we are not doing a very good job right now protecting the.gov network terkel also that person needs to work more collaboratively with the private sector. general alexander is the head of cybercommand and nsa and they do a very good job that can be done at protecting the .mil network on military networks. we don't have that same robust authority and coordination in protecting the.gov network and there is a lot of work to be down there. >> host: where most of these attacks coming from? >> guest: from a variety of sources and it is not only about attacks. i look at it in terms of looking at cyber intrusions, disruptions that are the worst that could happen. most of us are familiar with cyberintrusions and people think of things like going in and hacking into our e-mail or spamming the e-mail list but intrusions can also be much more serious. espionage, criminal activity, banking system where there are millions and billions of dollars they are siphoning off and stealing every year so it is a real problem in detecting our bank system. espionage, contractors being hacked and critical informa

electrical circuits, most people who are in the terkel engineers are doing things to do with hardware and resistance come and claude shannon was thinking of them in a completely abstract way when a circuit could be on or off and he made this connection that on or off could be the same as true or false and then you could link the circuits together and you could have logic, you could have if then. all of this is second nature if we know anything about computers because computers are built on this. this equivalence between circuitry and logic but this is where it was invented and so it is the fundamental units, the binary digit. >> host: so the transistor, we know a lot about william, he has been quite a notorious figure. but we know much less about claude shannon just in the popular imagination. tell me what was he like as a president back then. >> guest: he was something of a low-fare. he was shy. bell labs at that time had a big industrial building on the west street. the building is still there, downtown new york on the end of greenwich village. it's an artist collective now. in the