mikhail kutuzov and many others commanders of the battle on the borodino field at tarutin maloyaroslavets thwarted the plans of the invaders, russia completely liberated napoleon's army almost completely destroyed, and hostilities moved to europe in french historiography - this war is called the russian company of 1812, on june 24, 1893 one of the most famous arctic expeditions began it was headed by the famous norwegian polar explorer frittuff nansen, he came up with a new sensational research method in freezing. ship of special design in pack ice and drift in the arctic ocean. the ship named the temple in norwegian. this forward route was laid through the barents and kara seas, bypassing the taimyr peninsula and cape chelyuskin, when the temple was frozen into the nansen ice together. with a friend went to the pole on a dog sled. they reached 86 ° north latitude and during the 3 years of the expedition did not lose a single person. it was a 19th century fusikspe record. and they proved that there is no continent or archipelago in the region of the pole, as nasa research was then conside