after the german advance which stopped in the last few daze of december, the germans were noticed to ng in which indicated they did not intend to continue attacking. >> the bulge would bulge no further. hitler had again misjudged the capacity of the american soldier. >> translator: my last rank in the german army was that of a general of the cavalry. from the beginning of september 1944 until may 1945, i was command of the general staff of commander and chief west. hitler had a vast and extensive technical military knowledge, but he was a fanatic. and fanatics are known for their disability to keep a cool head. this is an absolute necessity for the strategist. at the sat time, hitler was not inclined to consider the enemy capable of fast action. he was and remained a military dilly tant. >> the cost to germany would be staggering. more than a quarter of a million men dead wounded or captured. slowly and painfully, the remnants retreated behind their shattered western defenses. it was the beginning of the end. by the 3rd of february the 84th division had moved back to their positions o

targeted by the germans. obviously this is going to lead to an uptick in resistance and policies become more violent and savage towards the soviet people. my interpretation is that this change in behavior was based on how the germans appreciated the war. now they had to fear civilians because of this red army counter-ooffensive. the germ want army was going to disintegrate and everything becomes a battle. the whole area is a combat area and everyone is treated as such. the germans master this crisis. they survive this winter crisis, partly because the soviets aren't well enough equipped, organized, trained, or lead to completely destroyer the germans. so the soviet union is in the mud period as the winter snow melts and everything stops. during this period, the german high command realize that what has happened is that the german army is -- can defeat the soviet union in a massive campaign. so the shift their offensive forces to the south. what we see in the north where i'm looking, they're told to go over to

after the german advance which stopped in the last few daze of december, the germans were noticed to be digging in, which indicated they did not intend to continue attacking. >> the bulge would bulge no further. hitler had again misjudged the capacity of the american soldier. >> translator: my last rank in the german army was that of a general of the cavalry. from the beginning of september 1944 until may 1945, i was command of the general staff of commander and chief west. hitler had a vast and extensive technical military knowledge, but he was a fanatic. and fanatics are known for their disability to keep a cool head. this is an absolute necessity for the strategist. at the sat time, hitler was not inclined to consider the enemy capable of fast action. he was and remained a military dilly tant. >> the cost to germany would be staggering. more than a quarter of a million men dead, wounded or captured. slowly and painfully, the remnants retreated behind their shattered western defenses. it was the beginning of the end. by the 3rd of february, the 84th division had moved back to their

the german chancellor in london. we are going to speak to one of her key advisors in an exclusive interview. good morning, welcome. you are watching "the pulse." i'm guy johnson. >> and i'm francine lacqua. let's begin with europe's deflation by lemma. consumer prices for the eurozone are at the top of the next hour. our international correspondent hans nichols, joins us now with more from berlin. it looks like draghi's case for quantitative easing will be bolstered. >> that's what we expect. if inflation does come in at -0.1% draghi is going to have another argument for why he needs to start purchasing government bonds. on friday, we get consumer confidence. this is more the german case, the german theory of economy that most of inflation in decrease is largely due to the price of oil, which dropped over 50% in the last year. when we combine those two, the germans are saying you have a stimulative effect. this is jens weidmann's view of the world. he wants to see how lower oil prices are affecting consumer confidence

home and the german people will say no to the war in the german right will continue to expand. so the majority natural resources such as oil and other resources that the germans were looking to grab. so the idea is that the soviet union used to be in india. as india is in great britain when the germans think about this food that they are going to have to get this means their people and soviet union are going to be able to eat. this is fine with the germans because based on this racial hierarchies hitler has instructed groups that's such as the slavs are much lower and they don't deserve this food. they are to die and the other aspect of this ideological war is -- bolshevism. bolshevism is the mortal enemy to western civilization. hitler and many other nazis equated bolsheviks with the jewish. for hitler if we could destroy the bulls a fixed date of the soviet union we are not only -- but getting rid of world jewry as well. this leads to an ideological war that is perhaps reached in european history. >> what was the germans approach to how they waged there were? >> well, here we

after the german invasion of the soviet union in summer 1941, operation barbarossa, the soviets also begin to rely on czech connections for intelligence about where to find germans and they begin to funnel matÉriel, material assistance, to the czech resistance and that gave them an advantage against their german occupiers. meanwhile, in addition to the czech government in exile in britain, there were maybe 5000 czech soldiers who had been evacuated from france with the british expeditionary force in 1940 during the fall of france. there were lots of soldiers sitting around britain with not much to do and they began to be trained with members of the british special operations executive or soe, which is an outfit established by the british government to engage in espionage, sabotage, and other secretive activities in occupied europe. naturally, one of the particular targets of interest for these czechs would have been the german occupiers of czechoslovakia, including this man, called the butcher of prague. he was in charge of what they variously called the jewish problem, the jewish que

be enough food at home, the german people will stay united behind the war, and the german reich will continue to expand. so the majority of this is to grab as much food as possible. there's also natural resources such as oil and other resources needed for arming the production that the germans were looking to grab. so the idea is that the soviet union is to be in india. as india is to great britain, so ukraine was to be to germany. when the germans think about this food that they're going to have to get, this means that there are people in the soviet union who aren't going to be able to eat, and this is fine with the jr. mans because based -- with the germans because based on this hierarchy hitler has constructed, groups like the slaves are much lower. from the nazi perspective, they don't deserve this food, they are to die. and the other aspect of this ideological war is against bolshevism. bolshevism is the mortal enemy to western europe to western civilization. hitler and many other nazis also conflate bog she vix with jews. bolshevism is a conspiracy launches by jews to destroy t

they speak of the germans going house to house. what we see is this incredible starvation and this is familiar to people who have read about leningrad. suffering somewhere suffering somewhere in the neighbor of 800,000 of 1 million people die primarily from starvation when all the cities and towns see the same thing. the germans got an error in late september by the end of the war it was down to 6,000 with the majority of these people die during the 1st winter, just incredible sense of desperation and misery. what is interesting is that the highest levels of the german army they see this as a necessity. the german army was going to do whatever it needs to do to win the war. they see this as the starvation dispersed through the town. and we see that german field commands at the division level are radioing up the hierarchy to the army level and then back to berlin. we push in the city and have about 50,000 people who are going to start. and they are instructed to let them starve. basically it's better to let them starve. so there is t

at down on the 16th the german assault had achieved its first object, surprise. it overwhelmed the inexperienced troops in the forest where some, like colonel oliver patent were still trying to fight back to friendly lines on the 18th. >> the last attack down the road. in that attack, i was hit for the second time that day. i was hit through both legs and couldn't walk. i remember the battalion commander came through and told us that the battalion had to pum out pull out. they were going to leave us. there were four or five of us. they would leave us with a medic. >> to the south the german attack had split the 28th division, cut off the 112th infantry. >> that afternoon i received orders from division which was then at bastion to fall back and fight stiff delaying action direction bastion. i know that this was impossible. >> the german attack in this sector was made by troops of the 5th panzer army. the capture with the roads and rail ways was vital to the advance. they had been expected to take st. vith with little resistance. on the 18th their commander came up

the germans do not mess up because of heavy water. heavy water is something we investigated as well. heavy water is a -- water where the hydrogen atom actually has -- it's two protons. it's d2o. it's heavy hydrogen. that's all we need to talk about. so it's a process that you can potentially use to create fissile material. we did it in this country and found it didn't work very well. it was a very bad way to try to create the -- the -- the kind of necessary materiel for creating a nuclear chain reaction. we ended up using graphite in this country instead of heavy water because graphite had a much better job in absorbing neutrons which you need to do. you need to be able to absorb neutrons. graphite was easier to use. heavy water was much more difficult to develop. heavy water in the german case was an easy target. there was a capture plant in norway. we sent -- the british sent two missions of saboteurs of special forces in to try to take out this heavy water plant. it did it temporarily. groves wasn't very happy with that so groves bo

by nightfall, i and the four men in my group were prisoners of the germans. i realized that in the furious fight in the day before that i had been wounded. and for me, the world had come to an end at that point. >> we could then, in the dawn's light, see that all of the roads leading into st. vith were full of german troops concentrating on and going through st. vith. we obviously could not counterattack. i attempted at that time to split them up into patrols so they could attempt to work their way back to the friendly line, the u.s. lines. we started two of these patrols out and watched both of them captured. and shortly thereafter, i was captured with the remainder of the group. >> on the afternoon of 21st december, general clark informed me that the attack on st. vith was becoming so heavy, they would be forced out of that position at evening. he said he would retreat to the west. i agreed to conform with his movement. >> [speaking german] >> [translator] the delay we have suffered in my schedule left its mark on the army in the central corps as well as in

he's living in germany when the war breaks out and he volunteers to help the germans. now -- but he is also of german descent and they are willing now to help germany so he comes to the united states, he is given money by nikolai and he sets up a germ warfare factory, in effect. he sets it up six miles from the white house in a house he's rented, in the basement and his sister lives upstairs for good cover and in the basement, he and his brother who used to run a brewery are brewing up vats or test tubes really of glanders and anthrax. he brought the cultures over with him from germany and now he is producing them. then they recruit in turn, seamen to spread them in the port of new york, in baltimore and in new orleans and there is a germ warfare attack on three american cities. people die as these germs are spread. there have been several deaths that only after the war did the u.s. authorities realize are being caused by germ warfare. and tom tunney has to try to stop this. an attack on america that he does not quite understand. there's another plot a rather interestin

version in the german version so i thought the choice of names was really fun. sometimes what they were the same like king and king but the german ones were. >> the germans were burnell caesar and in fact even had a word that eludes me. >> there's a thriller out called whiskey thank foxtrot and in fact those are three of the code words in the british side of it. there is a lot you can learn from this book i found it greatly fascinating. you have all kinds of extra stuff in here like the d-day movies in the d-day museum and the fact that they didn't destroy the tampa street even though they might well have. i think the other thing i'd say it was your entry on john ford which we have already talked about in which it love. he was promoted to rear admiral and got a presidential medal of freedom. i was reading "the new york times" and it does not make a great bookmark. the other operation i forgot to mention was operation cobra. >> that was the overall allied plan to break out from the normandy bridgehead. highly complex evolution because it required the british and

the west. i agreed to conform with his movement. [speaking german [translator] the delay we have suffered in my schedule left its mark on the army in the central corps as well as in the southern sector. until december 22nd, therefore my efforts were concentrated on the coordination of the attack on st. vith, in other words, the cooperation of all arms, infantry, storm guns, artillery, tanks in a final attempt to take st. vith. >> as i remember the 22nd of december, i remember it as a day of mud and rain and considerable confusion. as you pressed your tank in the morning of the 22nd against our new defensive line, our forces were driven back. and the same time, pressure from the north and the south was applied against our flanks. so as a result, by the night of the 22nd, our forces banked pretty much in a semi-circle. >> it should be pointed out that when the men were disbursed on the ground, they were like fingers of a hand. and as they withdrew, as i later pointed out to them, they gained strength by coming back as the fingers would, and forming a

the web. >>> next on american history tv author and journalist howard blum describes german espionage in the u.s. with a focus on the years 1915 to 1917. before america entered world war i. in his book become become 1915 germany's secret war on the hunt for the first terrorist cell in america he details how german spies engaged in sabotage germ warfare and assassination attempts in an effort to prevent the u.s. from entering the war. he also profiles nypd inspector tom cunning who helped develop a modern counterterrorism strategy. this event was hosted by the new york military affairs symposium. it's about an hour. >>> good evening and welcome. i am pleased to welcome howard blum, an investigative journalist and author of the new new york times best-seller become become as well as many other great books. he is currently a contributing editor at "vanity fair." while at the "new york times" he was twice nominated for a pulitzer prize for investigative reporting. several of his books were non-fiction best sellers including, among others "i pledge allegiance, the true story of the walkers, an am

who -- >> the guy who worked for the german shipping company, the 00:48:13 ? er german -- mr. 00:48:17 ? unidentified speaker conag.4$n÷ >> he worked for the hamburg-american lines, and he was a real brute of a man. he was the 00:48:29 ? unidentified speaker enforcer. the german-american line sort of ran the port of new york on the west side, the west side ports. and he took his whole crew of tough guys with him to work for germany. he received a great deal of the money that german ambassador had to spread, and tom tunney had to follow him around. ultimately, he gets the information on him and he discovers, he goes up to his apartment up by columbia university, and he has a secret diary where he's recorded in german and in english meticulous prussian fashion, how he superintends hisspends his day, everyone he meets with, all the things he wants to do, that he's going to stop smoking, stop drinking, and by the way, i'm also going to place a bomb on this ship on such and such a date. his key operative are he gives code names to d-1, d-2, d-3. part of the story th

he had spent most of world war i as a prisoner of the germans but between the wars he became france's leading advocate of tank warfare. and consequently, his seniority was such that when france fell in june of 1940, de gaulle evacuated to britain with tens of thousands of other free french, and he became a significant factor in allied planning. and i think the most wonderful statement made about him was from winston churchill who said the greatest cross i must bear is the cross of lorraine. >> right. de gaulle, in other words. but, you know, the truth is somebody had to be running the french government so when the germans were pushed pack and kicked out, they could actually function, you know? it was a vacuum at that point, so de gaulle was able to do that. we've probably, most of us know about churchill although you -- when we talk about him, fallon you don't because he wasn't a figure in d-day, and this book is about d-day. but i thought you said something about franklin roosevelt that i have often thought. there's a lot of medical theories about if this person or this illness hadn'

tender people, the germans. ry sweet music, indeed. ♪ >> chapter two, a new fuhrer kaiser wilhelm. a new title "deutscheland uber alles." germany over all. and the same tender german people who smacked us with their world war i against seesh yeah. russia. france. belgium.a. russia. france. belgium.. russia. france. belgium.e. russia. france. belgium.r. russia. france. belgium.b. russia. france. belgium.i. russia. france. belgium.a. russia. france. belgium. italy. britain. and the united states of america. it took all of us to do it. but we finally knocked that fuhrer out. defeated the german armies. second chapter ended. we marched straight into germany and said, why, these people are okay. it was just that kaiser we had to get rid of. you know, this is really some country. when it comes to culture, they lead the whole world. we bit. we poured in our sympathy. we pulled out our armies. and they flung chapter three in our faces. fuhrer number three, slogan number three. today, germany is ours. tomorrow, the whole

the president of the german bundestag. >> we are taking a short break. we'll be back after a minute. don't go anywhere. >> icon of the fashion world. what do we really know about the man behind the dark shades? what motivates him? how does he feel? private moments in the life of a fashion designer. when the science -- renaissance man. >> welcome back. we return to libya. nine people have been killed in an attack in the capital of tripoli. >> a gunman stormed a hotel. a standup with security forces they blew themselves up. libya is suffering from an ongoing power struggle between rival groups. >> barack obama has visited saudi arabia to pay respects following the death of king abdulla. he cut short his visit to india after hearing of the passing. >> the two leaders spoke about a variety of issues including security, energy, and human rights. the white house has defended its relationship with saudi arabia despite their questionable human rights record. >> the grease prime minister is wasting no time. after being sworn into office prime minister tsipras has

the german chancellor in london. to speak to one of her key advisors in an exclusive interview. good morning, welcome. you are watching "the pulse." i'm guy jo

and it has been 30 years the liberation of a german camp. a new government sweeps into power in athens, sparking fears over what that might mean for the eurozone. the party defeated its rivals by a wide margin in national elections. its leader campaigned on a strong anti-austerity message, promising to overhaul the countries bailout program. >> the country has agreed to form a coalition with the right-wing independent party. but first, a look at the first -- the prime minister's first day on the job. >> he was sworn in as greece's new prime minister on monday. shortly before, he received a mandate from president poppel the us to form a party government. his party wasted no time searching for allies and quickly formed a coalition with the independent greeks, a small right-wing anti-austerity party. the new partners are united primarily in their desire for radical change and debt cancellation. >> the goal moving forward is to have a united greece. we will respect our country's national sovereignty and democratic processes and work within the fr

but the germans did. and let me say this: i highly respected the german soldiers as an enemy. they were good. they had ravaged most of europe. they had taken over everything. they had military down to a science. it is still called a science in some places but they know what it was. and what i watched them do in anzio, for instance, and the mountains of italy, whenever they went in to attack, they prepared their target. they came in with bombers or artillery or whatever to soften up the target for their infantry that would follow. that was preparatory. we didn't do that. i wasn't taught that at all in my training. we didn't do that. but the germans did. and when they charged out of their position, they didn't come in mass but they came in units. if it was a rifle company, there would be three squads and they'd all approach it from another angle. and what they did that from behind them machine guns would fire overhead. so here these guys come charging at you and machine guns firing overhead. and if things r

in berlin, the german parliament held a special session in memory of the paris victims. >> german chancellor angela merkel pledged to strengthen security across the country, but warned against a backlash against thee muslim community. >> she said the country must remain united at this difficult time. >> members of the german parliament stood for a minute of silence to remember the victims of the attacks in in france. chancellor angela merkel said that democratic nations would not be cowed by terrorism. she was one of many world leaders who took part in last week's unity march in paris. >> a sea of citizens who stand tall went terrorists try to bring them to their knees. a sea of citizens who will not allow the psychology of terrorists to divide them into different religions. we in germany were not allow ourselves to be divided, either. >> merkel added that tolerance and freedom of speech and the press are the unshakable foundations of democracy and she also read out a quote by former german president -- a former german president to show her support for muslims in germany. >> "christianity is

he had taken it so the german home front might gloat over the attack. ust it was german convoys that were caught like this along the french roads. now it was our convoys, ruined and burning where they'd been overrun. the sweat and iron of detroit and pittsburgh became the wreckage of malmedy and salviet. we lost more than jeeps and half-tracks, tires and shells, tanks and guns. we lost men. 78,000 in dead, wounded and missing. unarmed and defenseless american prisoners, comrades of these men, fell to the machine guns of our enemies. >> fire! four weeks later their frozen bodies, hands and ankles bound, were found where they fell. these belgian enemyies of the third riech were unarmed and defenseless. german smoked kams and chesterfields robbed from american dead and the nazi cameraman assured the moviegoers of munich and berlin. men who had not retreated since their arrival in europe plodded back across the mean roads of belgium. convoy of trucks streamed to rear with supplies that had been painstakingly accumulated at forward dumps. supplies that could

check to german power. this is the end of german power in asia. so in that sense, it is sort of a war that is one. -- won. here we have the japanese accepting the germans surrender in my current -- in micronesia. and this is where tsingtao is located. the war in pacific is one by november of 1914, and the japanese do get involved because they are requested to in the war in the mediterranean, in the -- in the meta-training in particular it is the japanese navy. and british imperial troops from australia and new zealand are in the indian ocean, and there are several japanese warships that are sent to the mediterranean after the most sort of serious u-boat kind of threats begin to sort of rise up in the in 1917 so between 1917 and 1918, there are japanese ships that are active in the mediterranean, and you may not know that there are in fact, casualties in this war. casualties, that is japanese casualties, that find themselves today in the island of malta there is a grave especially at the british cemetery there in malta,

german power. essentially this is the end of german power in asia. so in that sense it is sort of a war that is won. here we have the japanese accepting the german surrender in german micronesia. here we have the japanese cavalry coming in where qingdao is located. even though essentially the war against germany in the asia pacific is won by november 1914 the japanese do get involved because they are requested to in the war in the mediterranean in particular. it is the japanese navy that gets involved. and first they are involved in convoying british imperial troops to the indian ocean. and there are several japanese sort of warships that are sent to the mediterranean after the most sort of serious threats begin to sort of rise up in the 1917. so between 1917 and 1918 there are japanese ships active in the mediterranean. you may casualties in this war. casualties that is japanese casualties that find themselves today in the island of malta. there is a grave especially in the british cemetery dedicated to the 78 japanese sailors who lost their life in

sending it to the germans the ultimatum to give out the territory where the germans have been ensconced since the japanese war. think about the timing here. quite impressive. this is the beginning of japanese action in the war from the get-go. we're talking, what by september of 1914. there's the marshall and marian islands north of the equator japanese take over and introducing and taking over that just two months later by november of 1914. we heard of the nature of the great important sort of check to german power. this is the end of german power in asia. in that sense, it's sort of a war that's won. you have the japanese coming in to the province where it's located. doesn't stop there. even though the war is won by november of 1914 the japanese do get involved because of the request in the war in the mediterranean, in particular it's the japanese navy that gets involved and while first they are involved in british troops to the indian ocean. and there are several japanese sort of warships that are sent to the mediterranean after the most -- through a serious vote kind of threat begin

the germans that were kind of second-rate, that were underlings were snatched by the soviets. of a sudden, well, maybe germans were better than ours. nobody really bought this, but it made them feel a little bit better about them selves. maybe thee had some germans we didn't know about. we'll talk more about open source intelligence later on. these are open source resources the soviets could have used to find out information about the american bomb program. they also talk about the fact maybe the soviets used safety shortcuts. when we built the atomic bomb here in the united states, the manhattan project, out of 500,000 people working on the project, only two were killed during this time. this is exceptional for war time. two people were killed every day doing building aircraft and tanks here in the united states. the fact that building an atomic bomb only killed two people meant two things. one, is that we were very good at what we were doing. and we were very lucky. the other one is that we actually had some very stringent safety standards that we imposed. well, if the russi

i think the germans have convinced themselves that they could sustain an exit from the euro zone. have greece is just 3% of the entire gdp, one of the smallest economies of the european union. i think in 2010, 2011 and 2012 that any withdrawal could lead to market instability. there are some that feel that will not be the case. so i would expect a very tough line from the creditors. i don't think they will give in to the demands of this new greek government. >> and tsipras has said he doesn't want to leave the euro zone, the european union or the euro, the majority of greeks feel that way but if greece ends up either dropping out or being pushed out of the euro zone we are talking about the economic cracks in europe. there are significant contraction that go beyond the economy in other parts of the continent. >> well, this is the big question that the europeans are now going to have to consider. do they take the chance that, by maintaining a tough, unyielding line on greek debt that they set off uncontrollable political and social forces or economic forces that might leak in the e

the germans don't like it. t i think -- if you see all the statements from the german politicians, they are saying nothing. the central bankers are saying, we don't think we are there yet. >> ok. in my mind, the argument is beyond whether they do or don't do it, it is just a question of scale. >> and timing. >> timing to a certain extent. if they come through and go large, if we go one billion, that tells you that everybody is on board. if we get 250 500, that tells you that not everybody is on board. they have to pull the horns in a little bit. that shows the ecb could be quite weak. >> i think less than 500 is impossible. draghi will make a blunder beyond. i think if you came out with a couple hundred and said -- it would be -- >> catastrophe. >> it could be complete chaos. if you pull that trigger, you have to do whatever it takes. >> what does that look like? >> minimum 500 with clear statements that this is just the first one. we will do whatever it takes until we see the deflation risk having disappeared.

let's weaken the entire german front. priving it of supplies, fuel, food, ammunition, reinforcements. they call the plan operation strangle. this is what we want to do with airplanes. how? a lot of railroads in italy. this is the enemy. keep the trains from getting through. a lot of rivers in italy and over 700 major bridges. we figured if a train came to one and it wasn't there, it would be kind of tough to get across. medium bombers got many of the important ones, but bridges are long, narrow targets, difficult to hit and destroy. took a lot of trips, bombs, planes, men. we started to use a special weapon, a fighter bomber, the p-47 thunderbolt. one engine, one man. one bomb on each wing. extra fuel tanks for range. 6-5's crew chief taxi from the dispersal point to the end of the runway. light up the squadron. all the pilots have to do is climb in and take them away. if you're a crew chief, you get your own p-47. sometimes you think of it as your personal airplane. but pilots are lended to every day. you let him fly arou

the east german city of leipzig is seeing its biggest police deployment in decades with someone hundred house and pro-and anti-islam demonstrators expected over the coming hours. great for protest scheduled in dresden was canceled by police citing alleged murder threats by islamist. next in energy dramatic development, the main organizer of the dresden movement has resigned following social media postings showing him posing as hitler. he says it was all a joke, but the lycÉe to have launched an investigation for hate crimes based on the content of those postings. >> we will be live after the protest in leipzig after this report. >> 4000 police officers have been deployed. a police spokesman said their highest priority was to protect safety and to uphold people's right to protest. the leipzig offshoot says it expects around 40,000 supporters, but 19 counter demonstrations could attack get -- could attract 60,000 more. but honestly, i want to take a stand. you hear what they say, and you know the point made in leipzig or more radical than those made in dresden. i simply want to raise my v

>> first off, the the germans say she is here as the chairwoman of the g-7. germany will hold the g-7 summit in the bavarian alps in june. the nominal purpose of this meeting is to set up the agenda for that g-7 meeting. she is not here to discuss germany's own politics, at least officially. so there would be no need for a meeting with the opposition. the opposition said they only learned about the meeting until it was too late to ask for a meeting with the german chancellor. just shows you exactly how much this issue of the european union and britain's role in the european union is a campaign issue as the acrimony if you will between the opposition and government power in this country only increases in the runup to it. >> thank you. ryan chilcote at 10 downing street. we'll be speaking with one of merkel's closest political allies. don't miss the interview with michael fuchs at 9:00 on "the pulse." >> the christmas tree and the trimmings are long gone. sainsbury's is releasing third quarter sales figures after losing market share and market value last year.

this is the german side. you can see one of the machine guns and the trench was this little bit of cover that you had a place for some safety and security that protected you as opposed to being out here in this open area of what became known as no-man's land because it was no place for anyone to try to hang out and stay alive. here you'd have, for example the german trenches. over here, back in that next room you can imagine we've got the allied trenches and lots of crossfire going back and forth. machine guns. artillery guns. slels of all shells of all different size including very large shells these large guns, also called railway guns, because in order to get them into position to fire the trips literally had to lay tracks railroad tracks to draw the munitions forward. so this is going on pretty much constantly, these barrages back and forth. and the soldiers become adept at doing just about anything in the trenches, whether it's eating or sleeping or taking cover or fighting or whatever else needs to be do

beyond our view, the german proud and confident stood calm on the armored coast.et one of men and blood, the weapons were the factories and maps and voices speaking in the hidden night. season by season, all our plans advanced and those few men on whom the massive war rested with all of its weight worked ceaselessly. >> i used to wonder whether the millions of people doing their various jobs realized they were part of it all, paving the way for the invasion. ♪ >> we kept bashing away at german targets, worcester steel and oil, hamburg, battle of berlin. >> things were getting tougher every trip. more ground defenses, more night fighters more crews not coming back. ♪ >> we got away early in the morning. sometimes we'd see land casters coming back. a lot of times we'd stoke up the same target they did. we would beat up aircraft factories too. it was a service day and night, 24 hours a day. >> we dropped agents over france. must be awful to risk your neck and have to keep it secret. >> one man's submarines torpedo boats, commandos. we used them all to bring back cups

it is there, you see the germans welcome and begin to brutalize their guests. ey were driven into families. [indiscernible] even 70 years later, the cruelty and and human behavior in the camps is etched in my mind. the look of pleasure on the murderous faces and their laughter as they tortured innocent men, women, children, is beyond -- lingers in my consciousness. human skeletons. just skin and bones. how can i ever forget the smell of burned flesh that permeated the air? many of us came to auschwitz not knowing each other in life. the heartbreaking weeping of the children torn from their mother's arms by the brutal action of the torturers will ring in my ears until i am laid to rest. i continue to wonder if the cries of these youngsters ever penetrated heaven's gate. we survivors continuously came face to face with that. yet, despair was not our response. despite hopelessness, we created a drive out of the world of darkness. we are -- the consuming evil we were forced to endure. we survivors cannot, dare not to forget the millions who were murdered. if we were

clearly the germans are not particularly happy with the notion of q.e. of talk about german opposition and merkel opposition. if you listen to what she is actually saying in her speeches recently she is basically saying i'm not very happy about it but i'm not going to oppose it as long as q.e. does not give a free ticket, a free lunch to the countries in europe that she sees as needing to have further researches. that is a key problem. how do you resolve that? i guess that is the question. if there is mutualizeation, then she is triking a blow to the heart of the nation of the eurozone. >> you could argue she is striking a blow to q.e. itself. it works fast when inveastors are scared and feel it is too dangerous to taken to monetary authority. you bend the knee to what they are demanding. if there are question marks about how committed the monetary authorities are, that is where you get -- that is where the markets might sniff down the line, maybe not today or next week but down the line. it might depict a weakness. >> we have had guys, and girls talking

we don't trust the germans. iece of this election in greece and that's a bad thing. >> go over the top tone. in the background is the death of the washington consensus. now we are trying to find a new new for 2015. >> the top risks are the politics of europe. what i found interesting was the effect of the china slowdown is the weaponization of finance. the u.s. government can leverage its strength in unexpected ways to finance. >> underline all of this is the notion that the united states doesn't want to be the world's policeman. boots on the ground sounds quite these days. that's a 20th century term. obama is not the only one, his opponents do as well. the united states has an interest in a lot of things. we are still engaging but doing it our way. we're are not asking our allies permission. we are not looking for a huge coalition. if you look at sanctions and drones and the nsa and the weaponization of finance, the u.s. dollar has been a much stronger leverage of power internationally than our nuclear arsenal o

the oil prices are proving a boon for german x ports. a rise in consumer spending is boosting the domestic retail sector. the economics minister warns there are challenges to growth. >> there are risks on the international level. last year we saw how quickly changes in the geostrategic situation can have a negative impact on growth. >> one of the perceived challenges is greece and the future of the euro. the government wants to restructure the debt but he made clear it is not a one-way street. >> there is also fairness to the people, to the citizens of the european union who have made a substantial contribution to stabilize greece. the contribution of 270 billion euros. >> gabrielle said tensions between russia and ukraine are another cause for concern. optimism must be tempered by caution, despite the current strength of the labor market. >> consumers all over the world are crazy about apple products, and that is certainly showing in the company's earnings for this quarter. >> the tech giant announced the biggest quarterly profit of any

and they won't have disease that can spread to the german forces. so it's this idea of necessity. the only way we're going to win this war is if we have a pacified population behind the lines who isn't trying to link up with the red army or with partisan units to cut our throats during the night. so during this period from '42-'43, early '43 i think we see this concerted attempt by at least elements of the german army in the east to work with the soviet population. so this, i think breaks somewhat from this ideological conception of the war. i think if we look at this from that ideological perspective the idea would be as things get tougher, the the germans would become more prone to wage the war that hitler wanted. and instead what we see is that they break away from that right? they see the best way they can win the war is if they are able to mobilize the soviet civilian population. so this was one of the very interesting things that i came up with during my the course of my research and writing the book. >> for more information on booktv's recent visit to wheeling, west virginia