that's what our t charlotte dubin ski has been exploring. when western leaders banded together to impose unprecedented sanctions on russia, they were clear, this would smash the country's economy to a pulp. we will limit russia's ability to do business in dollars, euros, pounds, and yen. to be part of the global economy, the sanctions measures we impose today, i think without question for the most consequential ever levied on russia. and arguably, the most consequential ever levied in history. all coordinated sanctions pushing the russian economy back to the say, the era, our sanction and the self sanctioning of companies themselves, draining rushes economy and thus draining the criminal war machine. at 1st, there was signs that the may succeed, the central bank raised interest rate to 20 percent, and they were reports of shortages. however, almost 4 months on those warnings happened yet come to pass. in fact, some signs suggest that russia is far more resilient than any western be the could have predicted between january and april, russia.