the iowa state bystander, a newspaper noted, quote, our fathers labored, fought, and died to perpetuatehis country and leave a heritage to us. harkening back to 1863, 65, the paper continued, let us be men and show loyalty and we will be rewarded. now not everyone was on board with this. numbers suggest that most of the 10,000 african-american men who did volunteer for the war were from northern states as opposed to southern states. and much of that might be because of the efforts of men like john mitchell, again right here in richmond, editor of the richmond planet. he insisted that black men should fight only in they did so under black officers with the ranks of colonel and major. of course, a departure from what had been the case with the united states colored troops. no officers, no fight, demanded mitchell. we will wait the change. of course, many white southerners were content to wait, responding to mckinley's call for colored troops. the new orleans times democrat insisted on the expediency of enlisting african-american and it urged the president to, quote, allow the white folks

the iowa state bystander, a newspaper and noted -- our fathers labored, fought, and died to leave a heritage for us. parking back to 1863, the paper continued -- let us be men and show loyalty and we will be rewarded. not everyone was on board with this. a number suggested that most of the 10,000 african-american men who did volunteer for the war were from northern states as opposed to southern states. much of that might be because of the effort of men like john mitchell. again, it right here in richmond, editor of the richmond planets. he insisted that black and should only fight if they did so under black officers. with the ranks of kernel and major. a departure from what had been the case during the united states colored troops. no officer, no fighting. we will wait for the change. many white southerners were content to wait, responding to mckinley's call for colored troops. the new orleans times democrat insisted on the speedy and see -- expediency of registering african-americans. invoking the civil war's memory, mitchell responded that in fact this was the same logic issued to lincoln.