critical of of taft. he also is in the midst of all of these political debates and discussions in europe that make him excited for new policy. is that if you were president again, he might be able to pursue. and so when he gets back to the united states, first of all, he is greeted with a hero's welcome. he is tremendously popular. and both that grievance with taft and that excitement about these new ideas really begin to push him into thinking, well, maybe, maybe this would all be easier if i were just president again. and so that's what pushes him into running. how did americans react in 1912 to the idea of a former president running against a sitting president, a sitting president that he had helped tap for the job? oh, for some americans, it struck them as disloyal. but other americans, again, just love teddy roosevelt. they liked having him as president. they thought he was an interesting and charismatic figure. and so he also drew a lot of support from americans who wanted to see him back in the whi

critical of of taft. he also is in the midst of all of these political debates and discussions in europe that make him excited for new policy. is that if you were president again, he might be able to pursue. and so when he gets back to the united states, first of all, he is greeted with a hero's welcome. he is tremendously popular. and both that grievance with taft and that excitement about these new ideas really begin to push him into thinking, well, maybe, maybe this would all be easier if i were just president again. and so that's what pushes him into running. how did americans react in 1912 to the idea of a former president running against a sitting president, a sitting president that he had helped tap for the job? oh, for some americans, it struck them as disloyal. but other americans, again, just love teddy roosevelt. they liked having him as president. they thought he was an interesting and charismatic figure. and so he also drew a lot of support from americans who wanted to see him back in the whi

what happened to taft after the election? taft got his dream job. he was appointed as chief justice of the supreme court, which as somebody who had had his eyes on the legal system and on working a lawyer and wanting to be a judge again, he had been solicitor general. he had wanted to be on the supreme court. his entire political career. and so he ultimately makes his way onto the supreme court and i think is much there than he was as president. and what happened to eugene debs, the other candidate in that race? so, debs, who had already run for president a few times, would run for president. in 1920 when he ran in 1920. he was running from prison. and that's because he had come out against world war one. he was arrested violation of the sedition act. it was seen as kind of a kind of a political prisoner of sorts because he was he was jailed for his speech against the war. and ends up getting about the same number of votes, maybe a few more votes in the 1920 election when he's running as an inmate. did roosevelt ever have any thoughts of running aga

of taft. he also was in the mid stuff all of these political debates and discussions in europe that make him excited for new policies that, if he were president again he might be able to pursue. when he gets back to the united states, first of all he's graded with a hero's welcome. he's tremendously popular. both the grievance with taft and the excitement about these new ideas really begin to push them into thinking maybe this would be easier if i were just president again. that is what pushes him to running. >> how did americans react in 1912 to the idea of a former president running against a sitting president that he had helped with the job. >> for some instruct them as disloyal. other americans just loved teddy roosevelt. they liked having him as president. they thought he was an interesting and charismatic figure. he also drew a lot of support from americans who wanted to see him back in the white house. that kind of split reaction is something you will ultimately see play out in the camp

but taft was not ego driven. he really thought our democracy was at risk and that what he was doing was protecting our constitution. roosevelt, for a minute, he was well intended, but he came up with a little bit of wild ideas, like maybe the executive branch could overturn judiciary rulings. taft was just like, a slippery slope. not a direction you would want to go in. and like i said, he hated being president. that is why he was so large when he was president, he ate his feelings. we laughed, but he did. he really did love that position. he was really doing what he thought was best for the country. i think that is a real tool. but he wasn't the st. used a lot of quotes the teddy roosevelt had used for him in the initial election against him and a lot of his campaign work and things. so there was like one campaign ad i think the had a photo of teddy roosevelt that he was like this dictator thing he is owed a third term. under was a quote raving about taft and how he was the best man for the job from teddy roosev

but taft was not ego driven. he really thought that our democracy was at risk and that what he was doing was he was protecting our constitution because roosevelt for a minute came up with some i mean, he was well intentioned, but he came up with a little bit of wild ideas that like maybe the executive branch could overturn some judiciary and things into taft. that was just like a slippery slope, not in the direction that you would want to go in. so and like i said, he hated being president mean. that's why he was so large when he was in prison. he just feeling like he really did it. we laugh, but he did so he really didn't love that position. he was really doing what he thought was best for the country. and i think that is a real tool. but he also used he wasn't a saint like he's a lot of quotes that teddy roosevelt had used for him in the initial election against him in a lot of his campaign work and things. so there was like one campaign ad. i think that had a photo of teddy roosevelt and made it sound like bas

we have william howard taft. who comes to the presidency in 1908, as the hand-picked successor of teddy roosevelt. it is too bad. i think we can really have a time piling onto teddy roosevelt here. it is a little less than aboveboard. what would you call it? >> the tab can't catch a break within our own party. truly. what is really interesting is, someone getting thrown into the presidency. william howard taft, that could also be true for him. i would always say that he never really wanted to be president. he wanted to be a supreme court justice. he went on to hold that position. i also think that william howard taft was a great president. he wasn't a good politician. his aspirations waited greatly on his father. and my great mother, helen taft, she wanted him to be president. he did not want to be president. teddy roosevelt hadn't handed him the presidency, i would say, i don't think he would really aspire for that at all. he loved being a public servant. he did love the stress that came with it. in terms of our

taft refused. he says, i'm not doing it. i've been an isolationist all my life. i believe america should look inward, not outward. i would never say such a thing eisenhower had long been reluctant to enter the political fray. but with nato on the line and public support for his candidacy catching fire taft became president, it would be a blow to everything he has done to win world war ii, to build nato. >> so he's persuaded that to defend internationalism, to defend this new american order he must run for president cargo, become a the focal point, but the nation's eyes, as better as republican convention and 40 years gets underway tested convention followed. senator taft was hiding out a fierce battle against the new color daft was a formidable foe jurors by those who like but in the end, eisenhower emerged victorious winning the nomination. and then the presidency you have someone me to lead our great crusade or freedom in america and freedom in the world those words ushered in a new era transform

withdraw publicly from consideration for the nomination on one condition that taft endorse nato but taft refused. he says, i'm not doing it. i've been an isolationist all my life. i believe america should look inward, not outward. i would never say such a thing. >> eisenhower had long been reluctant to enter the political fray but with nato on the line and public support for his candidacy, catching fire taft became president, it would be a blow. >> everything he had done to win world war ii, to build nato. so he's persuaded that to defend internationalism, to defend this new american order, he must run for president cargo become the focal point for the nation's eyes are the highest veterans with polygon convention and body years gets underway a contested convention followed, senator taft was hiding out a fierce battle against the new color. daft was a formidable foe. >> jurors no to like it. >> but in the end, eisenhower emerged victorious, winning the nomination and then the presidency you have some in me to lead a great crusade or freedom in america and freedom in the world those words

taft was not really up too. dewey made an important campaign swing through ohio in late 1948 or late october of 1948. did not ask taft to be with him. which is a bit of a snob or a senator fromd ohio. he did not play a major role. not sure how clear how much of that was hisf decision. at least some of it was dewey's. >> host: professor busch is it to say he had an easier path than harry truman did on the democratic side? >> you know, ith don't think i would say that actually. because truman did not really have a significant opponent in the primaries. he had portions of it as a it ia party that were flaking off and running as third parties. but the nomination itself wound up being not as difficult as it might have been. some had hung around, probably half of the potential problem he had was not really from the other democrats. it was from other democratic candidates running against him in primaries. it was the prospect hanging over picture that disaffected democratsin might end up succeeding dwight d eisenhower.

robert taft's son, robert taft jr. followed in his father's footsteps in the united states senate representing ohio. robert taft iii served two terms as ohio's governor from 1999 to 2007 in the dayton daily news this week. governor taft wrote i have always run for office under the banner of the republican party and a conservative and usually vote a straight republican ticket. although still a republican, i will be making an exception this year in ohio's u.s. senate race. by supporting sherrod brown. leading off our discussion, two ohio native sons. ohio senator democrat sherrod brown running for his fourth term in the senate. member of the senate finance committee. also with him, martin sheen who campaigned with his friend sherrod brown today. great to see you both. martin, when you look at this candidate for senate who has served in the united states senate, what do you see and why do you want him reelected? >> i see one of my heros and i'm very proud to support him. and i see a man who stands on his beliefs. and he r

taft wasn't really asked to. in fact. dewey made an important campaign swing through ohio in the late in late 1948 and october of 1948. and did not ask have to be with him, which was a bit of a snub for the, you know, senator from from ohio. so he did not play a major role. but that was it's not totally clear how much of that was his decision, but clearly at least some of it was dewey's preference. professor bush, is it fair to say that thomas dewey had an easier path to the nomination than harry truman did on the democratic side. you know, i don't i don't think i would say that actually because truman didn't really have significant opponent in the primary. he had these portions of his party that were flaking off and running as third parties. but the nomination itself wound up being not not as difficult as it might have been. you know, if some of those folks who had hung around the. the the problem that he had or the potential problem that he had wasn't really the other democrats. it was from or like from other democratic

taft wasn't really asked to. in fact. dewey made an important campaign swing through ohio in the late in late 1948 and october of 1948. and did not ask have to be with him, which was a bit of a snub for the, you know, senator from from ohio. so he did not play a major role. but that was it's not totally clear how much of that was his decision, but clearly at least some of it was dewey's preference. professor bush, is it fair to say that thomas dewey had an easier path to the nomination than harry truman did on the democratic side. you know, i don't i don't think i would say that actually because truman didn't really have significant opponent in the primary. he had these portions of his party that were flaking off and running as third parties. but the nomination itself wound up being not not as difficult as it might have been. you know, if some of those folks who had hung around the. the the problem that he had or the potential problem that he had wasn't really the other democrats. it was from or like from other democratic

host: something that was noted is that the taft-hartley act was an option for president biden but he did not use it. remind us what that does and doesn't do. guest: the taft-hartley act allows the president in times of economic turmoil in certain limited circumstances, the ports being one of them, to essential blue -- essentially forcibly legally break a strike and force the workers back to work. that is not something unions like at all. typically any sort of resolution brokered or ordered by the government is going to help management because it erodes their economic leverage. there were warnings early on from afl-cio president and others warning him not to get involved. so the administrations involvement was kept pretty low-key for most of the deliberations because they really wanted to avoid any sort of perception that they were going to use taft-hartley and break the strike. that would have been a very difficult situation for president biden it probably would have had blowback on kamala harris as well. host: let's bring our audience into the conversation. joe is in maine and a mem

the shippers were just sitting there thinking now, you know, the president's going to have to do a taft- hartley, order these guys back to work at the docks so that we will not have to give them this raise. we can just continue negotiating and drag this out. but here we are. they've got a real success there for you the union. >> a big one and i think they underestimated -- i've read back you probably have beds that joe biden wrote in the 70s and 80s where he talks about raising the minimum wage. he talks about the rights of workers. this is kind of who he is in his very soul, so this is a moment perhaps to your point, he was a bit underestimated on that front which is quite used to. >> well, it looks like they got the job done. one october surprises over. >> one done, a few more to go. >> right, we will see. thank you, jen. >> have a great show, lawrence. >>> elizabeth lynn cheney, as it happens, was born in wisconsin. in 1966 when her parents were graduate students at the university of wisconsin, 112 years before that the republican party was born this was cut -- in wisconsin. liz chen

companies, they were hoping that president biden would feel the pressure of this and just order a taft-hartley return to work by that union to get through the election and you can imagine how the company's thought the president will have to do this because this will be so difficult for the harris campaign, but the president kept the administration pushing both sides to an agreement. at 5:30 you can imagine how this was at the white house. the white house chief of staff is on zoom. pete buttigieg and others in the administration, with both sides forcing them to get together and so both sides understood that it looks like the president was not ready to intervene on this, so they better figure something out and they did. >> i mean, no one should underestimate, as you have said many times, president biden's love for union workers and standing up for workers. it is a victory for them, but also the administration. this was resolving it quite quickly. you know well how government works. this was a quick resolution. an impact on the supply chain would have been a big, challenging october surprise. >>

they have the taft hartley act from 1947. they could have put that in place and said 80 days cooling off. that would have gotten us just beyond the election. that takes us into the new year. you have to want to bring it to or halt or what not to. what the is strategy behind not doing what you need to do. he is responsible, biden and harris and this administration, for the inflation that has the dock workers hurting. they have bills to pay food. expensive food. no wonder they want a raise. >> yeah, that's exactly right. they are offering a 50% raise, i don't think most americans would appreciate that isn't good enough. you know what? we need to automate our ports. i've been in south korea and shanghai and all over the world looking at port security. you are supposed to inspect 100% of the cargo. they do less than 2%. that's what our federal government is doing and wonder how we get fentanyl into this country and other things. we have one of the most arcane port systems in the world. we have to automate just to keep up. we have

>> brian: he took taft hartley off the table.ally gave the union workers a little bit more leverage. that tactically has never a great move. the thing is, if there is any time in which a union strike is hurting the country, outside the air traffic controllers, it's got to be there. you can't get anything. >> particularly ba thans. lauren, while you are still in the studio. >> brian: bananas? >> brown ban chocolate, cherries, a lot of things are affected. >> steve: talk about ships didn't make it into port. now they are sitting at sea. that means they can't offload. if they can't go anywhere, they are just stuck there and this is going to impact the supply chain if it goes more than a couple weeks. >> it's inflationary, guys. you are going to have your halloween stuff. you're going to have your christmas stuff because of precautionary measures. the retailers and shipment companies brought that all. in it's the future. but i'm also thinking of the vp debate tonight. five weeks before the election they can talk about the economy and

the white house has said he would not invoke taft hartley act. that act allows the president to order an 80-day cooling off period. that gets us way beyond the christmas holidays and into the new year for a fresh look at what the union and the corporations are fighting about. that would avert a strike at this point. the white house, well, playing dodge ball, you know how it goes. let's watch. >> at what point would the president be willing to intervene. how long would he allow it to go on and at what cost? >> i'm not going to get into hypotheticals. i won't get into hypotheticals. we believe collective bargaining is important here. we believe both sides should come to the table in good faith and get to a fair agreement. >> harris: i thought she said she wasn't going to go into detail. grady trimble is at the port of baltimore. one of the many we depend so much on, grady. >> harris, just to set the scene for you today. there are around 2400 members at this particular port. you can see a group of them on the picket lines in the rain. not deterred a

workers i think she is trying to get them back why joe biden won't get involved he couldn't ebb invoke taft-hartley act for 80-day reprieve done 37 times in 80 years or so in place so not just a radical move to do but really shows the democratic party kamala harris sees this raceing losing union voters losing voters big time desperate to try to get them back . >> teamsters decided not to above the account 60% or so i don't have number supported trump 40% supported kamala harris there has been a big swing within the union workers over the course of last -- >> i'm wondering if why joe biden and kamala harris keep saying collective bargaining this and that's not getting involved they know they've lost their vote, union -- desperate to get that vote back, union works. >> i am voting for kamala harris not a single record silence yelling for lawyer liz peek wrote biden's embrace could be biggest mistake not heing intervention he is increasing odds of economic downturn more inflation a hit to harris' political prospects, liz great piecing i also want your commencement on what we just saw i asked jeff floc

i don't believe in taft- hartley. >> then on tuesday after the strike started. >> this is incrediblythe last thing we need on top of that is a man-made disaster. there are basically six owners that control the ports and they've made incredible profits since the pandemic, and the owners are making tens of millions of dollars. the last thing they need is to profit on this. [ inaudible ] >> while the u.s. chamber of commerce among others was demanding the president you the antiunion taft-hartley act to force the dockworkers back, president biden flipped the script. the owners could make the choice to end the strike and help the country. the owners have plenty and don't need to be greedy, especially during the recovery from a natural disaster. joining us now is white house national economic adviser directly involved in these negotiations. thank you for being here. congratulations on getting this done. it looks like a success, at least for a time, but how serious could this have been? >> i think this could've been very, very serious. that is why the president was so definitive about telli

and contractors and the national retail federation, biden for his part has said he will not use the taft hartley act. and instead he encouraged companies to make a fair offer. the u.s. maritime aalliance represents the employers here and they are encouraging the union to respond to their latest offer that they had extended just before the strike started. they had this to say yesterday, quote, our current offer of a nearly 50% wage increase exceeds every other recent union settlement while addressing inflation and recognizing the international long shoremen association's hard work to keep the global economy running. i had a chance to speak to the union's president yesterday, he saisaid he wants $5 an hour wage hike across the board, comes to roughly a 77% wage increase. he he says he wants that just to get back to the negotiating table. they're very fired up for what is day two, holding signs that says a automation hurts families. we'll be on this all day, maria. maria: lydia, i don't know how much that automation argument is going to work. lydia, thank you so much. adam, let's talk about

. >> white houses president biden will not invoke the taft hartley act. steve, if you go up to negotiation saying you are repres representing the working man and woman, hard to roll up in a bentley. >> steve: how does he make that much money? o overtime? >> todd: pounding pavement on strikes. the rank and file make certain amount and people who lead unions, teachers or dock worker would yo unions making out handily. >> ainsley: if they get 80% pay raises, he'll be a millionaire. >> todd: two bentleys. >> lawrence: you know me, i love fashion and good gold chain, not relatable to people, going on strike and you are not making enough money and to roll up like that and allegations of mob ties. doesn't play well with american people because food is spoiling on ships because you are not doing your job. >> brian: you cannot say no automation, i don't think it is practical. maybe there is a compromise where certain personnel but we'll lose to other countries m. europe will be more productive and more efficient in china. >> ainsley: study the ports in california,

so for the first time since edith taft's dress was given to the smithsonian, we collected masks. do you have all the first lady's gowns? we do. since. since taft. but we do something from each first lady starting, of course, with martha washington. they're not all in display because we don't have the room, but they are in the collection. how many things are on display in the building on the mall in washington, and how many things are not on display? excellent question. and it's it's a slightly tricky one to answer. the general symptom rule is, of the two plus million objects we exhibit, roughly 3 to 4%. so what's essential about that is a radical digitization effort, which for undertaking now we to get as many of those objects not all. and you wouldn't want all of them online, but you want a big bulk of them. so we're working to get at least about. 1000000 to 2000005 objects online and also to make sure that so those are the most accessible we can't get. those can go all around the world, but also to make sure that scholars and researchers know that what we have and and that we w

to undermine it by using mechanisms like taft-hartley, but you heard the president very clearly stating at the outset, we are going to support the collective bargaining process and the president, vice president, consistent strong supporters of the power of collective bargaining, so what he directed us to do was work with both parties to get them back to the table. they had not been talking for months. the last time an offer had been put on the table was in the middle of 2023, so we knew that we have to figure out a way to find mechanisms to enable the collective bargaining process, which is so important for workers to get back underway and that is what we set out to do. >> we've seen a number of examples of strikes or about to be strikes, like with the teamsters or the uaw strike where the president went out. we've seen examples of a lot of distance between what the union ask is and what the owners are prepared to do and we have seen resolutions through collective bargaining. this is not over. this is on hold until january. what happens between now and then and what level of involvement

i one of my first friends in indiana, her name was joanna taft. she came up to me after church one day and said hi, i'm joanna taft. would you like to work with us time. and i never heard the word port she used as a verb before. but i was curious and we went to her home that day and i realized is that joanna is staging a quiet revolution against. our atomized, divided and alienated status quo from the vantage point of her great front veranda, she created people across politics, across geography, race, just to inhabit a shared space and that is radical in our deeply divided and deeply siloed moment and as i wrote this book, i realized there are people across the country hundreds, thousands, the same thing they're saying, i can't. who is going to win in 2024? i can't control what's happening down down the road city hall, but i can control myself. and i'm going to choose to make my sphere of influence a better and beautiful place. the book is called the soul of civility timely principles to heal society and ourselves. the author alexandrait's and ons

the next attorney general that took over with taft coming into office gave us the name the bureau of investigation. we kept that for a number of si decades. >> when did it become fbi? >> fiscal year 1935. at that time we were called the division of investigation but there are a number of those in the government. hoover wanted a unique identifier to separate with the bureau was doing. >> how fast was the growth beginning in 1908. j edgar joined the fbi in 1924. >> he joined the doj in 17. he joined the bureau probably about 20, 21.bureau around 1920, 1921. he was the head of something called the radical division or the mexican intelligence group of the doj and it quickly got integrated into the bureau. he came over with it. he became an assistant director. he was in charge until 1924 when he was put in. >> numbers wise, pretty small. the height of the dillinger days, we had about 650 people. by the start of world war ii, we were up about the thousands. we have about 38,000. about one third of us are special agent's. a couple of us are intelligence analysts and the rest fill any number

montana was one of the biggest spokespeople opposing fdr's policies of pro-life relation is in robert taft and many of you know hamilton to third representative this district right here. he was fdr's congressman and let's just say they each other. with a passion that goes back many years. so many wanted lindbergh to be the candidate opposing roosevelt in 1940 election. lindbergh didn't want to hold public office. he wanted to maintain his independence and even the isolationist groups wanted to drag him and he said no i will speak my truth but i don't want to be entangled in that. the republicans nominated wendell willkie a former democrat with boyish good looks and unruly. he opposed fdr's new deal policy and he was a very serious contender for the gallup poll showed willkie and roosevelt were a close race 51 for roosevelt and 49 for willkie which is within the marginin of error so was a tight race. that summer of 1940 he was a time for winston churchill. germany was bombing london and englund every day. there were setbacks for the british army inth north and u. votes were sinking cargo sh

the next attorney general george who took over with taft coming into office gave us the name the bureau of investigation and we kept that for number of decades at that point. >> when did it become fbi, federal bureau of investigation? >> with the start of fiscal year 1935. so, congress had authorized this to basically use the name. at the time we were called the division of investigation but there were a number of those in the government and hoover wanted a more unique identifier just to separate what the bureau was doing since it was so broad compared to the others. >> how fast was the growth beginning in 1908, j edgar joined the fbi in 1924, i believe. >> actually, he joined the doj in '17. he joined the bureau, probably around p 20, '21. he was the head of something called the radical division. it was the intelligence group for doj and it quickly got integrated into the bureau. he came over with it and became an assistant director. number two in charge until '24 when he was put in. >> so, the growth, you started with 34 special detectives. >> numbers wise, pretty small. the height of

the president could pursue action known as taft-hartley, which would basically say that the longshoremen need to go back to work for what's known as an 80 day cooling off period. that doesn't sort of provide a solution and to this labor dispute, you still theoretically after that 80 day period, would have to have these guys during that election. >> it's not 80 days away, 100% election is 33 days away time he is squeezed, right? >> i mean, this takes to really competing pressures the president said that he will not pursue taft-hartley and when i talked to white house officials and democrats, one thing that's on the mind of them as also the crucial labor support unions in three crucial battleground states, wisconsin, pennsylvania, michigan. you can't alienate those folks, which you would probably do by pursuing intervention like that. at the same time, if this goes on for a couple of weeks, you may have also returned to what has been a political vulnerability for this white house. now for recent years that being inflation and rising prices, think given what we're seeing in florida, in nort

they passed taft-hartley all those decades ago and past presidents have not been reticent to use it because understand the problem of that monopoly power and risks to the economy. it's remarkable that president biden refused to say he would use it. he completely took it off of the table the table, very much increasing the leverage those dockworkers had in their strong position. paul: we've seen a lot of labor actions. boeing workers on strike, stellantis workers may go on strike. john deere workers got a big increase. what is causing this? is it the inflation? or is it the impetus the biden administration has given them to say push push push? >> let me say i think you would make a superb crane operator. it would be great. no question president biden has contributed by encouraging it. it was driven in large part, in part by inflation which eroded wages and a lot of these unions think they should be getting that back and president biden himself was responsible for a lot of this. difficult for him to talk about the causes of these wage demands. let's not delude ourselves, 62% increase for the

she is not focused on it the commerce secretary, manufactureers calling on president biden invoke taft-hartley act stop the strike here is what he said monday, watch. >> -- in intervene in dockworkers strike if they strike on tuesday. >> no. >> why not? >> because it is collective bargaining i don't believe in -- >> is not going to do intervene eric, reaction. >> looks like the administration, is completely out to lunch they've been out the lunch on economy since the beginning of the administration. you know one of the big points union threatened to strike administration said from the beginning president said he would not intervene gave the union a green light to go ahead, and so with a we've seen they've been away from bargaining tabling three months won't talk to u.s. mx don't want a deal a premeditated attack on american economy starting to carry it out the fact president not intervened is a mistake so i joined 200 other trade associations ceos representing the entire economy, calling on president to invoke taft-hartley get involved get our ports back in order. maria: look. this administrat

under the i947 taft—hartley act, president biden has the authority to order striking dock workers backrk but the current administration has said it would not intervene and encourages all parties to keep negotiating in good faith. the chairman of the federal reserve has dampened hopes of another big rate cut. jerome powell was speaking in tennessee and added that the central bank was not in a hurry to cut rates. the three majoy us stock indexes saw price falls during the speech. they recovered though, posting gains when markets closed. not much reaction to those remarks here in asia. but markets are watching japan's tankan survey. it is a measure of business optimism among large domestic companies, and it has come in largely unchanged compared with the previous quarter. all this as shigeru ishiba is due to be sworn in as the new prime minister. business reporter mariko oi looks at what the leadership transition means for japan's economiy. it is fairto it is fair to say that markets are not too thrilled about shigeru ishiba. big businesses i think are waiting to find out how exactly he w