. >> narrator: the arab spring surged out of tunisia into tahrir square and on to tripoli., these mass demonstrations overthrowing powerful dictators must have been worrying. >> it was the first stage of his coming to understanding that he could never quit the post, because the destiny of gaddafi could be waiting for him. >> narrator: in 2011, when vladimir putin announced he would run again for russia's presidency, the response was mass demonstrations in moscow's streets, protests which had to be put down by police. >> there's never been a good succession model in the soviet union or in russia, and he's very worried about how he will leave power. he doesn't want to leave in a coffin, he doesn't want to go to a jail cell. he's got so many guilty secrets, so much money's been stolen, and so many people have been killed that he doesn't really trust anyone to keep him safe if he steps down from power. so in a way, he's both the master of the kremlin but also a prisoner in it. (russian national anthem playing) >> narrator: in 2012, putin moved medvedev aside and took back the p