tanf, even with tanf, we did see pressure in a lot of states, saw pressure there. the block grants, you know, there was sort of a combination of maybe carryover from some of the good years before the recession to help meet that need, but it wasn't enough. you know, that's the theory behind the block grants that are all evened out. and we certainly took full advantage of the contingency funding available. we were able to let the caseload grow to where it needed to go, and now it's coming back down. so tanf could behave as a countercyclical program, and to me, that's the danger when you block grant. >> good morning. this -- my name is john with talk radio news service. ms. sprague, you mentioned earlier ohio had high incidence of some errors and that the usda stepped in and, essentially, fixed the situation with regard to people's cases and what not. i'm wondering, is there any kind of political will or any kind of plan for some kind of appeal for cases on a federal level? i know that for families and individuals who are of low income, um, if they basically, you know

so probably 20 percent of the people that we're serving in tanf have substance abuse problems and a similar type for the homeless programs. but, when they have both substance abuse and poverty issues, their problems are much, much higher and really need a much more concentrated effort. yeah, for them to get help. and, neli, for, for individuals who are dealing with substance use disorder, let's take them first. what do they present as they come into the marketplace? the underlying issue of drug and alcohol addiction is the underlying issue. the real barrier as to employment are some of the criminal justice backgrounds that people have established along the way that prevent them from getting a job: their financial history, the fact that they may be homeless and don't have a base to operate from, the fact that they might have children in tow. and, you know, education can be a barrier, if, you know, there's a very high likelihood of drug and alcohol addiction and failure to complete a formal education. so the barriers, basically, just go on and on, with the underlying issue being drug and alco

and, and we will deputize other case managers in the city to be our tanf or our homeless case manager as long as they can continue to help the people along the road both to recovery and to self-sufficiency, and they can tap directly into our services and supports so that they can have help with housing, have help with education, have help with getting a job. but maybe they're bringing their expertise from substance abuse or mental health and the final element is the family or the individual chooses who their primary case manager is going to be and then we all support both that family and that primary case manager. excellent. and, peggy, in, in terms of, you see the whole realm of it. you were just saying that earlier, during the break, that you deal not only with the individual but with the family. and what things are the most successful, in your view, in terms of retention of good employees? because, you know, as, as we were noting before, individuals that are in recovery, or individuals that have a problem, that need to go to treatment, are individuals that are, i suspect, very valu

the tanf bill included a provision that allowed some tanf funding to be transferred to ccpg. it was absolutely clear in that debate that most of the low-income women expected to work were not going going to earn enough to pay for childcare. this is still true. the battle over quality was eliminated. the governors leading the welfare discussion and many republicans in in the house wanted to completely eliminate the minimum standards in the quality set aside. after a long fight we wanted bipartisan support. maintain both that we lost the requirement in the market rate. there was no meaningful discussion of improvement over those two years. with these new funds in additional funding later in the clinton administration states made improvements between 1996 and 2001. they raise rates for providers and some guaranteed childcare assistance for low income mothers whether they were on welfare are not. they help childcare teachers go back to school. some hired new licensing and then the funds began to stagnate or go only one out of six children eligible for childcare assistance now rec

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