do you think the african economy has materialized in china? they reaping the conferences are being far more did -- far too dependent on one country? >> it is something i have been looking at for a while has been how china has been research invested growth model. what you've seen since 2000 until now, a paralleled trajectory of paralleled growth between sub-saharan africa and china. clearly, there is correlation and causation. beyond china, about a year ago, looking at when things were good, there were very strong similarities, parallels between the status of sub-saharan africa and south east asia. now we are seeing a divergence on the economic side, the on our side of the world, policy reform, structural reform, in certain economies of to -- in certain economies to reposition back toward the asian growth trajectory trend. >> do you see a lot of potential for stronger relations between the u.s. trade and africa? there are opportunities elsewhere. >> only about 1% of u.s. exports actually find a destination in sub-saharan africa. it is about 6% o

do you think the african economy , are they doing anything to find markets? alk about headwinds, china in the last decade there is a gale force headwinds. something i have been looking at is how china's resources growth model. it's unprecedented is underpinning african go through -- african growth. parallelectory of growth between subprime africa and china. correlationre is and causation in it. think of what they are experiencing beyond china. about a year ago when things were good, there were very strong similarities between the status of sub-saharan key countries and southeast asia. now we are seeing a diversions on the economic side, southeast asia. policy reform, structural reform , in certain economies to reach back to -- for the ages and growth -- asian growth. >> do you see potential for stronger relations between the u.s. in terms of trade and africa? only about 1% of u.s. exports find their destination to sub-saharan africa. it is about 6% of the portfolio. that is not surprising that the capital markets are in his deep, less options. are a lot more o

do think the african economy has materialized in china? e they reaping the conferences are being far more did -- far too dependent on one country? it is something i have been looking at for a while has been how china has been research invested growth model. what you've seen since 2000 until now, a paralleled trajectory of paralleled growth between sub-saharan africa and china. correlationre is and causation. china, about a year ago, looking at when things were good, there were very strong similarities, parallels between africatus of sub-saharan and south east asia. now we are seeing a divergence on the economic side, the on our side of the world, policy inorm, structural reform, certain economies of to reposition that toward the asian growth trajectory trend. d's see a lot of potential for stronger relations between the u.s. trade and africa? exportsabout 1% of u.s. actually find a destination in sub-saharan africa. it is about 6% of the export of the bank portfolio. that is not surprising that the capital markets are not as deep. i think t

nigeria's gdp has searched and the financial crisis and so has ethiopia's. africans economyudan has done no better. no countries are likely. is deadon the dead sea last, worse than venezuela. progress is crucial. made an index to track leadership in africa. he says that lie in the heart and improvement of african citizens. the eager human index has stalled since 2011. it is clear that enthusiasm for the africa opportunity has not stopped. over and over, business leaders at the bloomberg africa business in a comic summit i express confidence and explain why did >. >> this is a time that we accelerate investment in africa and not pullback. we would be in 10-15 countries. nigeria, we are not a majority yet, so we clearly have more investing to do and we think the timing is very good. >> i think that the change in commodity prices is an enormous opportunity. economy had to diversify whether it's an saharan africa are som or sub-saharan africa. ultimately, it will not be a sustainable economy, but in many ways, this is good news. it is sooner better than later and i think diversi

the south african economy has so many problems. you wonder whether the politics is a sideshow.i would not characterize it quite is a sideshow. i agree that the problems are structural. south africa has been buffeted by global shocks. politics makes all of this that much worse. it makes it much harder for south africans to consume, to invest, to have confidence in what is going on when the institutions which were reasonably strong in south africa when the anc took power have been gradually degraded. and that has accelerated. guy: one party state is going to far. the anc is in control. i wonder whether replacing zuma is going to have the same effect that replacing roussef could have. in brazil,ould like it would help stop the rot. we did have to see how much change the anc is willing to bring about to the structural problems that south africa has. what it would say is that, it is not a one party state that there is one part of it dominates. whenever you have that situation, all the competition is internalized, political competition is internalized within that party. what is happe

daniel: two of the largest economies at loggerheads the. south african preside jacob niria, meeting hissit to counterpart, muhammadu buhari. overshadowing the trip is a spat between m.t.n. and nigeria's telecom's regulator. m.t.n. has been fined for not disconnecting unregistered sim cards. nigeria said those helped boko haram to coordinate attacks. >> south africa's jacob zuma was given all the p and circumstance due a visiting head of state. but his nigerian host, president muhammadu buhari, wasted no time in getting down to business. he complained that nigerians about hade for -- paid for m.t.n.'s mistakes with their lives. >> the federal government was business counting on the security, not the fines enforced on m.t.n. you know how the unreginasterred are being used by terrorism and between 2009 and today at least 10,000 have been killed by boko haram, at least 10,000. >> nigerian regulators say boko haram used unregistered sim cards to plan attacks throughout nigeria and ordered telecom providers to deactivate suspicious cards but m.t.n. wasn't fast

the business potentl of african economies has attracted hundreds of thousands of chinese entrepreneursking to fill gaps in the market. since 2001 over 1 million chinese have emigrated to africa. frank fang: let's go and check in. narrator: frank fang has a farm on the outskirts of lusaka, the capitol city of zambia. he loves to bring his family here on the weekend for barbecue. in 1994 frank graduated with a law degree from a prestigious university in south of china. he got employed by a gh profi company in his only province which specializes in international cooperration. ♪ music narrator: a few years later frank was deployed by his company to botswana. the memory of arriving in africa for the first time is still very fresh. narrator: in 2000 frank quit the company and together with his friends they drove from botswana to zambia to start a new life. frank fang: this is lusaka hotel. and this is the first place we stayed on the first day, from the first day we arrived in lusaka, we stayed here -- i can't remember if it was this room or this room -- for about 30, 40 days. this is one of

the economy. it's the economy, the economy. they believe that african-americans haven't fared very well in this quote, unquote, jobless recovery. the underreported numbers when you think about african-americans and the unemployment rate among african-americans kind of mixed into those numbers that sound good but really haven't benefited us that much. they're also concerned about the wealth gap in america, the widening gap has not been closed down. you think about the fact that also salaries have been stagnant in americaor some changes there. some of those black republican voters are also small business owners, so they would like to see some things that help them continue their business to grow. >> and for your listeners, what's the impact of trump in this race? >> i was looking for a trump black voter and didn't find one, but there are some out there. we know there are some out there. i think the problem that trump is having with african-american voters simply is what he's been saying during this campaign. a lot of people can't square away the fact that

we have high hopes. >> reporter: there are concerns over the fall in natural resource processes and how they may hurt african economies. despite that, businesspeople still see the area as the last promising continents market. takafumi terui, nhk world, tokyo. >>> investors and economists around the world are keeping a close eye on how china's leaders intend to steer the economy. gene otani has the details on that and other business headlines. >> thanks, james. chinese premier li keqiang says that the nation's economy growing at a pace lower than the government's target would be a major risk. the chinese government has set this year's growth target between 6.5% and 7%. li was speaking at the forum for asia on the southern chinese island of hainan. it's being attended by political and businessss leaders from arod asia. >> translator: if the economy sinks below the growth target for this year, it would pose a major risk. if thihis happens,s, we'll take comprehensive measures to prevent a slowdown. >> li stressed the government t will take monetary fiscal and other available measures to ensure the economy grows within the

the labor markets. >> reporter: rising unemployment level is al problem facing most african nations. almost 200 million people are between 15 and 24 years old. the u.n. says that number will likely double by 2045. most african economiesowing fast enough to give them employment. >>> south korea has announced unilateral sanctions against north klee. they specific target people responsible for developing weapons of mass destruction. rob mcbride reports from the south korean capitol. >> reporter: the new measures are designed to put further pressure on north korea on top of the wide-ranging sanctions already agreed by the united nations last week. key individuals and organizations from north korea and some foreigners giving government support will face sanctions. there will also be further restrictions on trade. >> translator: we will entirely ban foreign [ inaudible ] that will stop at a north korean port within 180 days from entering domestic ports. >> reporter: the restrictions include north korean restaurants operating overseas. south koreans are being urged to eat elsewhere. in the carrot and stick dealings with this north korea, this is a further indication from the president that north korea only responds to the s

the end of hostility. aboute are talking reconstruction, we are talking about a time when alabama is dealing with ethical decisions. how will it rebuild its economy after the civil war? how will newly emancipated african americans going to make a living? where they going to live? what is the relationship going to be to their former owners? that all combines for quite a tumultuous story is fascinating in many respects. one of my favorite pieces associated with the reconstruction story is this voter registration volume. a 1867, alabama had to adopt new state constitution to reenter the union. that summer, registrars went out all over the state registering citizens who are eligible to vote. what makes this falling special and the others like it is they were the first state records produced by alabama government that record the names of formally enslaved african american men who are now recognized as free citizens of the state. the document, in many cases, was the first time they would have put into a public record, not just the given name, but also whatever surname they chose at the time of emancipation. it is also extremely valuable for doing african-american genealogy. it provides a very important mile

the north korean economy. a direct response to the sanctions. >> a possible breakthrough. southeastern african nation. a u.s. official says the debris as a part of the same type of plane. not necessarily saying the same on its way. he will march in this year's parade on fifth avenue. allowing gay groups to march under. he skipped his again last year when only one from his group was then. much more still to come on this thursday morning. all right. we will be right back. ben: 6:24 a.m. donald trump has unveiled his first healthcare plan. appealing obamacare. requiring all their kids to have health insurance. also wants to modify the law that bans insurance across state lines. trump called it simply a place to start. fallen by 18% in recent years. about 45 out of every 1000 u.s. women experience. the new england journal of medicine. ben: a new meaning. once he got inside, they stole more than 50 weapons. juliet: in georgia, a stork were was extremely bold when he you know what. fits him over the head. that is about it. he has been arrested and charged with several crimes. >> your top stories when we come back.

. >> hillary clinton was in the cleveland area in african american churches in cleveland. she spoke a lot about the economy, criminal justice, prisoner reentry, felt like cleveland had not yet recovered from the recession. bernie sanders had a pretty similar message, campaigned on toledo, ohio, and talked about the campaign, nafta and trying to link secretary clinton with nafta. trying to link blue collar workers in toledo. >> there could be surprises because of it. >> early voting is already underway, underway a few weeks, there are people who have already cast their votes and also people who are trying to make up their minds so there could be a dynamic there between which candidates get supported in the early votes and with you candidates get supported on election day. >> nick castele from >> stewart: learn more about what's at stake for the republican candidates in florida. watch our report online at pbs.org/newshour. in germany, millions of voters in three states went to the polls today, in what amounted to a referendum on chancellor angela merkel's welcoming of more than a million refugees from the mi

the foundation of our economy. in south carolina, she won the african-american vote and has won much of it throughout the south. bernie sanders won one third of the black vote in michigan. amanda: we have to make everyone -- 50 make sure everyone knows a primary is happening. in 2008, michigan played a different role. we have to make sure we are talking about get out to vote but also the importance of jobs in any community. will we saw in michigan is how disappointed people are about the manufacturing industry. they really need a president who is going to bring those jobs back. going back to mark's first question, you weren't in the state enough and there was something a failure of messaging? amanda: no, i think we have to talk more about her jobs plan. we did that on friday, and i think you will start to see more of that. i think it is important we have the plan out there and keep pushing on that. mark: did senator sanders' victory and all the money he had and the upcoming states, do you assume this will be a competitive contest of the spring? amanda: yes. mark: and maybe through the convention? amanda: yes. m

the blue glass. potentially a badly needed boost for this area and afghanistan's strugg struggling economy >>> interest in buying african art is growing in the u.s. and europe. actioneers say there has been 200% rise in african art in the last four years. not everyone in the continent, though, is raking it in. >> reporter: they have sold more than 60 million dollars of african art in london over the last nine years. most contemporary art is told for between 7 and 70,000 dollars, one of the best painting sold to 1.5 million dollars and this was sold for $400,000. >> the contemporary art market is physical el in the-- fickle sense has meant that buyers have moved on to find the next big and new area. africa is very much the area they're focusing on. >> reporter: the value of african art continues to rise as more pieces from south africa, senegal and guarna are seen on the market. only 5% of artists produce work that is commercially viable. african art has dominated international sales providing an opportunity for the larger african markets. this man has been taking documentary photos for 20 years. some are exhibited here

the u.n. says that number will likely double by 2045. most african economies are not growing fast enough to give most of them a chance of employment >>> a large fire in the united emirates have destroyed boats. more than 200 boats were moored in the marina at the time of the fire. the police are not sure what caused it. prosecutors in venezuela are leading an investigation over 28 goldminers who have been missing since friday. the family members say the minors were killed over a dispute over a gold deposit in a jungle area. the government says so far there's no evidence anyone was killed there. the opposition insists it is all a cover up. three years ago al jazeera filmed children working in coal mines in the indian state. a year later the government banned coal mining in that area. now we have returned to see if the government's actions had any affect. a report from north-east india. >> reporter: this is a miner turn farmer. when the indian government banned coal mining he, he and many others switched to farmingment. he makes less money but says he is happier

the u.n. says that number will likely double by 2045. most african economies are not going fast enough to give most of them a chance of employment >>> women in mexico have come up with a novel way to deal with the capital's harassment problem. >> reporter: it is often a fleeting encounter, but the anger and shame of sexual harassment on the streets can linger. these women are fighting back with a song called sexist punk and a confetti gun. watch as they confront men who have made offensive comments or gestures at them. the men are surprised, although all of them told us they were not embarrassed, they hid their faces or laughed nervously. >> translation: they're wasting our time. we don't feel ashamed because we didn't do anything. >> reporter: for the last three years these women have been confronting sexual harassers through perform ann pance. they have endured harassment in the city since they were children >> translation: we live in a world where everything revolves around men. we're not interested in educating men. we want to empower women. >> reporter: b

the african-american community. she says she's the answer for jobs for an improving economy. you know, i'm sure you've followed the campaign, that message has resonated very strongly in the african-american community. why do you think bernie sanders is the better choice? >> because bernie sanders focuses on the source of all of our problems. you can't solve any of the problems if you see them as themselves the problems. they are symptoms of a larger problem. and the larger problem is bernie sanders has pointed out is an economy that concentrates wealth in the hands of a few. and the fact that those few then take that wealth and corrupt our political system to make it difficult for us to make changes that affect -- positively effect the lives of all people or a great majority of people. so you see that at play with jobs. you see that at play in health care. you see that at play with climate change. you see that source, you see that two-headed dragon at play, causing all of the problems, and then corrupting our political system to keep us from solving those problems. and so ber

the middle and bottom ranges of this economy. >> woodruff: kai you also found the anxiety is higher among african-americans and among hispanics.'re the ones who have not saved for retirement. they use pay valentine's day loans more. they see problems with their inherents. all the things the rest of russ feeling day in and day out and i should say you have to separate the wealthiest part of the economy from the rest of it. if you get down below the 1%, the 5%, there is deep economic stress and african-americans and latinos feel it more acutely than anybody. >> woodruff: you asked a specific question about how people would handle an unexpected expense. >> right. we asked people, if you had an unexpected expense of $1,000 today, right now, would you be able to handle it? and we asked it because you can get $1,000 like that -- a fender-bender, tripping on a curb, there is is thousand dollars. would you be able to make the payment? 59% of the people said they would have difficulty making the payment and fully half of that group said they have nowhere to turn for help. they don't have a friend or relative that could help them out wi

only of that division, but of things like nafta, of things like the way that the economy, that the bill clinton policies have played in africann lives, and in their households? >> unfortunately, they don't know who he is. although his history clearly shows that he has historically been on the right side of the issues, and policies for the average american, he has not had enough time to introduce himself to americans and in this country as a man grows older the world turns colder and everybody tells him that his work is done. i believe there are some age discrimination and then there are those folk who say we don't want america to become a socialist country. and this guy wants to give away everything and take care of everybody. of course you know the republicans certainly reject that notion. i think that that's the greatest, in addition to that as it relates to race and black americans he comes from a state where there are more black men in prison than there are on the street. so, i tell you what i do find interesting, he came to michigan, he said eastern michigan university, i believe it was, 10,000 students, and parents, the

african countries. the continent has the youngest population in the world, almost 200 pillion people are between 15 and 24 years old. that number will likely double by 2045. most african economies are not going fast enough to give most of them a choice of employment >>> three years ago al jazeera filmed children working in coal mines in the indian state. we have returned to see if the government ban on such practices has had any affect. >> reporter: this is a miner turned farmer. when the government banned coal mining here he and many other switched to farming. he makes less money now, but says he is happier. >> translation: mining definitely pays more, but if i'm to think about mine and my family's health and safety, then farming is better. >> reporter: we spot at least eight active mines around his field. the ban has had little effect. we investigate further and find pemba. he was filmed by us three years ago when he was a child minor. he was rescued by a charity but is back to working in the mines. >> translation: people like me don't have an education. who is going to give me a job. all i can do is manual labor and rely on myself. >> reporter: he confirms mines here are sti

comprehensive, she does think through innovation and the foundation of our economy, and we will talk more about that. mark: in south carolina, she got 90% of the africancan vote. last night, sanders won a third of the black vote in michigan. what accounts for the disparity, and how does that worry you? >> we have to make sure that everyone knows the primary is happening. that is a little different with michigan. 2008, michigan played a role. we also have to talk about the importance of jobs in every community. what we saw in michigan is how disappointed people are about the manufacturing industry, that they need a president that will bring those jobs back. we are going to make sure that we are loud and clear about that piece of it. mark: going back to the first question, it sounds like you said you were not in the state enough and there was a failure of messaging. >> i think we have to talk more about her jobs plan and we did that on friday. i think you'll start to see more of that and it's important that we have that plan out there. mark: given senator sanders victory last night, the other ,- the amount of money he has do you assume this will be a co

will she does think through innovation and the foundation of our economy, and we will talk more about that. mark: in south carolina, she got 90% of the africancan vote. last night, sanders won a third of the black vote in michigan. what accounts for the disparity, and how does that worry you? >> we have to make sure that everyone knows the primary is happening. that is a little different with michigan. 2008, michigan played a role. we have talk about getting out the vote and about the importance of jobs in every community. what we saw in michigan is how disappointed people are about the manufacturing industry, that they need a president that will bring those jobs back. we are going to make sure that we are loud and clear about that piece of it. mark: going back to the first question, it sounds like you said you were not in the state enough and there was a failure of messaging. >> i think we have to talk more about her jobs plan and we did that on friday. i think you'll start to see more of that and it's important that we have that plan out there. mark: given senator sanders victory last night, the amount of money he has, do you assume this w

she won 88% of democratic the top issue. african-american voters and among women, she took almost two-thirds, 65%, and those who ranked the economy the top issue. donald trump won six states and here is a look where his strength came from. he won 63% of republicans who wanted an outsider and he won a majority of voters who ranked immigration as their top issue and he won 44% of voters who put change at top and he won 37% of conservatives, although those who describe themselves very conservative, ted cruz had the highest numbers there. with hillary clinton's strong night, how would sanders voters feel if clinton was the nominee ultimately? they are split down the middle. 38% said they would be satisfied with clinton and 79% said they would not. a different look when you look at the republican side of things. among nontrump voters on super tuesday in the gop side, fully 74%, nearly three-quarters, told us they would not be satisfied nominee. so a deep chasm in the republican party. >>> coming up on "cbs this morning," we will wrap up the results of super tuesday and discuss the growing divide in the republican party. >>> straight a

the country was displaced. central african republic is also one of africa's poorest countries with a devastated economy, 60% of nts live in poverty here. the new president fought this election as a man of the people and now bringing those very people together and without blood shed returning is a very real and very difficult task. phil lavelle, al jazeera. >>> the man accused of hijacking a plane from egypt to cyprus using a fake suicide belt is in larnaca and seif el din mustafa is psychologically unstable and the motives behind the hijacking are unclear and passengers and crew have safely returned back to egypt. and this person was on board the hijacked plane. >> we took off normally from alexandria from cairo and everything was normal and not weird. maybe after a while everyone noticed we should have landed and didn't land and i look out of the window and saw the sea so it was a bit weird to see the see because usually when you go to cairo you don't pass the sea and we noticed there was something wrong but nobody imagined that it could be that kind of thing so then one of the cabin crew passed by all the pas

the oil prices. many of these african economies are struggling.ou have waited to come is there is an argument you could have waited and done this at a time when things look better? bruce: you can argue you should wait, but we think this is the right time. the strategy is clear and we should act. joining us.you for good to have you on the program and the look with the -- and good luck with the consultations you need to do. bruce hemphill join us in london, the ceo of old mutual. ryan error. -- ryan air. that is next. ♪ anna: welcome back. this is "countdown.: " bloombergto the business flash. caroline: bp will not have to face lawsuits from oil services companies. they had blamed -- that was one of the largest remaining had a gorey's bp faced. the company has already paid out $55 billion. deutsche bank is in talks with jpmorgan in citigroup to sell about one trillion euros in complex financial instruments. they say deutsche bank has sold about two thirds of the portfolio. and wants to sell the rest within the next few months. and the u.s. just depa

the second biggest prize on super tuesday. evangelicals and african americans hold major sway on this southern state's presidential picks. recent polls show voters democratic voters consider economy and healthcare the top issues, while republicans say the threat of terrorism is the number one issue, followed by the economy. i'm sally kidd. >> here in church, expected to be a close night if the polls are right.

the economy were the top issues there. get follows show young voters and african americans helped give him the edge. >> i want to take this opportunity to thank the people of michigan, repudiated the polls that had us 25 points down a few days ago. >> hillary clinton won mississippi, most voters wanted a candidate with political experience. >> i want to be the president for people who have a dream and who are looking for a way to achieve that dream. >> exit polls show republican vote meres michigan and mississippi wanted change, many wanted political outsider. cbs news projects donald trump won the gop primary in mississippi and michigan. >> we have something going that is so good, we should grab each other and we should unify the party and nobody will beat us, okay? >> ted cruz picked up a win in idaho and says his campaign is gaining momentum. >> we have tremendous support on the grass roots and we are fighting to earn delegates. >> more than 300 delegates were up for grabs in tonight's races, craig boswell, cbs news, washington. >>> experts say despite sanders big win it will still be very hard for him to catch up to h

she does think through innovation and the foundation of our economy, and we will talk more about that. mark: in south carolina, she got 90% of the africanrican vote. last night, sanders won a third of the black vote in michigan. what accounts for the disparity, and how does that worry you? >> we have to make sure that everyone knows the primary is happening. that is a little different with michigan. 2008, michigan played a role. we have talk about getting out the vote and about the importance of jobs in every community. what we saw in michigan is how disappointed people are about the manufacturing industry, that they need a president that will bring those jobs back. we are going to make sure that we are loud and clear about that piece of it. mark: going back to the first question, it sounds like you said you were not in the state enough and there was a failure of messaging. >> i think we have to talk more about her jobs plan and we did that on friday. i think you'll start to see more of that and it's important that we have that plan out there. mark: given senator sanders victory last night, the amount of money he has, do you assume this

african countries. the continent has the youngest population in the world. almost 200 million people are between 15 and 24 years old. the u.n. says that number will likely double by 2045. most african economiesgrowing fast enough to give most of them a chance of employment. >>> now to a controversy over potentially toxic weed killer. it can't be agreed if it causes cancer or not. a vote on relicensing the chemical has been suspended as concerns rise over the health risks. neave barker reports from the u.k. >> reporter: it's a bumpy drive across the 900-acre organic farm. >> this is the clover, although you can't see much at the moment. >> reporter: 15 years ago the farm stopped using all chemicals after noticing a big drop in wildlife, the fields are now fertilized naturally, the main substance the farm stopped using was a key ingredient in herbicides. but the world's most weed killer is now at the center of a global cancer scare. many countries are now rethinking the way they grow food. >> it's a poster boy for the use of chemicals in farming. it has been called the safest chemical there is. it would be a dramatic blow to those who think chemicals are the way to produce our food, a dramatic

and the thing that -- the turning point for me, alex, was her economic place about the economy. she has a strong and comprehensive economic plan, investing in africand minority communities across south carolina. i spent a lot of time on the ground in south carolina during the last primary and i heard that over and over and over again, that that message was resonating because it is the issue that is most important to certainly african-americans across the country. >> all right. hillary clinton has certainly been winning with the african-american women in the primaries so far. we've got jonathan allen who has just written in politico more than any other set of voter, black women are propelling clinton toward the general election. why do you think mrs. clinton enjoys this kind of support from african-american women? >> well, you know, hillary clinton is not a johnny come lately to this whole conversation. certainly not political discourse. and leading our country and representing issues. not only that are important to women but to all african-americans. her work many years ago with the childrens defense fun, working in south carolina to help keep youn

africa is an enduring interest of the united states and it's importance continues to grow as african economies populations and influence grow. small but wise investments offer disproportionate benefits to africa, europe and the united states. african solutions to african problems are in the best interest of africans and indeed the world. in the most trouble spots in the continent, africans have an understandable fear and distrust of the governments charged with promoting and guarding the welfare of the people. predatory practices and exclusion of population as well as inconsistent adherence to the rule of law combined crushed the hope of the future. they represent a threat not only to africa but our european allies and the united states. effectively addressing the threat before, during or after a military crisis requires a approach for defense to address causes of extremism and replace fear and uncertainty with trust and confidence in african institutions. africa commands contributions lies in encouraging and enabling the professionalism of the african institutions which will secure national p

the southern planter economy. he looked at the economic conditions and social stratification of african american communities. he explored white southern politics. he did detailed studies of the justice system, of police, of prisons and jails. he looked at the problem of violence in the south. he explored the problem of segregation and equality and he looked at a variety of different institutions in the african american community. kind of uplift institutions, social protest institutions. he looked at the role of the black press and black churches. i mean it really is a study that i think deserves us returning to again and again and again. but in a very provocative way, myrtle offered a particular interpretation of southern culture, and i think by extension, of american political development. he developed this argument that he called the american creed. right? and in myrtle's telling and this is a quote, there's a strong unity in this nation and a basic homojen aidient in its stability. americans of all national origins, classes, regions, creeds, and colors have something in common. a social ethos, a political