welcome to mtv music television.'s first 24-hour stereo video music channel. >> music television, what a concept. mtv was, pow, in your face. you were not going to turn us off. >> mtv did nothing but play current music videos all day long. so let me get this straight. you turn on the tv, and it's like the radio? >> i'm martha quinn. >> music will continue nonstop on mtv music television's newest component of your stereo system. >> when mtv launched a generation was launched. 18 to 24-year-olds were saying, i want my mtv. i want my mtv videos. i want my mtv fashion. >> yo. >> mtv was the first network really focused on the youth market. and becomes hugely influential because they understand each other. the audience and the network. >> mtv had a giant impact. visually and musically on every part of the tv culture that came next. >> freeze, miami vice. ♪ >> friday nights on nbc are different this season thanks to "miami vice." it's a show with an old theme but a lot of new twists. described by one critic as containing f

that may be the best night of television in all of television history. >> mary tyler moore was a singlecer on a nightly tv show. >> you know what? you've got spunk. >> yeah. >> i hate spunk! >> there were a lot of young women entering the workplace then. and for some of them, mary tyler moore was like a port of entry. >> i'm doing as good a job as he did. >> better. >> better! and i'm being paid less than he was because -- >> you're a woman. >> the television female could be a hero. she could be the main event. >> rita. all right. >> out loud! >> the first script written by allen burns and jim brooks had mary coming to minneapolis divorced. and very quickly cbs says, no, no, no, no, no. >> at the beginning of the decade, divorce was considered somewhat scandalous. >> she went on dates with a lot of guys. >> but the guys were really important. >> we seem to be hitting it off. and i just thought -- >> you just thought? >> she's not obsessed with finding a husband. >> don't forget to take your pill. >> i won't. >> i won't. >> this was about people coping with one another. and the workplace

television program.cs said it transcends in popularity every other american statement about war. something happened today to hospital 4077. that will touch millions of americans. it was the kind of event that would grab the world's breath. the end of the korean war. the television version "m.a.s.h." >> it's been an honor and privilege to have worked with you. i'm very, very proud to have known you. >> there were those landmark times when shows that had been watched through the '70s and into the '80s, like "m.a.s.h." had its final episode. and we were all sad to see them go. >> i'll miss you. >> i'll miss you. a lot. >> all over the country, armies of fans crowded around television sets to watch the final episode and to bid "m.a.s.h." farewell. >> the iffinale of "m.a.s.h." was unprecedented. 123 million people watched one television program at the same time. >> i really should be allowed to go home. there's nothing wrong with me. >> when we ended the show, we got telegrams of congratulations from henry k

there is, actually, no show on broadcast television, no series on broadcast television today that is rated appropriate for anything older than children. tv-14 is the oldest rating. even the most explicit content on prime time broadcast tv is rated as appropriate for children to watch. we learned that the tv networks themselves rate the shows, and we've learned that the tv advertisers who pay the bills for the networks rely on the ratings just like parents do. and so there's a conflict of interest in terms of rating content accurately. a lot of advertisers won't sponsor mature audience only content, therefore, the tv networks don't rate anything as appropriate for mature audiences, and the system is incapable of doing as it was intended. >> host: so you're acing that the ratings -- saying that the networks that the ratings give their -- the ratings that the networks give their shows are inaccurate? >> guest: they're inconsistent. and there's no transparency for parents to understand what those ratings mean. if they're concerned about the accuracy of a ratings system, who are they coco

there is actually no show on broadcast television, no series on broadcast television today that is rated appropriately for anything older than children. tv 14 is the oldest rating. explicit content on primetime broadcast tv is rated as appropriate for children to watch. we learn that the tv networks the shows.rate just\ there is a competent interest. in terms of writing content accurately. , therefore the tv number -- networks don't write anything of an appropriate -- inappropriate. >> you are saying that the ratings that the networks give their shares are inaccurate? -- their shows are inaccurate? >> not always, but a lot of the times. they are inconsistent. there is no transparency for parents to understand that there's ratings mean. if they are concerned about the accuracy of a rating system, who do they complain to? an oversighte is managing board here in washington comprised of the very same tv network executives rate the programs run to begin with. that doesn't look like oversight to me. >> let's bring david shepperton into this conversation. he is a reporter. you mention that ther

there is actually no show on broadcast television, no series on brought us television today that is a for children to watch. we have learned that the tv advertisers who pay the bills for the networks rely on the ratings just like parents do so they have an interest in terms of raiding content accurately. advertisers want to sponsor mature only audience and the system is incapable of doing as it was intended. >> host: you are saying that the ratings of the networks give their shows are inaccurate? >> guest: not always what a lot of the times. they are inaccurate and inconsistent and there is no transparency for parents to understand what those ratings mean. if they are concerned about the accuracy of a rating system to did they complain to? there is an oversight monitoring board in washington comprised of the very same tv executives who rate the programs run to begin with. that doesn't look like oversight to me. >> host: let's bring david shepardson and it is conversation a reporter for thompson reuters. >> guest: you mentioned as a been a g-rated program and trying -- prime-time since

i want to buy television sets here. i want to buy. i buy thousands of television sets here. i have a lot of different projects, as you probably have heard. i buy thousands of sets. i cannot buy a television set in this country. >> if you want other companies to make their products in america, shouldn't you make your products in america? >> they don't make a lot of the products. >> shouldn't you lead by example? >> george, i told you. they don't make this stuff here.

when he was on television, he was morley safer.nd his intellect and his humor all came through. and people saw that. >> kroft: especially the humor. morley likes to laugh. and america laughed with him. >> heel. >> kroft: he profiled barbara woodhouse, the famous and slightly dotty british dog trainer. >> barbara woodhouse: left hand in front, mrs. field. >> safer: she had the voice of an angry regimental sergeant major. >> halt! >> mary: she would say "it's time for walkies! " >> woodhouse: walkies! walkies! >> safer: the dogs would just snap to attention. >> woodhouse: that was excellent. >> ms. piggy: is your wife here? >> safer: no, she's not. >> ms. piggy: great. >> kroft: interviewing the muppets, he was hit on by that femme fatale, miss piggy. >> ms. piggy: morley, could i see you later? thank you. >> safer: i must say, she's a fascinating woman. she can be very, very aggressive but very sexy at the same time. >> ms. piggy: i thought "60 minutes" was a high class show. >> kroft: morley was at his best working with producer jo

i would not have put him on international television. he was a combative, very strong-world southerner. and they decided to put him on tv for whatever reason. he was asked a series of questions. he had spent the past two weeks getting worked over by his interrogators so that he would know when those questions came in the interview and he was supposed to give the answers they wanted him to give. he was supposed to support the north vietnamese point of view. in the interview, the japanese journalist asked him what he thought of the war. and he knew that, if he answered incorrectly, he was going to catch a lot of grief and go through a lot of pain after the interview. he also knew his family at home was watching. and he had his own sense of honor, so he was not going to say what the north vietnamese wanted him to say. so he supported his government and stood by america in that interview. i think don't realize how much bravery that took for him that. in that situation, he was 7000 miles away, unsure if he was everyone to see his family again

senate on television beginning thursday on c-span. and to see more of our 30 years of coverage on the senate, go to c-span.org. washington journal is next with items in the news and your phone calls. later this morning, a look at u.s. policy in the asia-pacific region. that is live from the woodrow wilson center. foundatione heritage and the relationship between worker pay, productivity, and the economy. after that, former israeli military officials take part in a conversation regarding the palestinian conflict. live at 1:30 p.m. eastern. this hour, whether nutrition labels make a difference in changing people's eating habits. served inlliams, who the fda, will join us. then, a conversation with writer jack hit on his recent smithsonian magazine article about the future of flying cars. later, former new mexico governor gary johnson who secured the libertarian nomination will talk about the 2016 race. a reminder, you can join the conversation on phase book and twitter. -- on facebook ♪ host: this is the "washington ." hillary clinton i

when he was on television, he was morley safer. >> right here. >> and his interest and his intellectr -- >> i will cut off your mike, sir. shut up! shut up, safer. >> all came through. and people saw that. >> reporter: especially the humor. morley likes to laugh. and america laughed with him. >> heel. >> reporter: he profiled barbara woodhouse, the famous and slightly dotty british dog trainer. >> left hand in front, mrs. field. >> she had the voice -- >> why are you touching her back? >> -- of an angry regimental sergeant major. >> halt. sit when i say halt. >> she would say it's time for walkies. >> walkies. >> walkies. >> reporter: the dogs would just snap to attention. >> that was excellent. >> is your wife here? >> no, she's not. >> great. >> reporter: while interviewing the muppets he was hit on by that femme fatale, miss piggy. >> morley. >> yes. >> could i see you later? >> of course. >> thank you. >> i must say she's a fascinating woman. she can be very, very aggressive. but very sexy at the same time. >> i thought "60 minutes" was a high-class show. >> reporter: morley was

iphone, all the television they watch. >> yeah. there is no question that there is an increasing interest in and reliance on devices that are not in the big living room and anchored. it will be interesting to see when those younger people start to have families whether their behavior changes a bit. >> rose: what are we waiting for in television? what is the great thing that somehow is going to transform, beyond everything we talked about in this conversation? >> hmm... that's a big question. i have the privilege of asking myself that question and saying that it's professionally something that i should require myself to answer, but it's as much fanciful as it is serious, and i think there is, as with many things, probably not one answer. >> rose: yeah. will be evolutionary rather than revolutionary? >> i think it will but to me the most interesting way to respond is when technology changes, when things happen and you get a little machine and a little screen and channel capacity that allows you to watch or get 400 channels when there

with lyrics to reaffirm a hopelessness. >> humor's one of the hardest things to do on television.ubtle way morley accomplished it on a regular basis. >> could it be the true secret of happiness is a swift kick in the pants. >> reporter: he's always had humor, authenticity and a sharp eye for the absurd. >> to the outsider thaez shows are another planet, part dazzling, part rocky horror show. models who seem as angry as they are emaciated, wearing clothes fit for a cadaver. >> reporter: but morley insists there's one element above all that's crucial for television. >> the impact is what you're saying, not so much what they're seeing. >> reporter: in other words, the writing. up until fairly recently, he did it the old-fashioned way, on a royal instead of an apple. turning out scripts that were rich in el gansz a >> he stares down from the podium like some benevolent bird of prey, eyes staring past that great beak. >> reporter: his writing is very much like music, whether he's profiling a man of music, conductor michael tilson thomas, or a man of the cloth. >> timothy dolan is hard

or 15 times more watching television content than on youtube.hen the narrative changes. >> nbc focusing up front on the power of live events including the olympics and upcoming live musical "hairspray" plus historical strength in comedy. cbs is remaking macgyver and fox bringing back prison break and 24. fox with tales from the crypt and show time with twin peaks, familiar names to break through the clutter. to make it more appealing, tv giants are adapting to consumer demand by offering more content on demand with fewer ads. >> by producing the ad load, the sheer amount of ads but by making them more relevant and increasingly every day we get more sophisticated and we can actually demonstrate to advertise rs and marketers. >> cutting down on advertising time. to make sure ad dollars pay off for marketers. i'm julia borsten in los angeles. >> julia just reported on nbc universal, the parent company of cnbc which produces this program. >> applied materials sees new orders surge. that's where we begin tonight's focus. the maker of manufacturing to

i think, i hear the figure of 60% being bandied about, over 60% of over the air television, network television, has been lost. it is probably more than that. so you know, the competition is extraordinary, but on big days, important pieces -- there is a piece on, recently, as you know, about the operation to get osama bin laden. we got a huge audience for that. and i think people do turn to us in great numbers when -- in the history-making moments, certainly. brian: may ask you a journalism question? those who watched it saw a reference to the man who wrote the book, mark owen, but everybody else in the country knew his name was bissonette? morley safer: i think that probably we consciously stayed with the original rules. engagement in terms of putting this piece on the air. i don't know the precise details. i think it is actually not -- that is a very seemly thing to do. brian: one thing i noticed the last four years -- i have never seen you do this in the history of "60 minutes." will of "60 minutes." my last count, you had 12 interviews with the president, mr. obama, since he got involved. i

senate on television beginning thursday on c-span.to see more of our 30 years of coverage to come to c-span.org. this morning washington examiner james antle looks at the possible contact of this weekend's libertarian party convention and what it could do to the presidential election. r atel serwer, professo johns hopkins has used on the fighting in iraq and afghanistan. and the hill environment reporter timothy cama talks about the passage of the chemical safety act, the first overhaul of the safety standards in four decades. as always we will take your calls and begin joining the conversation on facebook and twitter. washington journal is next. host: good morning. topping the headlines, president obama's historic trip to japan. in a speech yesterday marking the first time a president visited the site of the attack, president obama rumored those who died a call for a change in the international mindset about war. he made clear he was not offering an apology. the end of may means college graduation ceremonies are taking place. many dr

television. let's get to first word news. futures contract fell by the most in two weeks after federal reserve chair janet yellen said friday that an interest rate increases likely in the coming months. japanese shares rose while the shanghai composite closed flat. treasury bills, notes, and bonds closed worldwide today. lowyen sank to a more month versus the dollar, and japanese saw the highest close in may after an aide to prime minister shinzo abe said a tax increase next year will probably be delayed. euro area economic confidence rose for the second straight months in may, beating estimates. the highest level in four months. boosted bywas strengthening consumer sentiment and improvements in the retail and construction sector. greece's gdp contracted by 4.5% since the prettiest quarter. economic data for the country shows that quarterly exports fell since the previous quarter. economic data showed -- markets are closed in the u.s. and the u.k. today for the and spring bank respectively. the d

those words on television, dwight eisenhower was president. >> it all began when an officer -- >> reporter: morley and television news grew up together. >> the question remains, are the american people prepared to lose more and more young men in vietnam? >> the revolution, the original chinese revolution -- >> reporter: across the continents and across the years he covered a huge range of stories. >> last night -- >> reporter: for some his slightly old-fashioned name took some getting used to. >> okay. what's his name? morley safer. right. got it. >> my name is morley safer. >> reporter: but eventually -- >> i'm morley safer. >> reporter: it became a household name. >> i'm morley safer. >> i'm morley safer. >> i'm morley safer. >> morley safer? >> yes. himself. >> how are you? >> very well. >> hi, morley. >> hi, morley. how are you? >> reporter: everybody wanted to meet morley. well -- >> oh! >> reporter: almost everybody. >> in a sense what you're saying is that -- >> reporter: in a business that's fast moving and sometimes cutthroat, he survived and

anybody that you watched on television that helped you get

i think, i hear the figure of 60% being bandied about, over 60% of over the air television, network television, has been lost. it is probably more than that. so you know the competition is extraordinary, but on big days , important pieces -- there is a piece on, recently as you know, , about the operation to get osama bin laden. we got a huge audience for that. and i think people do turn to us in great numbers when -- in the history-making moments, certainly. brian: may ask you a journalism question? those who watched it saw a reference to the man who wrote the book, mark owen but , everybody else in the country knew his name was bissonette? morley safer: i think that probably we consciously stayed with the original rules. engagement in terms of putting this piece on the air. i don't know the precise details. --hink it is actually not that is a very seemly thing to do. brian: one thing i noticed the last four years -- i have never seen you do this in the history of "60 minutes," my last count, you had 12 interviews with the president, mr. obama, since he got involved. i cannot remember you eve

this was an era before cable television. we had the big three, abc, nbc and cbs, and if it didn't come on the evening news, most americans didn't watch it. that's not true today when we have c-span which broadcasts senate and house proceedings live and we have the live broadcast of most senate committee hearings. i think today if you tried to organize a committee hearing like this one, a committee investigation like this one, you may not be -- the members sitting here might not be speaking to a packed audience because the journalists would be able to watch from the comfort of their own desks sitting in front of their laptops the live broadcast. and in that case it takes some of the specialness out of the process. it's harder to get a large audience for committee hearings these days. >> you're interested and enthusiastic about the church committee hearings, but why should a general audience or americans care what happened in this room 40 years ago? >> i think it's important because it reminds us that the issues that we face t

that was the first time i was ever invited on television. it was four days after our first broadcast february 19, 1996. it was really remarkable but in a sense, the mission hasn't changed. that was 20 years ago nine stations. now we're broadcasting in over 1400 not only community radio stations but public radio stations, npr stations on public access tv stations around the country on pbs tv stations around the country and also all over the world. we broadcast on television and radio in sweden and japan and south africa throughout latin america. our headlines are translated into spanish for the spanish speaking u.s. audience as well as people around the planet. i think the growth from nine station to 1400, it's a testament to the hunger for independent voices. people on the ground who are deeply involved in their community, not having the pundits on describing experiences they often don't know about but people themselves. that's just plain old hard work. i want to just pay tribute to all the remarkable producers and journalists and videograph

but only a portion of those were before television cameras. what was the strategy regarding television on the hearings? mr. schwarz: well, the first choice we made, obviously, the committee made its own discussions on the start about what would be confidential, but the first decision that was made was when we investigated the plots to assassinate foreign leaders like fidel castro and other people, there was a discussion about whether those hearings should be public or not. and actually, howard baker, who was a very effective member of the committee, push for public hearings and frank church said, no, i think we are wiser not to have public hearings, these will be our first hearings and you don't want to inadvertently put out stuff that should be kept confidential. we should put it all in our report on assassinations, which we did. it was the most exhaustive coverage of covert actions. then when we got to domestic hearings, those were all public. the fbi was the subject of most of those domestic hearings and i think most of our important work w

you are quoted as saying people and television are all in one business television are all in one sense competitors. they are all interested in some of the material we are. they are all direct competitors, they are all competitive to a degree in so much they might have a show we would want on. are they drafting off the same economic opportunities, no, they are all different. what did netflix accomplish, other than a subscription model as a genuine revenue contributed? josh: that is primarily what they accomplished. the way they got there was interesting. i do think that is interesting they deserve full credit for having, not only done that, and designed it, and implemented it. but done it with an interest. when "house of cards" which became their signature and "orange is the new black" which were defining. i do think they develop material that was important. they took advantage of the technology. charlie: they got everyone's attention it was announced they would spend $100 million on a original production. "house of cards." josh: there is material and all of the services and channels th

but he goes into television performances like, say, a television anchor.knows how to play television. and that's an unpredictable moment. before we get there -- again they're going to be so widely watch. i do think his vice presidential selection and convention will be critical. the bravado of the trump folks who say just let trump be trump and that will be fine. but he needs to show people a presidential side. today's going to be a great example. an opportunity for him now as the presumptive nominee in a numeric way like he's never been to try to continue to reassure people. he will be for change. but he does need to meet a threshold which the clinton people are going to fight to keep him from getting to of acceptabili acceptability, dealing with heads of state. she has that credential, even for many who don't like her and don't plan to vote for her. today is a moment along the way where he can start to try to reassure people, he will be trump, by we will also be somebody who can be acceptable as commander in chief. >> thanks. you bring us nicely into ben

>> it is back, particularly on television.most exposed to national television advertising and put up a huge quarter last night. their underlying tv growth is up 12% which is a number they have not seen in five years and we have not seen from any media company a long time. the tv ad environment is coming back. there is talk of some advertisers switching money out of their digital internet budgets back in the television. >> when i look at time warner i look at cnn and how much they have benefited from the fact -- from the donald trump affect that we talked about. how much has that benefited them in terms of political ad spending this season? >> cbs and cnn in particular. cnn has gotten a tremendous ratings boost over the last six to nine months. that is translating into advertising revenue for them. time warner calling out cnn as particularly strong. that will continue through the election. those it really benefit are the local television affiliates. that is where the candidates really spend their money at the local stations com

senate on television, beginning thursday on c-span. and to see more of our 30 years of coverage of the u.s. senate on c-span2, go to c-span.org. >> on lectures and history, colorado professor sutter talks about how the rise of commercial fertilizer affected trade in farming practices. 1800s, farmers looked for nitrates to enrich their soil, and traditional methods, such as field rotation. this is about 50 minutes. prof. sutter: my name is paul sutter, i am a professor here at the university of colorado, boulder. this is an introduction to global history. today, our lecture is on agriculture and the fertilizer revolution. we began this course talking about agriculture with regards to the unending frontier, the expanding across the world, and the birth of the plantation complex in tropical regions.

senate on television beginning thursday on c-span. and to see more coverage on c-span 2, go to c-span.org. ♪ >>> our campaign 2016 bus continues to travel throughout the country to recognize winners from this year's student camp competition and recently the bus stopped in massachusetts to visit several winning students from that state. they went to the same school in foxborough where all of the students in first through eighth grade attend add schoa school ceremony. >> stop the discrimination. the two were honors in front of their classmates, family members and local elected officials, receiving $250 for their winning video. a special thanks to comcast cable and charter communications. and you can view all the winning documentaries at studentcam.org. >>> coming up next, author and historian david mccollough receives the u.s. capital historical society freedom award and delivers remarks. congressional leaders pay tribute to mr. mccollough's achievements pulitzer prizes. >> and if you're anything like my wife, you're probably his best e

and, the future of television. we will meet a company called arsenic that may be on the verge of cashing in big time with a snapchat account. and here are some of the week's biggest gainers. 14%.tt-packard up on the marketsre when bloomberg television continues. ♪ shery: time for the bloomberg business flash, a look at some of the biggest stories in business right now. verizon communications and its two unions have reached an itsement, in principle, on contract. that means about 30,000 landline employees will return to work after 44 days on strike. union members should return to work next week. microsoft is set to be ready to bid for cloud-based software marketo,market oh -- according to sources close to the matter. and memorial day weekend is upon us. gasoline prices are at their lowest level for this time of year since 2005. aaa says more than 38 million americans will travel this weekend, with 90% going by car. that's the bloomberg business flash. turning now to the real estate market, the buying frenzy has come

a look into the future of television.ce remote, we had 7 million of these foes -- voice remote and our customers hands. we were zero beginning less than a year ago. at this time last year, we began to talk about launching it commercially. we are doing 180 million voice commands every month. the numbers are staggering. and growing every day. the whole experience is to give , allive streaming vod seamlessly put together with context and the latest stats, unprecedented choice and control. to get you really excited for the elevators, look at this final video. ♪ >> the 2016 all of the games, live this august from rao on nbc. [applause] >> now, join -- joining brian roberts for next conversation, welcome senior meteor -- media entertainment correspondent from nbc, julia forced in. -- boorstin. julia: what a cool demo. i got a chance to play around with the product a little bit last week. it seems like this is a real transformation of the way people will experience the olympics. i am wondering how you expect this to impact ratin

senate on television beginning thursday on c-span. to see more of our 30 years of coverage on the senate on c-span2, go to www.c-span.org.

this was the era before cable television. if it didn't come on the evening news, most americans did not watch it. [laughter] that is not true today, when we have c-span, which broadcasts senate and house proceedings live. and we have live broadcast of most senate committee hearings. i think today, if you tried to organize a committee hearing like this one, a committee investigation, you may not -- the members sitting behind the day is may not be -- the dais may not be speaking to a packed audience. the journalists would be able to watch from the comfort of their own desks, sitting in front of their laptops. takes some ofit the specialness out of the process. it is harder to get a large argan's for committee hearings these days. -- a large audience for committee hearings these days. >> you are enthusiastic about the church hearing. why should americans care about what happened in this room 40 years ago? >> it is important because it reminds us that the issues we face in balance a need to protect civil liberties with the need t

one of the television cameramen messes with it -- i think that got it fixed. about 45 seconds of tape are missing. it was the selma section. buckley was furious, but what did he do? newspapers struck at him again, and it was worse than the first time. it was in this spirit that is right laid low, fat norman mailer wrote this letter, "the most hated man in america." the letter goes beyond condolences. after discussing the errors that buckley had made, mailer concluded thusly. i decided i had to write this book when i read this sentence. "our public debating days are over. as rustlers, we are now villains. that cites no proper passion. still, it may open something interesting, wishes that the two of us have a long, careful, private discussion when a night. in all modesty, there is much in your thought that is innocent of its own implications. there is much surplus in mine that could profitably be sliced away by the powers of your logic." he's opening himself up -- teach me, and be taught. he was in some ways trying to say, conservatism keeps us from a mindless l

kennedy's presence that night flickered across television screens. he flaunted a veteran command of the cameras that stood before him which broadcast his confidence and his poise. "here at home, the future is equally revolutionary. the new deal and the fair deal were bold measures for their generations but now this is a new generation." "for the harsh facts of the matter are that we stand at this frontier at a turning-point of history." that turning point was the dawn of the modern age - of mass communication, of space exploration, rock and roll and for the first time, a campaign wasn't bound by the limits of distance. it could stretch into every corner of america. a capacity that kennedy embraced like no one before him. "it has been a long road from that first snowy day in new hampshire to this crowded convention city. now begins another long journey, taking me into your cities and homes across the united states. give me your help and your hand and your voice." the american people wouldgive john f. kennedy all three of those and most importantly the

cbs is exposed to television and -- advertising television and it is up 12%.rs and we have not seen that from any media company in a long time. is comingenvironment back and there's talk about advertisers switching money out of their digital internet budgets back into television. that: the ceo of cbs said last night that people and not trusting digital advertising because they are not sure whether the dollars are paying off. is that true? toebook advertising is going the roof. called: over the last 18 months, advertisers have been trying to dabble in digital advertising and i think some of those marginal numbers may be coming back to broadcast and cable television. we have seen that in the scattered market over the last six months with a strengthening in tv ad spending. the industry is now going into their upfront selling season. david: explain that because this is a great piece of time for les moonves. paul: exactly. that is when the broadcasting table -- cable television cells for next television season in the month of may. $18 billion of ad spending will be