since the late 1850's, it was an agrarian landscape. it had dairy ranches and it was originally a mexican land grants in the 1930's. as what happened in california after we became part of the u.s., there were a lot of legal disagreements about who owns which piece of land. for those who went to court, in many instances, including here, is set up either of the two parties fighting over the land, because of the high legal fees, the land ended up in the hands of the lawyers. which is what happened here. two brothers, i kid you not, their last name is shafter, which is sort of appropriate, and one of them had done in law, one of them on part of the land, the son-in-law,, and the other two, all three of them cope -- co-owned the entire peninsula had created a system of tenant-run ranches. take aim up with very creative names such as a ranch b ranch, c , ranch: d ranch. all the way up to the point. the ultimate comes down the peninsula and eventually they run of the letters. then he finally have wrench names which are more natural. south bend,

since the late 1850's, it was a dairy landscape. and manages a whole series of dairy ranches and it was a mexican land grant in the 1930's. as often happened in california after we became part of the u.s., there were a lot of legal disagreements about who owns which piece of land. those would go to court, in many instances, including here, is -- instead of either of the two parties fighting over the land, because of the high legal fees, the land ended up in the hands of the lawyers. which is what happened here. two brothers, i kid you not, their last name is shafter, just seems sort of appropriate, and one of them had done in law, -- had a son-in-law. one owned one-to-one, and charles was his son-in-law, i --get what the stands for olivere o stands for, maybe, all three of them cope owned the entire peninsula had created a system of tenant-run ranches. they named them with very creative names, a ranch, b ranch, c ranch, d ranch. the ultimate comes down the peninsula and eventually they out of letters. from 1858 until roughly the 1920

one of the things they started --focus on was the national natural landscapes, especially the western landscapes. niagara falls becomes essentially a negative example of what not to do. we don't want to mess things up the way we did there. so when yosemite valley here in by aornia is "discovered" battalion of military folks chasing native americans of the merced river and comes out into this amazing valley, and they are stunned by the incredible scenery. the yosemite valley is unlike most anywhere on earth, huge granite cliffs. to this young u.s. culture of the time, these kinds of monumental, unique, dunning, natural landscapes become symbolic of our national pride. saying, hey, we have something those crazy europeans do not have. you see a lot of descriptions of western landscapes as people are moving across the western territories and describing these places, they are often describing them in comparison to castles in europe or old ruins in rome and saying how much cooler essentially these places are. you can have some tumbledown castle or this amazing rampart of stone and granite.

this is really about the landscape as well. it is really from these windows that back during the revolutionary period, the emerson family first looked out and saw the commotion over the shotrth bridge, heard round of the world. they talked about in their journals how they are standing here, looking out the window at the world. think about that process. standing in your home and witnessing the start of what would be a major event for our nation in its earliest roots. william emerson stayed at this house for about five years. again, it was built around 1770, 1769. he and his wife moved in and lived here for a few years. he eventually went to for toonderoga, got ill trying come back in 1776, and died. his legacy of the house was instrumental in laying the work of intellectualism, the house, the philosophy of the house. he only lived here for a short time period. william emerson's wife found herself with small children living at the old manse as a young widow and when she looked to what was next in her life she encountered ezra ripl

pretty much on board for rolling quality of the landscape. competing with the landscape itself. she went back and famously, as legend has it, had her initial design done in a plate of mashed potatoes. she then presented this design and he brought in three judges to replicate normal architectural competition, and it was in those three judges they came back and said the idea of a granite chevron with low ground is very appropriate, but what on earth were the steps going down, and to get rid of those. that is what she did. ultimately she got a very good grade for that project. when it came to the final grade, he gave her an incomplete. she came in tears and in anger saying i'll never get in the harvard architectural school as a graduate student. and was so powerful in all of this that her ultimately acquiesced gave her this famous b plus. it is the most famous undergraduate grade in the history of higher education. she was a very persuasive and tough woman. there was someone else tough and extraordinary, who referred to her as an ingenue. the young woman who is the archetype of eve

they are concerned that with the landscape of that state. in response to that, we are supporting their reality. the american airline advisory -- we have had several members impacted by decisions of employees at american airlines in response to being thrown off the plane. some may recall that in april of last year, our state conference president in north carolina was removed from a plane as a result of another customer creating an atmosphere for him that was not tolerated. they threw him off the plane, not the customer who was calling him names. our goal is to be more responsive to our units and to make sure that we are a strong , coordinated body so that the needs and interests of our communities are addressed. susan: mr. johnson, one of the other things you announced was a desire to change the tax status of your organization, nonprofit still, but a 501(c)(4), which would allow the organization to get more involved at the national level and political advocacy. how do you intend to use that new tax status? derrick: first of all, we will always

the biggest issue we're seeing is affecting restaurant workers, landscapers, hotels. umber one is loss of jobs. a lot of our families that were working on these ranges and in the spaniards and some family moms working cleaning houses, they have lost their ability to a living. the second thing is because they have not been working for at least a good one to two weeks, they have no money. paycheck been living to paycheck. this has affected their ability to get food. we're seeing a basic need of our families that are not being met. sonoma valley was really cut off from the rest of santa rosa. highway 12 was closed. area was really cut off from the rest of the county. we have a lot of families that could not leave. ready to was there and serve. these families were not able to get outpost of amy: "new york times headline." >> that is a big question. it has to do really more so with the housing, the lack of housing that will maybe force our families to move out of the area. amy: i want to ask -- what reporters say? >> the county has long been dedicated to finding creative so

the vikings the landscape is so expansive the views are awesome and the contrasts in a way you've got the forests and the elbow in the valley but you've also got the mountains and. starts the fire to all the tourists annoy you when you get a bit pushed around here got up to going there isn't as a runner expected to go through most of them come on bus trips it's a bit much but i'm not going to spend long or all head off some require as soon as possible and mr i don't mind you know what to expect when you get. i'm thrilled to be up here anyway. the view is amazing over there the cliffs down there is the elba and in the background you can see can extend fortress. i've admired the rocks from afar now i want to go up so i take a beginner's climbing course with guides you need to get and where better sex in switzerland is the birthplace of rock climbing you know. so. we get started at parent lee you can climb better without shoes i'm pretty nervous . will i overcome my fear of heights. the guy premier leads the way first an easy climb to the peak. he shows us how it's done. we've nearly mad

the landscape. is pretty impressive even though not everywhere is as peaceful as it used to be back in the romantic era i cannot paint but i can take some pictures. just second stop on our check in special edition is one hundred ninety kilometers further along the elba river and the call for girlish is headed for. the town where martin luther once lived and worked. the charming little town in saxony on hold is the place to be in germany this year people are coming here from all over the world to celebrate the five hundredth anniversary of the reformation. today that we have been back is at least as beautiful as it was five hundred years ago when martin luther used to live here back then people came from far and just to hear him teach and because of his place in history they still do. it's. my first stop is the market square which has always been the heart and soul of the town. it's. just a few minutes away it's the most important site in the history of the reformation all saints church also known as

the landscape with intricate elements providing maximum early warning. air, missile, or satellite operation. ♪ >> just one mile from fairbanks, the army maintains its mars northern post. -- its most of northern post. the long warm days of summer help make up for inconveniences of cold and dark. alaska is often called the gibraltar of the north. because of its location as a strategic outpost of the united states. the army, in addition to participation in air defense missions is constantly training and in readiness to defend alaska under the most realistic conditions possible. at fort greeley, this training and testing program is most evident. its climate is significantly different. it is as cold as the far north. offers terrain of rock, streams and mountain but it's further , below the arctic circle than fairbanks. the effects of cold and the difficulties of movement in the arctic are tackled and overcome. living and moving through snow and ice demand courage, tenacity and the reliance offered here at the northern training center. ♪ ♪ >> summer training at

slave houses are buildings that are disappearing from the landscape. so by documenting them that's one way of preserving them. documenting them and through my data base is also a way to share information and get it out there and learn from them. so this is a way for people to learn about these buildings and save them, and make them available to a wider audience without having to necessarily come out to the site, because a lot of these sites are hard to get to, and a lot of the sites are privately owned. property owners don't necessarily want people constantly coming out to their sites to look at these structures. but the property owners have been very helpful wanting to work with me but at the same time it's easier to have something that's available on line somewhere that you can get to. in total i have done survey work at about 150 sites, and about 120 to-30 of those have been in virginia. i've been focusing in virginia the last couple of years. i found this place through a coworker and mentor of mine who originally worked doing documentation, and now

when we get to the other side of mifid ii the landscape changes. are far fewer regulations that need to be implemented and the focus of policy will be on looking at the regulatory framework and see what needs to be tweet or if new rules -- to be tweaked. next year globally will be the etf industry. the tremendous growth of the industry in the last 10 years has knock gone unnoticed by policymakers. they will take a step back and look at the framework and see what needs to be changed, if anything. this year, a paper published on expected, the one process is already being done in some ways. nejra: we were just talking to stephen cohen about how much etf's in europe have to grow is moree, arguing there potential from the growth we have already had. what exactly do you think regulators might start looking at? europe, guidance around etf's in 2012, if you look at the work program, they will take a second look at that guidance. if youey are looking at, look at the etf industry growth trajectory, ensuring the framework is best suited for the industry. the i

it includes changing the landscape of gettysburg. it includes change of where you can view the battle from. i still get chills, and i'm not embarrassed to say, when i go on custer hill and think about the last stand, because last stands by definition are dramatic, ann kuster is part of -- and custer is part of that. where you stand determines what you see. when you stand on last stand heal, you are experiencing the pecos and that -- pathos and the drama of the guys of the seventh still standing, custer and some of his men. it is a very for an experience to go down into the site of the huge indian village. it is private land. the park service for a while took people in buses down to that site, and to stand in that area and think about that, jerks you into a whole different sense of the battle. here is a case when you talk about historical revision. i call this the enduring truth of first interpretation. who gets to say initially what the battle of little bighorn or if you prefer, custer's last stand, just to say what it means? the indi

to be quite a lot of effort of course on rebuilding communities and homes but also stabilizing the landscape through the fires have burned because of its extreme weather and the heavy fuel loading and there's the fire burned really severe in certain areas that will have to be taking work to prevent landslides over the coming winter and then over the long term we're going to kind of plan landscape level strategies for maintaining a more balanced and fire resilient landscape in the face of climate change all right thank you so much sa show that was fire ecologist out audubon canyon ranch sasha brolin thank you so much thank you to puerto rico where it's been three weeks since hurricane maria made landfall on the island eighty four percent of residents are still without power the state department said quote power restoration crews continue to arrive on the island additional priorities remain hospitals and communication within the encrease focus on isolated reagents only sixty four percent of residents have drinking water and fifty three percent have cell service the e.p.a. has warned against ta

the landscape outside is my valley and the hills of vinci my paradise my jerusalem. christ has just said one of you shall betray me james seems to be answering tell us who and we still deal with him and philip's gesture says time lord. the right half of the painting has been fully restored i love that shadow and the light. for five hundred years it was damaged smudged corroded and scratched the damp poor rotted napoleon quoted troops in the refectory. and an american bomb destroyed half the whole. what i can show you now the world owes to this woman senor edges a pin up. for decades she's been cleaning analyzing and delicately touching up the colors holding up the long slow death of the last supper. the. a new picture has come into being the original strictly speaking no longer exists but the few pigments that survive from my work have a power that generates new life even from the crumbling reminder. that is. am i. am. the tale of this painting is a dramatic one and a love story like it's contant it is a miracle i scarcely understand myself like christ the painting h

many of us may be used to looking down on the landscape from aeroplane windows. and the sky. that was amazing! i really want to go up again. but i don't think we are supposed to, the wind is definitely getting worse. and i think one flight is all we get today. but i'm really happy with that. it was awesome. i loved flying so much, i'm disappointed we had to cut our flight short. but i'm incredibly glad we got the chance to experience something so thrilling, and in one of the best places in the world for it. no wonder paragliders become addicted to their sport, and no wonder so many of them come back to krusevo again and again. i may not be a paragliding yet, but it is easy to see the attraction. well, that's all we've got time for on this week's travel show. coming up next week, ade is in swedish lapland, finding a city on the move, literally, in one of the world's biggest urban transformations. about 6000 people will be moving, because their houses and their apartments will be affected. that's because a sinkhole threatens to swallow up the whole of kiruna. and a

domes changed the landscape of sierra. in in southeastern spain at over two thousand meters altitude continental europe largest observatory was built here the german spanish astronomical center. helming came to spain in the one nine hundred seventy s. today he is one of the few german engineers who work here he knows the center's history very well. in the one nine hundred sixty s. germany was interested in investing more in astronomy which is why they looked for a location for a new astronomical center. they looked in the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere. in the northern hemisphere they looked in france italy greece and spain the best place was here in the south of spain. one line of research at the center is devoted to creating innovative instruments an example is carmen s. . from me. carmen s. was an idea that arose at a scientific meeting in two thousand and eight where eleven international institutions agreed to create a device that could do what had never been possible in science before it detects planet

so many of these categorical exclusions don't really make a difference on the landscape. as far as barriers to using them, the forest service has done a good job using the farm bill authorities. certainly budget is an issue. but making sure that we can streamline authorities ensures that money will be spent wisely and he gets a good return. the difference between a categorical exclusion in da versus the other can be significant in taxpayer dollars. mr. o'mara: i do think that we have been better at this the last two cycles. idea,s a really great these landscape scale plans, where you try to do restoration at scale and expedite the review. we would argue that we could use the process more efficiently and pat need the full-blown neo analysis. i think there is a better mash-up and get the same exact result on the ground and be more bipartisan. ms. crowder: categorical exclusions, i agree with these two gentlemen. cannot provide the needs that we have and i am in in region 2 and -- when we don't see those categorical exclusions used to because they don't provide that thing --

when we get to the other side of mifid ii the landscape changes. are far fewer regulations that need to be implemented and the focus of policy will be on looking at the regulatory framework and see what needs to be tweaked. that is the big adjustment the buy side is facing. nejra: what policy specifically are we looking at? >> i think one of the big next ones year globally will be the etf industry. the tremendous growth of the industry in the last 10 years has knock gone unnoticed by policymakers. i think that they will take a step back and look at the framework and see what needs to be changed, if anything. this year, the central bank of ireland has published a paper on etf's, another one expected, the process is already being done in some ways. nejra: we were just talking to stephen cohen about how much etf's in europe have to grow from here, that there is even more potential from the growth we have already had. what exactly do you think regulators might start looking at? >> i think in europe, guidance around etf's in 2012, if you look at the work

this november is the best reflection of the landscape change, the internet landscape changing china andhe consumer lifestyle change in china. 500 million customers in china and today, even more. more and more overseas customers. >> when i started out in 1999, the gdp per capita of china was $870. today it is over 800,000. it is a 10x increase. we have been very fortunate in both ways. >> we know where we are going. that is our direction, but on the way there, we have more more problems. today, if you look at the volume of the package, generally our platform is about 55 million a day. we strongly believe that this goes to one billion some years later a day. >> it is just like when you are climbing the mountains. when you are only 1000 meters high, you enjoy it. it is fun. you go 100 meters, 1000 meters, you don't have an affair come you don't have a lot of working together with you. you have no one to share your thoughts and worries with. now, we are probably like 6000 meters high. we get lonely without a strong mind and the mission, and ideas. difficult to continue to walk. stephen: hav

when we get to the other side of mifid ii the landscape changes. are far fewer regulations that need to be implemented and the focus of policy makers will be looking at the regulatory framework, seeing what needs to be tweaked or if new rules are needed. that is really the big adjustment the buy side is facing. nejra: what policy specifically are we looking at? sean: i think one of the big ones next year globally will be the etf industry. the tremendous growth of the etf industry in the last seven to 10 years have not gone unnoticed by policymakers. i think that they will take a step back and look at the framework and see what needs to be changed, if anything. and it has already started to happen. this year, the central bank of ireland has published a paper on etf's, another one expected, the process is already being done in some ways. nejra: that is interesting because we were just talking to stephen cohan from blackrock about how much etf's in europe have to grow from here. that there is even more potential from the growth we have already had. wha

this water is maintaining the landscape because as soon as rain falls on the canopy, on this vegetation, that rain then infiltrates gradually to the ground, ending up with this steady flow of this river. water is life. without water, nobody can do anything. i'm amazed as short as five years--six years, you get clean water like this provided you work hard for restoring this degraded landscape. >> about a 1,000 kilometers further north in the village of abraha atsbeha, another near miraculous phenomenon is occurring. farmers are finding water at the bottom of their wells, despite the poor rains this year. the famine of 1984 struck the people of this valley very hard. many migrated, many died. now the people are returning. the village chairman, gabre giday, remembers well how life used to be. >> [speaking in foreign language] ten years ago i'd say, even five years ago, i'll tell you what the situation was: it was absolutely terrible. the sun, the drought, the wind, it was all dry like the desert. there was a refugee program for our village, so we had a choice, leave the valley or do someth

. >> there's been a fantastic tour of the landscape. as you make progress on your project, would you be willing to come back in six months and update us on how things are going? as we say goodbye, tell us who the amateurs are. >> tim kane and me. he has seven harmonicas, one for each key that he knows and i have to change every time we perform at the resume and roots festival in tennessee at the state line. a couple months ago we had a pretty good time at the birthplace of country music so we called ourselves honestly the amateurs which is an accurate description. [laughter] >> is it like to thank delta dental for making this possible and kaitlyn owings and my colleagues for their great coverage and those that are so fantastic thank you c-span and the viewers for joining us and all of you for coming out so early and senator alexander thank you for a fantastic conversation. [applause] thank you for joining us. [applause] [inaudible conversations] epidemic. the discussion was hosted by the washington post.

the landscape in that area has changed dramatically since then.. hows us what it looks like now. "walked outside and everything was on fire" that fire would eventually march down the hill towards rebecca rowan's home. >> reporter: a far larger concern the family home of three generations. >> because the wind was coming straight from up there, to this house. >> reporter: but the family wasn't around to watch the fire sweep through here. they were just trying to get out of the way. >> trees were falling on our car. the wind was just like a hurricane. it was chaos. >> reporter: it wasn't just people. on sunday night we ran into a caravan of rescuers desperately trying to reach this farm in hopes of saving 25 horses. stuck in the path of that fire. >> the flames were already across. they were coming across. we thought we were positive that we were going to lose everything. >> reporter: so with a team of volunteers, lisa had 20 minutes to rescue those 25 horses. >> nobody panicked. everybody just knew what to do. >> reporter: unfortunately, they only had

be quite a lot of effort of course on on rebuilding communities and homes but also stabilizing the landscape through the fires have burned because of the extreme weather and the heavy fuel loading there is the fire burned really severe in certain areas that will have to be taking work to prevent landslides over the coming winter. and then over the long term working to kind of planned landscape level strategies for maintaining a more balanced and fire resilient landscape in the face of climate change all right thank you so much sacher that was fire ecologist at audubon canyon ranch brahman thank you so much thank you. let's talk now about the iran nuclear deal several congressional democrats who had been previously opposed to the twenty fifteen deal are now urging president donald trump to uphold the international agreement at a hearing wednesday representative elliott angola voices support for the deal thing north korea's the leaders won't have an incentive to negotiate if they see the iran deal collapse even the committee's top republican representative adam ois said the united states shoul

. >> this was not just the case of setting aside a natural landscape and leaving it alone just what we tend to think of when it comes to park protection. when he was doing was making major out of what was at the time mostly old sheeps meadows. there is a big area in central ow,k known as the sheeps mead and that is why, there were sheep on it. >> then, a discussion on the importance of saving slave hou ses. >> they are buildings that are disappearing from the landscape. by documenting them, that is one way to preserve them. documenting them and adding them to my database is another way to share information and learn from them. >> then, at 7:00 p.m. eastern continue our interview of photojournalists. ended up on the front yellingthe post, seen at these freshmen who had their chins tucked in like this. that photograph ran everywhere in the world. i am convinced that that story helped me get a job at the post. , allerican history tv weekend, every weekend, on c-span3. that -- mye clear impression of breitbart as having an outside influence on the 2016 election was in understatement in the

permeate it you like that and that's great but when you won an international award and when you win the top landscape award that's really something that's a big deal. your geology is their arms their whole robin these are our top stories in a historic move the spanish prime minister has stripped catalonia of its autonomy and ordered that regional elections came within an hour of the catalan parliament issuing a declaration of independence first to late and are suspended indefinitely kenya's election commission calls of voting in four opposition strongholds amid fears of more violence violent confrontations between police and protesters have made it impossible for voting materials to get to a number of polling stations u.s. media are reporting that a federal grand jury in washington d.c. has approved the first charges in the investigation over russian meddling in the twenty sixteen us presidential election the charges that led by special counsel robert mueller are said to be still sealed under orders from a federal judge it isn't yet know what the accusations are but any one charge could reportedly be

the landscape painting is beautiful. we also wanted to show that sign painting, original hand sign painting is still being done in maine. this painting was done by anthony taylor of taylor designs. that is all hand-painted. you still get that quality and advertising sense in maine today. what i am hoping visitors take away from this exhibit is an ne'srstanding of how mai economy started. maine has always thrived on the creativity of its residents to really grow. there are still amazing craftspeople that are building thriving businesses and making these same products in the state. >> our cities tour staff recently traveled to portland, maine, to learn about its rich history. to learn more about portland and other stops at our tour, c-span.org/citiestour. you are watching american history tv on c-span3. >> now, we return live

it redefined the financial landscape. all still here 30 years on and we have a roaring bull market with comparable conditions create or do we? make the same mistakes? of course this lends itself to history and a beautiful chart. trump onst one-day record, if it was to happen again today it would be the equivalent of 5000 points off the dow. have investors such as ubs learned lessons from 1987? guest: there's nothing like an anniversary of a major event remind people of the risk there is in the market and a lot of people rightly so are becoming quite aware of how far we have come in the equity markets where the valuations ree and what the next risks out there are. the backdrop is pretty strong, global growth is accelerating, and we feel confident that is feeding into the earnings picture and it will continue to drive markets higher over the next six to 12 months. we are not going to see the same performance we have seen in the recent years. some of the conditions that are liquidity isay, different, the market is bigger, it

go read the one in front of -- county courthouse. so it's a kind of duly memorial landscape in many ways that you get after the war. and the lost cause puts up many, many, many monuments. they also wrote just as people who embraced the union cause or those who embraced the emancipation cause. one of the great examples of emancipation cause writing was a three page stich who wrote on the rise and fall of the slave power. the confederates do a lot of writing, and they prove quite successful at getting their version of the war into print and into popular culture. we've been talking a bit about here the two most scenes that build the scene of it civil war. the two most parnt by far with birth of a nation and gone with the wind depending on how many people saw them, how long they were part of the land zap. they're not pure lost cause. but there's no emancipation cause in them, no real union cause. there's a little reconciliation cause, but sherman is the great destroyer and great invader in these two. they come in giant yankee armies wreaking havoc, destroying everything. they al