as the f.d.a.'s false information about the tomatoes implicated in the food borne illness outbreak illustrates, when there is false information out there, the industry suffers. when there is food-borne illness out there, consumer confidence is eroded. both of those outcomes are unacceptable. there's a need for both sides to come together on this. i'm proud this is a bipartisan effort. i would highlight some issues, though that need additional work as this move into the senate. most importantly, the quarantine and traceability issues need further work. as well, the work that is done by our state and local departments of health and departments of agriculture. they are delegated 80% of f.d.a.'s authority to implement most of this bill and the other responsibilities of f.d.a. they must have better coordination and cooperation from the f.d.a. in implementing this legislation as well as the rest of the food safety mandates already in the law. but overall, it is important that this nation move forward with

the f.d.a. and the department of health and human services. i'm pediatrician and until recently a couple of months ago, the health commissioner of baltimore city. i thank you for the opportunity to discuss the important health issue of eakt use in animals. in my testimony i will provide background information on anti-antibiotic resistance and discuss the involvement of the task force and set up a framework for helping the antibiotics in animals. i'll discuss what is under legislation. >> anti-micronal agents have been used for more than 50 years for tremendous benefit to animals and human health. many diseases are treatable and preventable now. must use and overuse of the drugs contradict to a raped development of resistance. after several decades of the use, we see and continue to see the emergence of multi-drug resistant path jens which are less responsive to therapy. oftentimes, the infections with those path jens are more search, more likely to cause hospitalizations. and they're emerging due

on page 23 the bill directs f.d.a. to spend its registration fees on food safety activities. the bill explicitly provides that food safety activities include conducting inspections. this money will be diverted from inspection and protection of the american people and will not be available for the activities of food and drug. it might give relief to somebody and it might even be somebody that needs relief. but there's no standards whatsoever given as to who will get the money, how it will be spent, on what and for what purposes. the bill requires the f.d.a. to adhere to a rigorous mandatory inspection schedule based on risk. this bill does nothing to enhance that but takes money away from the protection of the american consumer by having proper inspections at point of entry or inspections in other countries. that is a bad situation and one which is going to seriously hurt the safety of the american public. the bill is carefully crafted to assure that the american food and drug administration will protect american consume

the f.d.a. e department of health and human services. i'm pediatrician and until recently a couple of months ago, the health commissioner of baltimore city. i thank you for the opportunity to discuss the important health issue of eakt use in animals. in my testimony i will provide background information on anti-antibiotic resistance and discuss the involvement of the task force and set up a framework for helping the antibiotics in animals. i'll discuss what is under legislation. >> anti-micronal agents have been used for more than 50 years for tremendous benefit to animals and human health. many diseases are treatable and preventable now. must use and overuse of the drugs contradict to a raped development of resistance. after several decades of the use, we see and continue to see the emergence of multi-drug resistant path jens which are less responsive to therapy. oftentimes, the infections with those path jens are more search, more likely to cause hospitalizations. and they're emerging due to th

now the f.d.a. ndards. >> polluted waters of the chesapeake bay becoming more dangerous to you. >> hd doppler shows a thunderstorm moving through southern maryland. it is developing along a >>? tonight's medical alert, health experts say they have found biological factors that show african-americans are more likely to die from certain cancers. researchers at loyola university followed more than 19,000 cancer patients who all had the same access to care, and they found african-americans were more likely from breast, ovarian and other cancers. >> surgeons at johns-hopkins hospital lead the first 16-patient multicenter kidney transplant. the operations took place here, st. louis, oklahoma city and detroit. doctors performed 16 surgeries over a three-week period. they took kidneys from eight donors and matched them with eight patients who needed kidneys. a kidney swap program could help ease the shortage of transplant organs. >> we think that in the future this is the paradigm that is going to be used wh

but the f.d.a. uses a hazard analysis critical control point risk-based system that has worked very, very well. but now under this we're having the usda get into the catfish inspection program which probably is not -- well, it's not just -- just not going to be as effective as the f.d.a. program. the chinese began to grow and export a catfish to the united states call -- to the united states and meanwhile the vietnamese started growing something and these species are very different, just like a human being is different from a baboon, so are these two different types of fish. but what is happening now, the domestic catfish industry is pushing the usda to adopt a broad definition of catfish beyond the chinese include the vietnamese and i know you got all of that because i did too, the first time. and the concern that i have is that the usda really does not have the expertise to broaden their mission, to start making definitions on a different type fish than what the farm bill asks them to look into. so

proponents say it will help protect people from illnesses caused by food and give the f.d.a. the power to recall contaminated food. it now heads to the senate. >> much of the controversial surrounding mayor dixon revolves around cash used to pay a large shopping bill and source. i-team lead investigative reporter jayne miller explains where the money allegedly came from. i apologize. that is the wrong video. we will switch to stan. instead i will take over this one one. anne arundel county people are asking for your help for a man responsible for a burglary. >> authorities say a man -- no picture. he broke into a -- there it is. he broke into the sunoco station in the 1400 block of annapolis road after 1:30 in the morning last wednesday. if you have information on who he is or where he may be you are asked to call 1-866-7-lockup. a group is calling on howard and carroll county officials to make route 32 safer. the group says thousands of cars travel that stretch of highway from i-70 to the howard county line and more needs to be done to insure safety and prevent future tragedi

the usda. a recent example of f.d.a.'s unwillingness to access the expertise of the usda was demonstrated this week involving another bill, h.r. 1549, that would restrict, eliminate, the use of animal antibiotics. it would institute a ban on nontherapeutic uses ever antibiotics which is another ill-conceived concept and very -- that's a very complex issue. yet we learn today that no consultation by f.d.a. has occurred with usda. in a hearing earlier this week, before the house rules committee, the f.d.a. suddenly shifted its course and supported this ban. no new research or scientific analysis was presented, and again apparently no consultation with usda. so much for collaborating with the department of agriculture. mr. speaker, we must stop rushing legislation through congress without careful, thoughtful, and complete consideration. congress rarely gets things right when we have ample time to properly consider policy changes. but it never makes good decisions when rushed to arbitrary timetables. h.r. 2749 needs to be ref

senate is about to take up a bill upping the f.d.a.'s bget bylmost $300 billion. much of that increase uld go to food saty efforts. >> susieit may be july, but for the nation's railers, christmas is just arnd the corner. today, kodak saithe retailers itorks with think this holiday shopping season wi be much better tn last. kodak's c.e.o. anton perez says those samretailers believe the just-wrappedecond arter will be the low point for theconomic downturn. but perez remains cautious aad of the holiday and jeff, he also noted lf of kodas annual consumer sales me after october 15. >> jf: susie, last year, kodak's fourth-qrter sales fell balmost a third. now, lets see what was on sa on wall street as we take a ok at our stocks the news tonigh >> susie: another big to parts supplier filed forankruptcy toy-- this time, it's lear. its biggescustomers are generamotors and ford. the company hopes r a quick bankruptcy, helped along by support from its bondholdersnd lenders,ncluding billionaire carl icahn. lear has been ruggling for months to stay aflt during the storm ffeting

there's no reason in the world for that except that the f.d.a. e important thing feeding carcasses to animals. i'm not a vegetarian. i don't have that kind of will power, i guess. but that single thing is so important to me. that's really one of the reason that we wanted the f.d.a. to pay for attention. thank you so much. i can't thank you enough. we want to tell the whole world where to go to have lunch. >> thank you, again to the chair for holding these hearings and using your expertise to inform us. thank you to the both of you for your fascinating testimony. for taking the risks in your own business to do the right thing. and why -- by doing so to be an example for overpb in business to use the excuse, well, i couldn't possibly make money by doing that. not only are you keeping your customers healthier and happier , you have also proven that you you can be successful. this seems like a problem that should be simple to solve. scientificically. we heard it over and over again that we would be better off if we reduce the use of antibiotics. it's

slaughter's bill and the act would require the f.d.a. to review the drugs in those class that is are used both in human and animal medicine. if they cannot prove get them off the market. the bill is supported by the american medical association, the american nurses association, the american academy of pediatrics and the fin fexuous diseases of america and other medical organizations. git getting the antibiotics off the market would preserve the efficacy of the drugs for both humans and animals. in the words of the new england journal of medicine, it is time to stop it way past its prime. >> thank you. >> and would you make sure your mic is on. >> my name is lance price. i'm a microbial gist and have 15 years of research experience and training at public health. i am lower to present testimony to support the preservation of antibiotics for medical treatment act. antibiotics have saved countless lives. they save lives by preventing bacteria. however, it creates resistance. when they'red a stered at low doses, a practice common in animals yo

. >> reporter: in 2008, the f.d.a. reported 43 propofol-related deaths. he previous decade, there were an average of just 22 deaths per year. even before michael jackson's death, the government was considering making propofol a controlled substance, meaning every milligram of the drug would be tracked and a record made of everyone getting it. and now with the added attention tighter controls are likely an unexpected addition to michael jackson's legacy. ben tracy, cbs news, los angeles. >> couric: in sports tonight, international swimming regulators have banned those high-tech bodysuits from professional and olympic meets. the suits are made from materials that create less resistance in the water. swimmers shattered 108 world records last year, 30 more so far this year. and still ahead, some of you met them three decades ago. up next, we'll take you to a family reunion. i'm lindy. and i'm joni. we've been best friends since we were two. we've always been alike. we even both have osteoporosis. but we're active. especially when we vacation. so when i heard a

the fiscal year 2010 agricultural f.d.a. appropriations bill provides for almost $23 billion in funding, 11% increase over 2009 levels and vast majority of which went toward three program areas. the w.i.c. program, f.d.a. and international food aid. in order to make important investments to use the resources available, the bill proposes a number of cuts totaling more than $735 million. to protect the public health, the bill provides a substantial increase for the food and drug administration to support a total discretionary funding level of almost $3 billion or 15% increase, almost 373 million. that is to hire additional inspectors and conduct inspections of foreign and domestic food and medical products. and many of us know, the f.d.a. has been underfunded for far too long. this is not only a matter of public health and consumer safety, but a matter of national and economic security. not all of the dangers that are threatening health can be found in airports, border check points or harbor containers. sometimes they lurk in o

and the deputy commissioner of the f.d.a., the chair of antibuy yotucks committee. thanks to you all. thanks very much to you. and this committee is adjourned. >> no president obama on health care. he talked about the urgency or passing a comprehensive bill that will reduce costs and not add to the deficit. his remarks came at the white house following the passage of legislation by two key house committee's. this is about 10 minutes. good afternoon. i realize that washington is often focused on the 24 hour news cycle. instead of the longview. and i know that there's a good deal of that going on right now when it comes to health care. so i wanted everybody to step back for a moment, and look at the unprecedented progress that we have already made on reform that will finally lower-cost, guarantee coverage, and provide more choice. over the last several weeks we have forged a level of consensus around health insurance reform that we have never seen before in this country. in may, we were able to bring together health care providers around an agreement to do their part

the hope. >> hi, julie, it will come hopefully as better loans coming up. f.d.a. aying it will do everything it can to the mom and pop businesses saying they're getting nothing, but rejections at this point, leaving many saying, can't we all just get a loan? small businesses like the cleaner in new york city applied seven times for this type of loan and repeatedly has been turned down and that kind of pushback left many small business owners doing everything they can to stay afloat. another local entrepreneur who owns a delight frozen dessert store has been leaning on credit cards to get through the tough times. >> it doesn't make sense to deny somebody who is current, who's paying off their loan and wants to consolidate in order to get a little debt relief. >> i just feel that the f.d.a. lenders are giving them parameters that-- >> last month, banks across america began taking applications for the of recovery program known as arc. 30,000 interest free, but for many, it's too little, too late. critics say it's time to tweak the rules for businesses so they cannot o

. >> the f.d.a. will say to you, is this safe? >> renowned biologist says the stem cells are already being used to research new drugs. but he agrees, treating patients is years away. among the hurdles, effectively transplanting the newly created cells. >> the cells for blood disease is eeasy, but for parkinson's, it's difficult. it depends on the disease. >> they have spent $100 million and are still waiting for a financial reward. but if they meet expectations, we all stand to benefit. >> that was david lee miller reporting. >> we're going to talk about the electric slide at a wedding. >> you've never heard of that? they do it at every wedding. >> they throw the rice, rose petals. >> what we talk being next? >> the bride slide. we'll talk about that coming up. >> during the break, i want to show you the electric slide. and jeep dealer, and get up to double the government's cash for your old car. now get up to $4,500 for your old car... plus, up to an additional $4,500 cash allowance. no turn-in? no problem. your dodge, chrysler, a

the idea of that legislation is to beef up the f.d.a. to improve our capacity to prevent food safety problems. as we all know, the tragedy that happened in georgia where the information didn't get to the right people, where inspectors had come in, or not enough inspectors had come in. the information didn't get up the food chain, so to say. no one knew what was going on, that there were violations at this plant and 13 people died. that has to change. twaoef kpwaouf our capacity to detect and -- we have to improve our capacity to detect and respond. we also have in this pw*eul ways to enhance the u.s. food defense capabilities and to increase f.d.a. resources. we've seen recently the problem with the refrigerated cookie dough manufactured by nestle, so we know this problem has not ended. and it continues on and on and on. madam president, i'm urging the senate to take action, first of all, on the food safety modernization act of 2009, a bipartisan bill to give the f.d.a. more tools to do what it does. we already see in the department of ag

and in a rather radical position, which i think the bush administration overreached, argued that the f.d.a approval of the drug label negated and preempted the rights of people to bring claims for negligence and the drug company's failure to warn. so there was a special, you know, difficulty, as both -- all of the folks up here can attest. when you go up against the government, it is one thing. when you go up against the government with industry and changing position, there's a special dynamic at play. we were quite concerned because the government had never lost a case on implied preemption in which it asserted that there was preemption through a governmental action. so looking forward, one of the things i think will be very interesting is to see to what extent the obama administration in carefully reassessing the preemption position taken by the bush administration will hew to the line that the bush administration took or to reassess and evaluate in light of the changed circumstances, changed policies, how far a preemption should properly go. there's no doubt that there is room for feder

and in a rather radical position, which i think the bush administration overreached, argued that the f.d.ae drug label negated and preempted the rights of people to bring claims for negligence and the drug company's failure to warn. so there was a special, you know, difficulty, as both -- all of the folks up here can attest. when you go up against the government, it is one thing. when you go up against the government with industry and changing position, there's a special dynamic at play. we were quite concerned because the government had never lost a case on implied preemption in which it asserted that there was preemption through a governmental action. so looking forward, one of the things i think will be very interesting is to see to what extent the obama administration in carefully reassessing the preemption position taken by the bush administration will hew to the line that the bush administration took or to reassess and evaluate in light of the changed circumstances, changed policies, how far a preemption should properly go. there's no doubt that there is room for federal sprem sy. wh

question on health care is instead of delowing so many dollars into fixing whatever is going on, why is the f.d.at protecting us? we've got flower yide in our water that's not naturally found in our bodies, that is not good for our bodies. water is one of the most essential thing that is our bodies need. they're putting mercury in the fillings and the shots. these are causing the kids to have neurological damages, a.d.d., adhd. yes, they've decreased the amount of mercury in the shots but they've increased the number of shots. so hello, look at all these disorders coming up out of no where. and most of these that are coming up, i've been a nurse for 30 years, and i've watched this stuff happen, step by step by step. host: thanks toor your call. matt, you get the last word. guest: if you wear a tin foil hat, the water will not botser you at all. host: all right. we'll leave it there. thank you for being on the program. we are going to take a short brack break. when we come back, give us a call. the rate of job loss has slowed considerably, fortunately, since the president has been in office. but i

bottled water is regulated by the f.d.a. and with tap water, the e.p.a.ed laboratories and they have to report that to the public. dave: what about this? >> there are standards but they are not required to use certified laboratories and not required to report to have the public. every year people get it's called consumer confidence report. your municipal water system has to send that to you. it has to report all the contaminants that are in there. we looked at 25 of them and 22 out of the 25 they had problems with led or ee.coli or chlorine. in fact, some of the samples from boston had 345 times the led limit. brian: what bottle was this? >> that was in municipal tap water. brian: you are saying in that case tap was bad but we tested and knew it. >> right. that's what consumers should do is they can get a copy of this consumer confidence report. we can tell you how to analyze it and if you have a problem in your area, you can actually use a filter. filters are cheaper than bottled waters. brian: i'm anti-e.coli and so is dave. we are going to stay away fr

the e.u. is getting close to signing an f.d.a. the real risk is while we kind of can't get -- the trade agreements are stalled, the rest of the world moves forward. there's over 300 agreements out there that exclude the united states. are we going to wake up and see the u.s. trade leadership gone? i think the obama administration as it indicated good intention but the question is, what is the time frame and how do you prioritize? >> [question inaudible] >> i think they have a better sense that he's more open towards trade than was indicated in the campaign. i guess it's hard to get a sense. and i think they would share this about what priority it is in terms of an agenda. other question? that said, thank you all for coming. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2009] >> in a few moments, your calls and comments live on "washington journal" then a discussion on iraq with a former c.i.a. intelligence officer. and after that, experts on what president obama can learn

the f.d.a. he treatment of the zero animals according to veterinary practice with the better and gary kline and patient relationship. the use of antimicrobial in an animal agriculture requires a strong commitment to research including monitoring, studying the ideologies of the causes, the use of antimicrobial in agriculture and assessing risk in difference settings and by riding strategies to support science based risk-management policy. and a brief mention some of the things going on an fda with respect to antimicrobial drug and seattle. first of the risk assessment methodology guidance 152 during the new animal drug evaluation progress to quantify the use of antimicrobial in animals. it conducts research to understand the resistance and what regulatory decisions to reach out to all stakeholders on all sides or to assess the information and between the human health consequences using the national antimicrobial monitoring system broke it ceased to take advantage of the expertise and resources of

but the american consumer cannot access the same f.d.a.pproved drug sold in every other country of the world, vitter lit every other industrial country, at a fraction of the price the american consumer is charged. why when we hear these critics come to the floor on health care issues, do we not hear them suggest, here's an area where we could substantially cut costs? give the american american the y everybody else has and that is to shop for these tp*d-approved drugs in areas where you see much lower prices. the pharmaceutical industry will say if you aloe the -- allow the american people to do that and if we can't charge the highest prices to the american people for prescription drugs, we won't have the money to do our research to find new drugs. that's not really true, is it? the fact is the pharmaceutical industry spends more money on research from europe than they do in the united states, and in virtually every european country the european consumers get to pay less money for the same drugs the american consumers are now charged. well,

question on health care is instead of delowing so many dollars into fixing whatever is going on, why is the f.d.at protecting us? we've got flower yide in our water that's not naturally found in our bodies, that is not good for our bodies. water is one of the most essential thing that is our bodies need. they're putting mercury in the fillings and the shots. these are causing the kids to have neurological damages, a.d.d., adhd. yes, they've decreased the amount of mercury in the shots but they've increased the number of shots. so hello, look at all these disorders coming up out of no where. and most of these that are coming up, i've been a nurse for 30 years, and i've watched this stuff happen, step by step by step. host: thanks toor your call. matt, you get the last word. guest: if you wear a tin foil hat, the water will not suggests it was designed not to deal with the kinds of threats that we have in the modern-day world. we are going to explore this issue from a variety of perspectives. we are going to start with a keynote by franzen townsend. fran has a stronger background is anybody possibl

the idea that they will be funneled over to f.d.a. one point. and people on the street, a couple of folks are visiting in new york and i didn't get your-- >> evelyn. >> evelyn. what do you think of the idea of tarp funds used for sba loans? >> tarp, it would be nice if they used the tarp and the money got to where it was supposed to go. i think the easier way for them to solve the problem, reduce the taxes and the onerous rules and regulations at that they have, it eats you up alive to have to pay for accountants and lawyers it to navigate our way through all of this mess. >> you're a former small business owner yourself. what did you own? >> at one time i owned a hardware store and paint store and from that i was in the early '80s, we didn't bankrupt. we closed up. i developed low income housing at that point only thing available and possibly could make a few dollars and then we kept that up and we just retired a few months ago. >> reporter: congratulations. would you use money that was-- that came from tarp if you needed it in a small business?

f.d.a. approved. al this is the lash lengthening treatment.cine that was used for glaucoma to lower eye pressure and unanticipated, but very desirable side effect was that the lashes got longer, darker, thicker and so latisse is approved as a length lenningening treatment. there are other competitors and now, these two products have the active ingredient, so these have medications in them. and these-- >> over-the-counter? >> they are over-the-counter. >> they are. >> that's why it's important for people who are self-selecting a product to understand the side effects that can happen. when you go for latisse, you and your doctor will decide if it's for you, and discuss the side effects. if you select one of these. it can cause curling of the lashes desirable if it's in the direction you like and it could be permanent and also could be not in the direction you like. and eye liner, you might not want-- >> which do you recommend. >> i recommend you discuss with your doctor and understand the risks because if you have blue eyes like you do, beautifu

the therapy as a possible treatment for traumatic brain injury known as t.b.i. hbot uses a chamber to administer oxygen in particular dosages for a variety of already f.d.a.-approved treatments. many of which provide remarkable benefits to our injured veterans. the oxygen acts as a catalyst in healing wounds which often fail to respond to other medical and surgical procedures and usually lack the blood circulation and blood oxygen levels necessary to heal. these treatments include but are not limited to treating nonhealing diabetic foot wounds, advancing healing for crushed injures such as gunshot wounds, falls and vehicle accidents, support for individuals suffering from exceptional blood loss and advanced assistance in reconstructive complex wounds. which require the transferring of tissues from one part of the body to another. hbot frequently saves a veteran from an expensive, painful, life-altering and potentially life-threatening amputation of an arm, a leg or a foot. this therapy has been extremely impressive and i look forward to hearing the v.a.'s report on its current and planned use of hyperbaric therapy in its medical facilities. since 2006, i'

providing that this is the best estimate contains some degree of accuracy, it is important for us to also recognize that many of these same antidepressants are strongly urged by f.d.a. with a warning label that young adults age 18 to 24 years of age may be at an elevated risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior while using this medication. in other words, the age group that is vulnerable to an adverse reaction for potential suicide is 18 to 24. and 41% of our military force serving on the front lines in afghanistan and iraq fall within that age group. while keeping this warning label in mind is imperative that my colleagues understand that nearly 40% of army suicide victims in 2006 and 2007 are believed to have taken some type of antidepressant drugs. an overwhelming number are using ssri's. the number of army suicides each month are outpacing each preceding month. the class of antidepressants, the ssri's, unlike most earlier classes of psychiatric medications in that they work from their inception specifically designed to be used as antidepressants. that is they were engineered to target a particular process in the brain that plays a significant role in depression or

f.d.a. approval process for biologic generic equivalent that enables generic drugs to compete against the brand name counterparts. we have seen the money you can save when you go to a interest for a typical drug with a generic substitute. it is the same drug with the same active ingredients. a physician will encourage a patient to buy the generic equivalent. that's true for the chemical drugs that we've had for many, many years. it's not true for the biologics. there is no pathway allowed for generics to compete against the biologics. absent that process, there is no free market exerting downward pressure on biologic prices. so prices remain high as $20,000 or $7,000 or $8,000 a month for some of these biologics. that's the problem in a nutshell. this is all talking public policy up here. but behind, it underneath it lie -- are the lives of hundreds of thousands of americans. the situations in which americans can't afford treatments that prevent disabilitiy and in some cases prevent death. early this year ohio representatives from the arthritis foundation visited my office to talk about soaring

the f.d.a. etter access to food producers and manufacturers without having to wait for an outbreak of food borne illness. the bill provides strong, flexible enforcement tools and importantly, it strengthens penalties imposed on food facility this is a fail to comply with safety requirements. we require food facilities to have safety plans in place to identify and mitigate hazards, one of the best ways to make an immediate improvement to food safety. . the bill before us is bipartisan. it's worth noting the bill was approved by the energy and commerce committee back on june 17 by voice vote. that's how broad the support was. and we know this bill enjoys a lot of support from all members. it received 280 votes yesterday, including 50 republican votes that i'm happy to have and very confident that the bill will enjoy the same level of support today. i ask unanimous consent, mr. chairman, to enter a copy of an editorial from today's "new york times" into the record. the speaker pro tempore: without o

the f.d.a. funding is in this bill, and we've negotiated an amendment with the proper authorizing committee. so with that, mr. president, i would ask unanimous consent to set aside the pending amendment to call up amendment number 2229 and ask for its immediate consideration. the presiding officer: without objection, the clerk will report. the clerk: the senator from kansas, mr. brownback, proposes an amendment numbered 2229 to amendment number 1908. mr. brownback: mr. president, i ask that further reading of the amendment be dispensed with. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. brownback: thank youvestment mr. president and colleagues, this amendment goes at a critical problem in the world, and within that we hold the key to answering. there is a lot of work that needs to be done on disease, treatment, and drug development. unfortunately, what we've seen taking place is the cost of developing a pharmaceutical product to treat particular diseases continues to go up and up and up into in s