in conclusion, the general assessment of davis was commander of chief as a war leader. considering the political dimensions broadly construed of this position, i think davis merits high marks, i do. with a military side much more mixed, he comprehended the situation facing his country and i find his decisions reasonable and understandal. as a purely military commander in chief, he exhibited serious flaws. too often he did not exercise appropriate command authority over generals or intervene effectively in crippling disagreements among senior commanders. elsewhere, i tried to delineate the practical and emotional reasons behind his inaction. there is no time here for such a discussion. i'm sure you're glad to hear me say that. simply put, he did not have the steel or ruthlessness to make essential command decisions. i would say davis performed ably as a political commander in chief than as a military commander in chief. thank you very much. >> next week we'll be back at the virginia military institute for another session from this conference organized by the virginia civi

the corps commander of the 11th core, abolitionist but not a great military commander, but he gets to divisions forward, does the smart thing and keeps one back beyond the cemetery to hold the high ground. one division is almost all german speakers. command by germans. the other division on the right is a split between germans and english speakers. that did mission is commanded by frances channing marlo, native-born americans, very brave soldier with a great tactical record. he is risen quickly from regimental to brigade to division command and he is not ready for it. has praised -- as brave as the is he sees things the way a regimental commander does, what is right in front of him. he is looking out and he sees higher ground ahead. you would want the enemy to have it, so he moves one brigade and the rest of his division forward and in doing so, he does understand how defense hangs together. big break speaking in line on the right but also breaks the 11th core internally leaving a gap of a half-mile leaving the germans division and his division and just then, the confederates arrived

that's the whole purpose. and command had now been organized under a central leader in the west, henry w. halleck who commanded from st. louis. and he had four field armies maneuvering against the western confederate forces under the supreme western commander in the west for the confederacy, albert sydney johnston. so johnston not only had this federal force encamped, now disembarked at pittsburgh landing in close proximity to his railroad and the corinth junction, but he had three additional union armies pressuring his defenses. he had one in arkansas. he had pope on the river, had just taken new madrid. grant's force here, and don carlos buell of the army of the ohio, which had entered nashville and was maneuvering through middle tennessee. halleck had ordered a concentration of grants force with buell. the plan would be once the two armies were within supporting distance, then halleck would come into the field from st. louis, take command of the whole, and they would carry out the mission of cutting the vital railroads

and she was also the very first woman in the navy to command a ship. it was the uss opportune ars 41, one of the noncombatants. i'll take off my glasses to read. she took command of the ship and took to war during desert storm in january of 1991. in addition on her experience as a sea going officer, her staff work included both enlisted personnel management at the bureau of naval personnel, which i hear they'll finally knock down the navy annex over in virginia. >> oh, really? >> yeah, i talked to the base command every and they're actually letting a contract to knock it down sooner or later. he didn't say when. and she also worked in civil affairs disaster and did military attache work for the commander chief pacific. she retired in april 2000 and got her ph.d. at the university of maryland and her story is included in the veterans history project collections and is featured in the veterans history project voices of war. >> hi, thank you, everybody, for coming. my story begins a little bit before the war. i knew i was going to a command of opportune. i

with the american command on general alert, standoff lasted for 17 hours. then, at 10:45 on 28 october, having made their point, the sort of yet tanks withdrew from the border crossing. little more than an hour later, the american tanks and most of the infantry also pulled back. although the americans continued regular patrols along the border, they stopped testing access rights and making armored demonstrations at checkpoint charlie. as the standoff in berlin wore on, the kennedy administration continued with plans to increase defense spending and strengthen the u.s. position in europe. by mid october, the first of 40,000 reinforcements landed in france to begin kennedy's buildup. in addition to the individual fillers and support units, the president also ordered the third armored regimen to deploy from ft. meade to germany. with 100 soldiers and 122 tanks began arriving and became operational by the end of the month. not satisfied with the extent of the buildup at this point, secretary mcnamara continued to press for the deployment of additional combat pos

it is a tradition on memorial day for the commander in chief to do so. man of the joint chiefs, general de dempsey. we will be hearing from leon panetta, the secretary of defense, and then from the president of the united states. we will continue our live coverage. ♪ >> ladies and gentlemen, secretary panetta. >> ladies and gentlemen, distinguished guests, veterans, active service members, mrs. obama, mr. president. it is an honor to be able to be here today with all of you. to observe memorial day on this most sacred ground for our military and our nation. arlington and all the men and women who rest here are a constant reminder that freedom is not free. today, we join all americans in coming together to pay tribute to all those brave americans who have fought and who died for our country. we honor and remember america's heroes. our patriots who have made the ultimate sacrifice in defense of our liberties. as we have for the past ten memorial days, today, we still gather at a time of war. today, the american people remember the more than 6,400 heroes who

and as i said before, the commanders as well. conversely on the southern side, the legacy here is going to be a little different. the guys that were sent here, ft. donelson to bolster their defense, ad-hoc, most came in from bowling green at the time. and even the guys that were stationed here up until that time at ft. henry, ft. donelson and ft. hyman, they spent most of their time digging. a little bit of drill. they were novice troops but they did very well for what training they had. they did very well. they made up for that lack of training with just bullheaded tenacity. but when the prisoners are taken from ft. donelson after surrender, they'll be in the northern prison camps for six months before they're exchanged or paroled. the southern army out here, which will become the army of the -- the army of tennessee, army of tennessee, they're not going to -- that initial core of experience is gone. the combat experience they had here at ft. donelson is locked away in a union prison camp for six months. so it's shilo because con

[applause] commander beall will read the citations for sergeant manning. -- commander biel. it will be lots of times for photo opportunities after. >> good evening, everybody. i have the pleasure of introducing our sergeant dani el manning. there was a probation search on the home of a resident who was known to be armed and dangerous and narcotics trafficker. in the course of performing duties, sgt manning encounter the suspect with a gun in his hand. in the days prior to the incident, sgt manning learned the resident of 60 kashmir, was dealing narcotics out of the residents. they conducted an investigation and learn a resident of 60 kashmir was robert hackert, a man with a history of violence in numerous felony convictions. on the morning of february 16, a team of officers who set up outside the apartment to conduct a probation search. once it was determined that sector was in sight, the officer's watch for several hours as this aspect -- suspects came and left sparking a suspicion that he was engaged in narcotics trafficking that day. there was a female suspect that the bro

and i'm the last commander of the soviet military liaison mission control facility in frankfurt, germany. i have a question as to whether any of you can talk about the activities of the various military liaison missions during this period of all the four allied powers. >> i can talk a little bit about our mission. we had what we call the potsdam mission. that's where soviets had their headquarters. they were extremely active during this entire time and they were active also before the wall went up, going around, looking at things and so on and so forth. their problem was that the east germans, with soviet support, kept coming up with closed zones so that our liaison missions could not go everywhere in east germany that they wanted to go. sometimes they were rather surprisingly stopped in places where they had been able to go a week earlier. so we had a great frustration because our military liaison mission knew before the wall went up that there was something going on. but, for example, all those caches of barbed wire and all that other stuff people have talked about now, our people did

why do we have in the supreme court moses holding the 10 commandments. >> in the supreme court building we have these 10 commandments. at the end of the day you have a judge owe pointed by obama, intolerance towards christianity part of historical context. >> not christianity. >> bill: this is moses. he was jewish all the way. >> it's the judeo-christian. >> bill: wasn't christianity in play back then. it wasn't even invented yet. >> it wasn't. but at the same time this judge needs to make a decision. >> bill: he made a decision, get rid of the four. >> he said mediate it and i will make a decision later. >> bill: wait a minute. is he trying to do the easy thing? this guy is going to get pillaried all over the country now. this is absurd. >> he is doing what he thinks is politically correct. >> bill: did he this to be in your face to every religious person in the country. that's why this guy did it is he not an i idiot urban ski. i'm going to tweak all those stupid believers. i don't have any respect for them. >> that's my point. >> bill: he doesn't believe it's going to happen. it's no

and how can you edit the ten commandments? , the judge may be pushing mediation instead of making a decision. send your thoughts to mcginty's mail bag. mailbag@wusa9.com. >> it looks like our rainy, dreary day may be turning into a rainy, dreary night. his forecast is on the way. but first, where has the father of go go gone? we go searching for answers about chuck brown and, is he okay? that's up next. i stepped on the machine, and it showed me the pressure points on my feet and exactly where i needed more support. then, i got my number. my tired, achy feet affected my whole life. until i found my number. i tried the free dr. scholl's foot mapping center. in two minutes, i got my foot map and custom number. i'm a 440. that matched up to the dr. scholl's custom fit orthotic inserts with the right support and cushioning i need. i am a believer. i'm a believer! i'm a believer. go to drscholls.com to find your closest walmart with a foot mapping center. >>> concern has been growing over the health of chuck brown. the god father of

>> north come is in a recent discussion, the commander of the north command. he views looking at the homeland as a theater of operations. and i think his perspective will be very important in determining requirements for all ohm land defense or homeland operations the homeland being one of those parameters. >> mr. chairman, thank you. >> thank you very much. >> gentlemen, i thank you for your testimony early this morning and i thank you to our service to our nation. do you have further questions? >> no, mr. chairman. i have no further questions. i want to thank you for the leadership you're providing for armed forces. thank you very much. >> i will be submitted questioning. i ask for your response. and now the committee asked the generals to come forward. present your testimony. >> i thank you for joining us this morning. your full statements will be placed on the record. shall we start? with general admiral devink? >> chairman, thank you for the privilege to speak with you about the capabilities, capacity and readiness of our 63,988 men and women serving in th

the united states army. he had distinguished combat career as a regimental commander. moreover, he'd been a member of both united states house and united states senate. in the latter 1850s he served as chair for the military affairs committee. in addition between 1853 and 1857 he had served as secretary of war in franklin president pierce's cabinet. despite these credentials davis has been harshly judged by historians in his starring role, the president of the confederate states. the judgment of davis almost makes a prima facie case for disregarding prior achievement and experience in awarding higher responsible office. give a man with his background a big job, he fails. why do you need a background? witness professor neely. of course davis is usually matched against his wartime opposite abraham lincoln and invariably he comes in second. usually quite a distant second. yet, to me, trailing lincoln does not automatically brand davis a failure. for, in my judgment, and lincoln was clearly the greatest war leader in our history, but even when viewed alone, outside the linc

in terms of the commander initiated actions they dropped by 23%. he number of initiated court-martials fell by 8% and the number of perpetrator convicted committing sexual assault dropped by 22%. fewer commanders decided to bring charges and many fewer were successfully prosecuted. some including secretary panetta think the answer is to notice those in authority at the chain of command to the six level. secretary panetta and my colleagues i hope are correct that this will solve the problem. but i am not as optimistic. some of the forces already adhere to this practice of giving disposing authority 206 and get commander actions court-martial convictions also decreased in those services as well. while many commanders are making the decisions i fear many are not. this may not be done with malice and some of these cases ran counter to a commanders think they know. how could a model soldier, commit such a heinous act? this runs contrary to a commanders believe in what they depend on in executing their mission. ask experts in and out of the military and t

louis, commander in charge of the west. commander in charge of expedition. say what you will about hallic in st. louis but he was good about -- he might have overwhelmed the telegraph lines with notes to grant, telling him to do this and that. but grant always knew what hallic wanted him to do. it may not have been possible for some of the things hallic wanted because he wasn't on the ground, but he gave grant enough trust to do what was right and he let them know what was done. conversely on the other side, the confederates, it's kind of the exact opposite. you had albert sidney johnson in bowling green in charge of the whole western department. ft. henry fell, we have to reinforce ft. donelson, you take your brigade, you take your regiment and you take your division and go. oh, i have four brigadier generals at donelson? figure it out. whoever is senior, just take command. and the communications between all those, of the four brigadier generals, johnson, lowest ranking one, he was kind of forgotten. many of you are wondering, four? i didn't know there were

why do we have in the supreme court moses holding the 10 commandments. >> in the supreme court buildingve these 10 commandments. at the end of the day you have a judge owe pointed by obama, intolerance towards christianity part of historical context. >> not christianity. >> bill: this is moses. he was jewish all the way. >> it's the judeo-christian. >> bill: wasn't christianity in play back then. it wasn't even invented yet. >> it wasn't. but at the same time this judge needs to make a decision. >> bill: he made a decision, get rid of the four. >> he said mediate it and i will make a decision later. >> bill: wait a minute. is he trying to do the easy thing? this guy is going to get pillaried all over the country now. this is absurd. >> he is doing what he thinks is politically correct. >> bill: did he this to be in your face to every religious person in the country. that's why this guy did it is he not an i idiot urban ski. i'm going to tweak all those stupid believers. i don't have any respect for them. >> that's my point. >> bill: he doesn't believe it's going to happen. it's not goin

only the confederate high command knows that mission. troops in the ranks don't understand they're to do anything except locate enemy forces and to fight them and defeat them. that's about the bulk of what the confederate soldier knows about what their mission is here. the roads that the public traverse today on the battlefield, 95% or so are the same routes of movement, the same road lines that were here at the time of the battles. they straightened them out a little, took the kinks out, but were -- you know, that's kind of a preservation plus for the visitor, because they don't have to understand well what was the historic road network? because we just tell them it's the same. it hasn't changed. and then the markering system will clue them in to where missing components are. there were two cabins sitting here. and this would be the point where johnston established his first field headquarters once he enters this portion of the battlefield on the morning of april 6th. so he would have been able to look down the avenue here, see his troop

then the commanding general then gave that power to other people, to suspend the writ. well, about a month later union military authorities had retaken baltimore, they had secured the areas, they rebuilt the burned-out bridges. and they decided to arrest one of the people who was involved in the burning out of the railroad bridges. and the person they selected was none other than john merriman. the guy who offered to slaughter his cattle and feed the soldiers and led an expedition following them, burning out bridges, so they couldn't return. and this is john merriman's home, and it as country club today. and it is a beautiful place. if you ever drive up route 83 north of baltimore you can see it from the highway. if you decide to walk around, don't wear jeans when you go. it is a beautiful home. at 2:00 in the morning on may 25, 1861, soldiers went to this home and broke in and found merriman and rouses him from his sleep. and they took him to ft. mchenry on baltimore harbor. this is it here. it is famous because the star spangled banner was written there during the war

the commandant has recently, since he's taken over as the commandant, general amos has revamped the transition assistance program from the active component, and he has various aspects. used to be it would be bring the marines together for a couple of days. give them some fast and furious education and training, and then they'd be out the door. now there's a couple times in their transition, a year before they get out, right before they get out, and then all of this information is put on the web so that they can get access to it for that legendary marine who wants to get out and go surfing in mexico four months before he wants to get a job or go to school. in the meantime, along that, there are four track tracts provided. one is a trade skill tract, if they're going to go to school for a trade school, a business tract, if they want to get into business or if they want to start a business. there's a entrepreneurial tract. with regard to the reserves, we have room for them in our 396 with our latitude. we do do see the individual ready reserve increasing. right now we're about 57,000. an estimate

next we'll have general joseph dunford, the assistant commandant of the united states marine corps. welcome, general. >> madam chair, ranking member ayotte, members of the subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity to represent your marines this morning. i'd like to begin by just making a few key observations regarding our current and future readiness. today of the 197,000 marines on active duty and the 39,000 selected marine corps reserve, 26,000 are forward deployed. 18,000 of those are in afghanistan. our number-one priority is assuring that our forward deployed forces are well-manned, trained, and equipped. and as a result of your support, i can assure you that those marines and sailors that are forward deployed are at the highest state of readiness. but our forward deployed units have personnel and equipment requirements that exceed standard allowances. the additional equipment is due to the nature of the fight in afghanistan and the very distributed nature of operations. the additional personnel required to support staffs and trainers for afghan security forces. we meet these

of the air force reserve command. i appreciate this committee' enduring support of our airmen and stand ready for your questions. thank you. >> thank you very much. during your tenure as chief of the army reserve, you were called upon to transform from strategic to operational. can you give us an update on where you are at this moment. how do you think the operational reserve can be used in afghanistan. >> yes, sir. >> coming into this job six years ago, which i planned to stay for four, that was really the task at hand. how to transfer to an operational footing and put them on a rotational basis. and do that while trying to fight a war on two fronts. i can report to you today, sir. that that has been a success. during iaf and oaf, we have mobilized over 200,000 of our soldiers and put them into support missions both in iraq, afghanistan and here at home. we kept on active duty soldiers every day since the inception. those soldiers are doing critical missions. i say our force is indespensable because we are what we cal

in the post vietnam days and i know what a hollow force is because i was a platoon commander in a hollow force and i will tell you the number one thing that keeps me awake at night is being part of anything that would cause the united states marine corps to look like it did in the 70s as opposed to 2012. that's what keeps me awake at night. >> thank you, general. >> senator, what i focus a lot of my attention on is balancing the present versus the future. in that those future capabilities that the united states navy and marine corps will need going forward as we face increasing competition and antiaccess aerial denial he can it nolgs and nation that is develop technologies and capabilities trying to thwart our ability to operate from the sea. so that future balance investment has to be weighed against maintaining the current readiness of the force as we operate it. what you saw in our budget do is we reduced force structure. we took out older assets to make available those assets. we looked at our other investment accounts and made critical investments in the capabilities we

more importantly how do you remind troops that they have an image and standards to uphold when the commander in chief has not responsibly laid out why they're still going to be there to what end the waltzer and out of this is say that there isn't a talk to be had with the commanders with the troops that a breakdown in leadership and discipline is not is a contributing factor to what's been going on well it's not brush over the obvious let's not ignore the fact that these troops have been overstretched over deployed all the command of the president and the military leadership who have not made their case for why. time for happy hour and joining me this evening are matt and peter's latke co-founders of double speak media guys. good to be very cold oh you got to show the viewers in case people didn't you know watch when you guys used to come on the show all the time because now you know years one of us in new york it was our own sad. but we still have a whole little special segment called the topic ha just for old time's sake great way on where you got there. or is it is still there are parents

but now that is being denied by the outside command. >> the one thing they both agree on is they are observing the cease-fire. how far can we go to verify that that is the case? >> well, frankly, it's a very relative business. i mean, we've been attacked and attacks carried out by the f.s.a., which essentially had nothing to do with protecting civilians, but basically a campaign against government forces. yesterday, wednesday, the government staged 25 funerals of military people killed in combat. the previous day, 21 killed, or 21 military funerals carried over from the deaths of the previous day. so, official security forces are being killed in quite large numbers by rebel fighters, presumably linked to the f.s.a., the free syrian army, so there's a lot of hostilities going on in different parts of the country. the f.s.a. is clearly engaged in them. >> jim, thanks very much for that clarification of the situation regarding the free syrian army. we'll cross that through the course of the day. our correspondent, paul wood, has actually been working undercover over the course of the la

the united states. that's certainly within his purview as commander in chief. several days where -- first of all, he did a great job in ordering the killing of bin laden. i know people in the situation room, and i know the tough decision he had to make and i give him full credit for that. i don't think it was right to put out campaign commercials being critical of governor romney and that was politicizing an historic event and i can't picture eisenhower doing that and truman doing it. to me, it was a wrong thing to do, any also if we can get into that and you just had jose rodriguez on. you can say that he was able to have bin laden killed because of intelligence obtained in the previous administration. all of that, though, to me should not be the topic. he's entitled to mention the killing of bin laden, but to dwell on it the way he's done i think is a mistake, but having said that, his visit to afghanistan is perfectly right, and i applaud him for doing it. >> who's right and based on everything you know and you may not have access to all of the intelligence

the troops. eisenhower was perfect for commanding a volunteer army. e was not part of the army hierarchy, the army aristocracy as macarthur was. they were both brilliant but in parallel ways. >> rose: my impression of eisenhower is that, you know, he ultimately was viewed as someone whose whose abilities had to do with understanding personality relationships but beneath the surface of like david eisenhower was ambition, was talent, and was a real sense of how he could achieve all of his ambition. >> well, yes, eisenhower, eisenhower worked a seven-day week from the time he graduated from west point. and he was focused, he was able, he was intel intelligent and had a very good command of the language. macarthur's speeches were written by eisenhower. and he had a marvelous command of the english language. and was very critical of staff members who weren't. and h he also knew how to get along with people, he knew how to get along with macarthur which was not easy. he knew how to get along with general marshall. and later, of course, with de gaulle and chu

more importantly how do you remind troops that they have an image and standards to uphold when the commander in chief has not responsibly laid out why they're still going to be there to what end the waltzer and out of this is to say that there isn't a talk to be had with the commanders with the troops that a breakdown in leadership and discipline is not is a contributing factor to what's been going on but it's not brushed over the obvious let's not ignore the fact that these troops have been overstretched over deployed all the command of the president and the military leadership who have not made their case for why. ok it's for a happy hour and joining me this evening archie web producer andrew blake and jim hansen retired special operations master sergeant and military blogger at black net thanks for joining me gentlemen my pleasure to. do this yeah friday oh yes that is some really sad news today for music fans we lost a beastie boy take a look. reports just coming in that beastie boys band member adam yoke has died he had been battling cancer for years the beastie boys are widely consider

the u.s. and taliban commander, that is this auj he not in carrying out this rain. also. that's what is contributing and driving the sense of war fatigue and war on ease. this agreement does lock these two nations together. essentially, we're engaged to be engaged all the way to 24. the trajectory of success or lack thereof winds to mere 48-hour assessment of this let me just show that. you're not going to. the. we've gotten involved in urinating in dead soldiers on the other side, or we is a the. what's to stop those instances from occurring on a nearly basis for the next ten years at every to light a den denominator, if you will, for a real. there was after. we're still on a pacific timeline. nn wub from a u.s. league to an afghan league in the so the footprint in the united states is going to be much smaller militarily, so let's go by the numbers. the types of forces we're going to have there are going to be counterterrorism, more of the elite group of folks, number one. and number two, you're just not going to see in -- hundreds of united states toorps overly. they've

professor neely will speak first, and he'll address the topic the sources of statesmanship and command strategy in abraham lincoln's life. william j. cooper's presentation is entitled jefferson davis as war leader. professor cooper has been the professor at louisiana state university for over four decades. no one has more penetratingly examined the life of jefferson davis or his role as president and commander in chief of the confederate states of america. his 2001 book "jefferson davis: american" has been called one of the most enigmatic figures in our nation's history. professor coop er's balanced ye corrective interpretation recognizes davis' intimate engagement in the military and diplomatic decisions of the confederacy as well as capturing the irony of a chief executive who interpreted the constitution as strictly limiting federal authority but was forced by the war to create a powerful centralized confederate government. professor cooper's 2008 masterpiece "jefferson davis in the civil war era" solidified further his reputation as the foremost scholar of the confederate president

battle opened up when combat patrol sent out by every peabody on the command, major james powell. three companies of the 25th missouri and two companies of the 12th mission infantry participated in the first fighting in the battle of shiloh out in the field, and the first known participant of the battle named, recorded as wounded, was a frederic klingler of the 25th missouri infantry. this is klingler's sword, and the metal components of the associated scabber and this has a inscription on it. the bearer of this sword, f.j. klingler, lieutenant, company b, infantry, was the first officer wounded sunday morning. 4:45 would have been a.m. in the battle of shiloh and remained 2.5 days on the battlefield. so this is klingler's sword that he would have carried with him in the combat, and then subsequently retained and it would be inscribed. this is one of the newest pieces of the park collection donated to the park. i hope to get this on permanent display soon, because it's so -- iconic with a very prominent part of the shiloh story. the opening of the battle, and to have it returned he

so the commander at ft. henry at the time, he's looking at the army moving around his rear and he's looking at the gun boats. he's looking at the water and says, i'm out of here. he sends his guys to ft. donelson. so, leaving behind the skeleton crew of the heavy batteries to hold off the union. yeah, i don't know how to explain why they chose that site. any site along that stretch of the river, go a mile up, mile south, any position would have been better than that one. even today if you go out there, since the dam was built in '33-'34, under tennessee valley authority, it's under about 20 feet of water. and i'm not sure there's much of anything left under it. the existing photos from 1932 had a picture of an old man. and the fort was -- the fort wall, fort north wall of ft. henry was probably about three feet high when they were originally 10 to 20 feet high. it's been eroded by that time. now being under water and the sediment and all that, i can't imagine anything's left of it. unfortunately. it would be

the first one is command wire. there's someone sitting at the end of this wire and they stretch it out, it could go for about 100 meters. at the end of it is an ied and at the time of the choice they initiate the ied. >> push the button and an electric circuit and you've got a detonator? >> what we saw a lot of in iraq is the radio-controlled ied. very simple cell phone, key fab, improvised device. and easily hidden, but all they have to do there is press a button and it completes a circuit and initiates the ied. again, 50 to 100 meters range. what we're seeing most prevalent in afghanistan is the pressure blade. and this is representative of the type we see, very simple, very crude, but very effective. as a low metal content as they can make them. as you can see when simple pressure is applied, completes a circuit and detonates the blasting cap. >> and low metal content makes it very, very hard to detect with any sort of clearing device you have. >> absolutely. so with all of these you have a switch, you have a pow