan. this is an image of a sand hog underwater,to go live in compressed air, terrible conditions, possibly contracting the bends and putting his health at great risk to tunnel underneath the rivers of new york city. then the other method was called cut and cover, and that basically entailed digging a trench in the street, covering it over with wooden planks, building

to veterans and power systems. secretary mcdonnell has an opportunity to outlined changes -- outline changes. such a the a is patriotic and compelling cause, the secretary wolf wind pioneering leaders in every field who will work with him to develop a new 21st-century program. each of us can tweet, facebook, even talk with folks about the new potential, the new opportunity, the new obligation we have to bring the best to our veterans by empowering them with all the tools the 21st century. thank you for giving me this opportunity. [laughter] [applause] we will take questions. if anyone has a comment, question. i am peter, a law student. how would you address a privacy issue concerns? veterans might be a little hesitant of putting their information on the cloud. >> i think there's going to be a permanent challenge of privacy. we have very draconian laws about violating privacy, particularly as it relates to medical records. on the other hand, i would suggest -- if you look at the way records have been handled the v.a

, an educationn system, a research system. africica --iseases in they are turning to the u.s. military for assistance. to ourre many aspects system that need to be preserved and advanced. model system and that's why folks are so passionate about it. when it comes to fee increases, is there a sense alreaeady -- wt is the number folks should start to get comfortable with because modest increase is a one. what needs to be done to say hey, look, this is where we need to go given the kind of care we are getting in order to be able to maintain it over the long termrm? >> the exact amount will be determined by congress and according to a lot of dierent perspectives. i wantt to say at the outset tht we are fully committed to providing a robust health benefit to the men and women who have committed to serve and defend this nation. it is without question that they are to have a robust, fair, reasononable system. having said that, the issue is about b balancing incncentives r use of care, making sure they have access to care. i want to m

builds the system however i.t. people will build the system and then we go to our staff and say now guys, input this, you know, i don't think then we're going to run into the same type of resistance or the same type of -- >> [inaudible] virtually impossible to build this system without any intake from staff. the line staff has been involved from the beginning starting two-and-a-half years ago. not as much, but two-and-a-half years ago it was all conceptual. asela tells me they've rolled this out in 422 localities, some of them large cities. what i'm seeing right now is mostly -- it's a new system and people are afraid of it. when we get more training most of those problems should go away. we 're still going to have bugs. oakland rolled out eight, nine months ago. i talked to the chief over there and she says six months later we're still working on it. it's a custom -- it's a off the shelf system that's customized to every jurisdiction, but i ensure you we have staff in the training room all last week and really fro

and that when we have a distorted tax system, distorted by a distorted political system that has given a huge amount of weight to the upper one percent, to the corporations, then that kind of distorted political system leads to a distorted tax system, which leads to a distorted economic system, which leads to an economy that is not performing as well for most americans. >> there's a quiet urgency in this white paper. i also read an excerpt of your speech when you received the daniel moynihan prize for social science research. and you said in that speech that this country is at another pivotal moment in history. what do you mean by that? >> well, what i was referring to at that moment was there had been two periods in our history where inequality had risen to what i thought was an unconscionable level. the gilded age, the end the 19th century and the roaring '20s, right before the great depression. in both of those instances we stepped back from the brink. we realized where we were going as a country. we said, that's not where we want to go. and the gilded age was followed by the progre

most of the indirect way is through the tax system. so, for instance, if you give special tax provisions for oil companies, so they don't pay the full share of taxes that they ought to be paying, that's a welfare benefit. lots of other provisions in our -- hidden in our tax code basically help one industry or another, that can't be justified in any economic terms. and, so, that's where we coined the term "corporate welfare." it's caught on. and because it says it's a subsidy, but not a subsidy, help going to a poor person, which is where welfare ought to be going, but going to the richest americans, going to our rich corporations. >> so, we have a tax code that encourages companies to send their profits abroad, to send jobs abroad, and to reward owners of their company whose money may not come back to the united states? >> it doesn't make any sense, you might say. and the fact it doesn't, you know, one of the reasons i wrote the paper was, you know, there's a lot discussion going on about we have a budget deficit. and we have to slash

this is data that comes to or out of our automated meter structure system. what you see here, every one of those blue lines with the little tag at the top, is a daily read from the jones street tank, a storage tank in the water supply system and on the left-hand, this is over the last three months, on the left-hand side, you see, those bars are constantly at a level of 400,000 gallons per day and so the system was using and demanding, 400,000 gallons per day which is not good news for a system, and that is generally in the waste and that means that we are losing water out of that system and so we worked with folks, trying to target the leak detection techniques and i will get it right. and by about, mid june, we were able to detect a large leak in the system and get it repaired and so you see there, about the middle of that table, the demand dropped substantially and this is something that we could not have seen with our old manual reads where you read the meters once every two months, this is because we are getting the daily data so that we can actually see

in california there are 500 censors in the system.this one. >> should we go there. >> yes, let's go down. i will follow. so this is some of the green domes that we are looking back in the lab. >> that's correct. they are the real back bone of the seismic network. and they are sensitive enough to tell you where the moon is over your head. the pull of the moon. >> they provide the data scene turning movements into the yellow p waves and red waves we see in the lab. >> these are the guts of the early warping system. they -- warning system. they detect the motion that an earthquake sends. that's the first part. these are what gets the information out to the rest of the system, and let's us know when an earthquake is coming ahead of time. >> from the moment the p wave reading comes across the system to the time the s or sheer waves strike, a lot can happen. strains could be stopped. rock -- trains could be stopped, planes waved off landings, elevators sent to the nearest floor and hospitals could go into emergency mode. timing is everythin

we go to a more space space-based system away from a ground-based system we still have some of thoseeces of hardware still in service for when we have the solar flare activity. for one, we have something that takes down the signal or disrupts it. and that is why we are never going to be fully only space-based next gen. we are looking to a strike the right balance. as far as funding, we are always playing a game of triage trying to push priorities forward an advocate for what is nearest and dearest at this point in time. otherwise if we keep saying we need money here, money here, money year we will lose our effectiveness. one of the questions i have -- was there a follow-up question? >> monitoring is part of a new ground system. the grant system is essential to the new gps three satellites. have to have it. and you can have a grant system that is monitoring, but the monitoring is essential for the aviation component for next gen. so it is going to be happening over time. it is not like it is tomorrow. if you change the structure discussing the financing structure, are you going to inc

tax system. and should not enhance the bias to foreign acquisitions. most importantly, it should not impede our overall progress towards comprehensive tax reform. toward that end, it should not be inconsistent with our house colleagues' approach. i think there's a growing concern among some of our friends on the other side of the aisle to use corporate inversions as a political wedge issue in this election year. in fact, i was recently the recipient of a very politically toned letter from treasury secretary lew on this issue. i hope that's not the direction we take if we want to accomplish something on this issue, we're going to have to work together. as you can see, mr. chairman. we have a lot to discuss today. i want to thank you for holding this important hearing and i'll look forward to hearing from this very distinguished panel. >> thank you very much, senator hatch. and let me just reiterate i'm very much interested in working with you and our colleagues on both sides of the aisle to addres

to veterans and power systems. secretary mcdonnell has an opportunity to outlined changes -- outline changes. because the a is such a patriotic and compelling cause, the secretary wolf wind pioneering leaders in every field who will work with him to develop a new 21st-century program. each of us can tweet, facebook, even talk with folks about the new potential, the new opportunity, the new obligation we have to bring the best to our veterans by empowering them with all the tools the 21st century. thank you for giving me this opportunity. [applause] we will take questions. if anyone has a comment, question. >> i am peter, a law student. how would you address a privacy issue concerns? veterans might be a little hesitant of putting their information on the cloud. >> i think there's going to be a permanent challenge of privacy. i think we have very draconian laws about violating privacy, particularly as it relates to medical records. on the other hand, i would suggest -- if you look at the way records have been handled

and so for the individual, it is benefit for them to end up in the system of jail system. you get out of it. and better improvement. and what it is (inaudible) and it may be (inaudible) and all of the individual is required, yeah (inaudible). >> thank you. >> next speaker. >> hello, my name is sarah carson and i work for one family a program at community works i do all of the parent and child visits inside of the jails and i want to talk a little bit about just maybe one of our families that we work with a highlights these fees. i work with grandmother who has two boys, one who is in a prison and one in jail. and she struggles every month to put some money on their books for commissary and talks about no matter how old her boys are she feels them to be her children and want to provide them something and she is also a relative care foster provider for her grandchildren. a 7-month-old and a 3-year-old. she struggles every month to pay for the bus to come and visit her children and to bring the grandchildren to visit their fathers at the jail. and she struggles for diapers, s

a choice to stay in the system or choice to go out of the system. there may be folks that will not come back into the system, they may want to -- there our a lot of veterans who don't because they have the ability to seek health care somewhere else. begin to seee will what that number is. they always said 90%+ of the people are satisfied. here's a great way to test it. you will expect 90% to stay in the system. is--he $10 billion offset >> mandatory emergency money. offsets, and if additional money is needed, it will have to be done through the normal appropriations process. the veterans need quick response. this is the way that we need to be able to make sure that the veterans are not standing in line, as they happen. it doesn't matter what senator sanders roy or our conference committee passes. we can't legislate good morals and good character. as long as people are inside the system, willing to gain the numbers as they have in the past, the v.a. is not going to be able to fix itself. as we both have talked with the incoming secretary, he will be

and the quota system is in effect until 1965. the national origins quota system, i should say. host: and then what happened? lbj sends this law, and how does the process change? guest: they have to come up with a different formula on how to distribute immigrant visas. how it changed is they eliminate and insteadl origin will distribute the visas by country, more evenly distribute them, and not favor one country over another. this is primarily being distributed around the eastern , asia,ere -- europe africa, every place but the americas. the americas under the quota system had not had any numerical restrictions in the 1965 act adding one annual ceiling for the americas, which would later become individual quotas for each country. host: what was going on in the country leading up to the legislation? what was the debate like? guest: well, the debate -- it isn't so much about national origins. in congress and across america, most people were ready to put the national origins formula behind them. but there are lots of concerns beyond that about immigration, and the question is, if y

stuff, andes staff, systems.you can't be compassionate without expertise and you can have expertise without supplies that you need to do a good job. i do not see those two positions as really in context. -- a contest. the right to health care, the right to support just as a public health response, it has to be aware of how an illness is transmitted and how to protect the public. this tension, which is very profound as you know, is worsened by the fact there is no good medical system in liberia or sierra leone or guinea. and we have to build one. >> were talking to dr. paul farmer. we will come back to this discussion after the break. the music we are about to hear is called "ebola town." it was written to raise awareness about ebola. ♪ [music break] that was written earlier to raise awareness about the disease. this is democracy now!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman with juan gonzalez. our guest for the hour is dr. paul farmer, an infectious disease doctor, medical anthropologist, foun

we need to centralised the system. we can have a sewage system so even with the tap water system. i was studying the plan that was put out. if you put a filtration system telling the kids to drink this water, if this earthquake damages the school, you may have the houses go down and your house maybe the only one standing, and people will ask to use your restroom. if you have your own system that only operated in your community and theirs went down, they can use yours because it's still up and running. because we don't have anything available that says yes, this is going to withstand an earthquake. we didn't participate in the geo is survey to talk about what is happening. when they say the united states is going to have some major issues with water reliability california wasn't the state and today we are the worst state in the union. i think we need to look at what we have available. we didn't plan inform that and we just saw what happened in napa. what happened to earthquake history here in 1906, that big fire that just happened, we were using that i was using created long before

that is a complicated system.ld have to acquire and be trained on to be able to apply that. there are systems over in syria that you saw over in ukraine. that sophistication that would have an opportunity to shoot down a u.s. aircraft. i do not think they have that source or availability of that kind of weapon. >> in terms of where guided missile technology is going, how is it evolving? what is the next frontier? >> you try to reduce the amount of bombs or artillery they are using to hit targets. to get that technology and be able to be as accurate as possible to only use one strike, one hit. it is where we are going. there's no one in the world a better than the united states on this technology because of what happened in afghanistan and using that aspect of it. the other bigger technology would be the laser, using the laser as a weapon to take down rockets, mortars, missiles, etc. that will be further down and they are looking at systems that can be used half a cup of diesel fuel to shoot a deadly laser. that is

it's going to be in the system. not -- just as a result of the way the system, the system works. but we also know that there is a safety issue here, a very significant safety issue, and that was the problem with creech. i mean, if you can get into the system and control and use the unmanned vehicle for other purposes than intended. so i wonder if you could just give me a little bit of download in terms of what your thinking is on this, how we need to go forward on this, on this issue from a federal level and what -- obviously, there'll have to be a number of agencies involved. >> i'm very concerned about the cyber issue for the reason that you talked about, that we rely on the information technology infrastructure for the control of these aircraft, and that is different, and that is new as it relates to how do we insure their safe operation within our national air space system. the faa is actively engaged with the technical commitment, and we're d community, and we're working closely to establish what is an appropriate technological standard to insure that we have cyber protectio

we have a system that fails them and a system that fails the patients who expect and really deserve health care that is not formally effective but safe and improves their health, not arms it. thank you very much. >> thank you very much. senator warren, you were going to introduce tejal gandhi. >> dr. tejal gandhi is an associate professor of medicine at harvard medical school and the president of the national patient safety foundation. she received her undergraduate degree from cornell university and her medical degree and a master's in public health degrees from harvard university. before serving and the national patient safety foundation, dr. tejal gandhi was chief quality and safety officer at partner's health care and served as executive director of quality and safety at brigham women's hospital. tejal gandhi's research has focused on patient safety and on how using information technology can help reduce errors in health care. in 2009 she received the eisenberg patient safety award in recognition of her research on the epidemiology and prevention of medical errors so again we have some

it has been part of the system long asdes, perhaps as the system has operated.you may think of prosecutorial discretion to be just one form, like maybe in a criminal context, a prosecutor choosing not to file charges were choosing which charges to file. p.d.ainly, that type of applies in immigration law but there are more than two dozen forms of prosecutorial discretion. there are the so-called non-enforcement actions, the decision to refrain from taking action, like a non-serving a charging document or notice to appear on a noncitizen or not filing that document with the immigration court, which is the trigger for removal proceedings. there are as well, as marshall alluded to, affirmative acts that the agency may take to grant temporary reprieve to a person or group of persons. some of the historical types of prosecutorial discretion that have been carried out in this stays of removal, parole, deferred action. program is one form of deferred action. does this prosecutorial discretion, from. is it legal? where is the authority? this is grounded in the u.s. const

subway system is the circulatory system of new york city.orld class capital of the world that it is today without its subway system. allowed the city to expand and to develop as you built the subway system, you got more real estate. and so the city was able to beautiful residential neighborhoods and people had a ay to get to the two central districts in order to get to work. without the subway system, you ouldn't have skyscrapers, you couldn't have a concentration of culture and business that you have in new york city without the subway. and so to look at the old cars basic see what -- how technology was, but how based on a neighborhood it was is a heartwarming k, aspect of what we do here. it's that this subway -- the take the trains that we are a part of our lives. they're a part of our neighborhoods. they're part of the fabric of means to live in an urban environment. and it's a very important way, about o teach people sustainability. again, if you're taking the train or you're taking a bus, your carbon ng footprint. that's a very importa

a choice to stay in the system or choice to go out of the system. there may be folks that will not come back into the system, they may want to -- there our a lot of veterans who don't because they have the ability to seek health care somewhere else. begin to seee will what that number is. they always said 90%+ of the people are satisfied. here's a great way to test it. you will expect 90% to stay in the system. is--he $10 billion offset >> mandatory emergency money. offsets, and if additional money is needed, it will have to be done through the normal appropriations process. the veterans need quick response. this is the way that we need to be able to make sure that the veterans are not standing in line, as they happen. it doesn't matter what senator sanders roy or our conference committee passes. we can't legislate good morals and good character. as long as people are inside the system, willing to gain the numbers as they have in the past, the v.a. is not going to be able to fix itself. as we both have talked with the incoming secretary, he will be

this system focuses more on food safety than the current systems. >> phyllis, do you an agree and twoit sounds like we are privateizing the inspection industry, do you agree? >> i disagree with dr. james. i worked with it. i was in the first program on the pilot program, it is the biggest disaster that ever hit the united states. i disagree with putting out the new program, because in this new program, they said that the companies would have to test for bacteria and now leaving it up to the company to test nor even less. >> there was self-regular eye lags in the past and how did that work out? >> when the fox guards the chicken house, things don't work out so well. keep in mind right now consumer reports from 2014 found that virtually all, 97% of the chicken breasts tested in the united states were contaminated with bacteria and that is under the current inspector and then think about that with less inspectors. >> the inspectors cannot see the bacteria. second of all, there were a number of pilot plants that i worked in and helped to develop this system within before reaching alabama

to serve newcomers so a lot of of the foundational system is already there and we have a system where we set the system up in the beginning which school year urging the formula and students come in through the year that funding has already happened we're anticipating additional if i understand in the following year and have there's some interest in the in terms of foundations to fund the support work we're exploring so there's other things we're looking into as well. >> so if i may follow-up what is the timeline to hire the staff person and what kind of professional development are we going to be offering. >> so we're in the next couple of months we're going to be working in terms of qualifications the roles and responsibility we already have in terms of goals and outcomes a draft work plan of what that individual will do that individual will be responsible for is really building the awareness to all of our sites who will be receiving unaccompanied immigrant children insuring with the teachers and the whole system of support is ware of the resources that are out there really strengthe

our legal system is broken. we have backlogs, quotas, rules that don't make any sense in me have a lot of anger in the code undermining our national security. you have the headlines today with the crisis of the unaccompanied minors on the southern border and i will talk about that a little bit. what is absolutely true is something contrary to a lot of the headlines. the code is chock-full of legal authorities given to the executive branch. inre are piles of provisions the code that mention the president having authority the secretary of homeland security having authority. those of you in the audience who are national security lawyers -- you will be familiar with the famous test that applies in situations like this. 's opinione jackson takes a flexible approach to the issue of presidential power rejecting any fixed boundary between congress and the president. i think it would be helpful in today's news media when people talk about presidential power to remind them because jackson divided presidential authority in

limits so as we look ahead we've gots got system improvements to do, in fact, sfmta is getting ready to experiment with a mobile tithing service we want to see whether it's worst the expense to do innovation on the back end we can learn from n them in the next clipper generation we'll have the payment options we're looking at our peer agrees. this map shows in black the fair system that is currently operational and in red moving into a reject generation and that's chicago and toronto and washington, d.c. so we have a lot of speculators and grateful that areas like chicago and d.c. are moving ahead of us we can learn from them. specifically what are our plans we have a contract that extends through november of 2019 we don't have to have a system in that time but to keep it the contractor that provides the clipper system that is going to end at the end of 2019 we have architecture go limitations we have very complicated recreational policies and we have and so all those things inspire that laying in new intelligence today is expensive and risky and pushed united states to the point of

meaning the contractor got paid each though the system doesn't work -- even though the system didn't work, and so there weren't enough incentives across the whole project management to insure that this thing would get done. >> host: what are the similarities you've seen between this and the very high profile problems with healthcare.gov during its development and rollout? >> guest: well, the one big difference is they never rolled this out. this system is still in the testing phase. in fact, after six years and almost $300 million, it's never actually been employed. so you're not seeing the results in the public that you did with healthcare.gov. >> host: we're talking with steven from the associated press who's been following this investigation into the sos administration -- into the social security administration's disability i.t. program investment of about $300 million inics years, and -- in six years, and and it's still not working. if you have questions or comments, republicans call 202-585-3881. democrats, 202-585-3880. independents, 202-585-3882. i used the word "investigation

the plan goes to maintain the existing system. we want to know when our children and grandchildren are trying to get on the train or drive down a neighborhd street that it's in good working order. we also have a performance based plan that looks at projects and does a cost benefit assessment and really ies to maximize the use of public tax dollars and come up with an interconnect system that serves this growth pattern. a couple of the key projects in the system. one is something called bart metro. it's the highest scoring project. it would provide a lot more capacityn the core of the brt system that lead into this segment talks about our job growth. we are fort unate to be bringin in so many jobs. to support that, people have to get to work. we need more frequent service. >> are u dealing with high speed rail at all? >> we are deang with high speed rail. one of the key procts is the ele electrification. its right now a dee sill system. >> that's another project that has a lot of angst in connection wit it because of the dollar amo