, the modern china about 2,000 years ago which china unified, and then it was governed by a bureaucracy that was elected by competitive examination. so in that sense, it was more modern than that period and china had a governing philosophy with the legislation and governing proxy which was operated on the national basis, and therefore when others said occasionally china was conquered by its neighbors, the didn't know how to government and they needed the chinese bureaucracy so on at least two occasions in the chinese history of the foreigners came in, conquered the country, use the chinese peroxy to government and became themselves. so china expanded the opposite of the western lights and that accomplished by being conquered and then signed in by the congress and from the north. >> host: a much more efficient way, isn't it? >> you say because china was never enforced to engage in the larger civilizations in the world it remains basically insular but it also considered as of the center of the world. does that still hold true with?

you also said when china entered the modern age it had been a fully functioning improve bureaucracy for over 1000 years. tell us what you mean. >> guest: china, the modern china, developed about 2000 years ago. and when china was unified, and then it was governed by a bureaucracy that was elected by competitive examination. so in that sense it was more modern than europe was at that period. china had a governing philosophy which was confucianism, and a governing bureaucracy which operated on a national basis. and, therefore, when others have said occasionally china was conquered by its neighbors, but they didn't know how to govern it, and they needed the chinese bureaucracy. so in at least two occasions in china's history, foreigners came in, conquered the country, use the chinese bureaucracy to govern it and became by itself. so china expanded sometimes by the opposite, not by conquest, but by being conquered and then siding by the congress. the mongols in one occasion in the manchus from the north in another. >> host: much more efficient way. >> guest: painful way. >> host: you also s

this growing russia china alliance could at some point become a threat to the economic and political interests of the united states and its allies i think of the u.s. in china in the modern world since certainly u.s. used to be germans who actually. when they see china and russia cooperate and i think certainly. we should take into consideration the interest of us when we're dealing with this kind of chemical the u.s. do anything to try to hamper what is obviously a very special relationship. i think yes because china and u.s. most biggest economy in the world maybe sometime like something like ok all right now what about russia china and a key central asian states were meeting at the yesterday the shanghai. cooperation organization summit to be tenth anniversary of that that aims to provide security and stability in the region but do you see this group rivaling in nato in the future you've got nato on the west you've got the f c o in the east you've got these groupings of the of the countries in their own neighborhood is there some sort of potential threat in the future. you know. is already playing the world. leader so for countries. to be really regional leaders. to s

the old. diminishment biddeford modern day mr chairman of the people's republic of china hu jintao the esteemed guests ladies and gentlemen i am very happy to welcome you at the economic forum in st petersburg for us it is a great privilege today the motto of all four on is emerging leaders with the news . last year we discussed lessons learned from the crisis today as members of the global elite discuss new opportunities for growth and we see is that leaders of this new growth emerging economies according to the i.m.f. . the pace of growth of emerging countries are going to be two point five times higher than the pace of growth in developed countries for the ten years to come ten years ago the share of emerging markets amounted to about twenty percent of the global g.d.p. while in five years we expect that this share will exceed forty percent the world is confronted with the following question what kind of growth. in the changing world will be played by traditional groups sent to such as developed economies today we see that the mood amongst investors and political leaders is changing for the

the lot. basically, modern technology depends upon rare earths. what has happened today is that china'slargest aluminum producer has set up a company in the east of the country, and it's going to basically control the out put. this has really set alarm bells ringing. what people are beginning to wonder is how much more control there's going to be, and if it comes within control of the state, how much political weapon or political instrument it becomes, an international superlative. >> we've been talking about the oil situation from quite political perspective, of course. what about regarding the fight? is oil too expensive? >> we've seen it come down t. has a strange relationship between industrial output or economic growth and the oil price. as the oil price goes too high, because the economy seems to be progressing quite aggressively and demand more oil, as oil price goes high, it then chokes off economic growth, and oil prices begins to come back down again. and at some point oil comes back down to a point where economic growth will be able to slice it. in a way, we're at the point w

the 2014 world cup in brazil. as modern as the company seemed, there are reminders that china is not quite like other industrialized countries. >> we have an old saying in china that as soon as an order is issued, it must be carried out. the tasks must be performed quickly and with determination. >> so its employees are marching toward the prop with determination. it is hard to get the feeling that they will not let themselves be stopped by anyone or anything. >> thanks for joining us. captioned by the national captioning institute --www.ncicap.org-- ow! of course. thank you. i'd call her honeydew goodbody, not lisa. the very fact that she is called lisa proves that she exists.

the 2014 world cup in brazil. as modern as the company seemed, there are reminders that china is not quite like other industrialized countries. >> we have an old saying in china that as soon as an order is issued, it must be carried out. the tasks must be performed quickly and with determination. >> so its employees are marching toward the prop with determination. it is hard to get the feeling that they will not let themselves be stopped by anyone or anything. >> thanks for joining us. captioned by the national captioning institute --www.ncicap.org-- hi, i'm janice edwards, inviting you to join us for bay area vista. as you probably know, bay area vista is your show. we're talking about your community, talking about what's important to all of us, here in the bay area. i always thank you for the great job that you do in our bay area. so, that's what tuesdays at 6:30(pm), here on kcsm, are all about. please join us then.

modernization certainly was the main theme in fact it ran through very smoothly into all of the other problems that he touched upon so modernization is connected to all of us problems in china. is that it faces a lot of eyes economy as the president laid out in terms of modernization for these business executives and world leaders in a lot of interviews this is what the russian president had to say about what he's that things are vital for russia to really move forward and its course to modernize the economy. why would it pursue your lead nalini i don't want a major renu of just outdated elements in the economy public institutions we need systematic changes we should not hesitate to say sorry about many bad habits we can focus only on the step by step development that would be a mistake there might be other stagnation behind the stability that's why we need to quickly change everything that stops breakthrough development this is the basis of the strategy and outlined in the past three years as russia's president with the strategy is a modernization program i'm sure this is the most up to date policy for russia we can significantly change the situation over the next few year

he gave his thanks in the west to campaign for his release and said he is happy to be home. he is china's most famous living artist. he filled the tate modern with his artwork last month. chinese police say he has confessed to tax evasion and on release he has promised to repay the money. in the months before his arrest, he was a local leading critic. his family believes that is why he is targeted. >> they will follow your e- mail and mountaire you and they can find you and brainwash you or a scare you or intimidate you or kiss you. >> dozens of other government critics have been detained in recent weeks. some have been sent to labor camps and others disappeared. china moving to stop the middle eastern style revolution. he was held for 80 days at a secret location with no access to a lawyer. why is he being released now? chinese police say it is because of his good attitude. it may have to do with the fact that the chinese premier is visiting the uk this weekend. hthat been the most critical of the rest. >> you're watching bbc world news america. grounded for good. the shuttle is retiring. time to get a rare glimpse inside. when it comes to

the reviews so close laptops anything electrical in china's they build in modernize their whole infrastructure that trend continues and it continues stronger so right now it's about one twentieth the amount of silver per capita that they were using us you know so years ago and then again the trend continues so if you look at what's going on in the solar energy feel a lot of solar energy produced in china and india just when does fuel side in china is huge on top of that you have gold and silver availability for investment in china as well probably doesn't take much imagination of about one point four billion people in china certainly not every one of them is with a price over less force in cash on simply mass keyser you know why announce situations. seriously there's a lot of pent up demand available in china and of course other places as well i think that would be one of the most bullish things under various side what's interesting one way is that the recycling has started to increase and as i thought about it more and more it's it's very likely because there are more electronics some of them

the reviews so throws us. doing electrical in china as they will and modernize their whole infrastructure that trend continues and it continues stronger so right now it's about one twentieth the amount of silver prove how true they were using us you know so years ago and again the trend continues so if you look at what's going on in the solar energy fuel a lot of sort of energy produced in china in just industrial site in china is huge on top of that you have gold and silver availability for investment in china as well all right doesn't take much imagination about were four billion people in china so why not every one of them as well the price over course that catch on simply mass keyser you are an ounce of. seriously there's a lot of pent up demand available in china and of course other places as well i see that would be one of the world's poorest nations under very aside what's interesting to me is that the recycling astore. increase and as i thought about it more and more it's looks very likely because there are more electronics some of them can be recycled some of them are under canonic to recycle put them

does announce he's running for reelection it will be all about modernization reporting from st petersburg and it's the way r.t. . china's leader came to join the gathering in the northern capital and called for noise at the top of the global economy by an even keel president hu jintao called for additional reforms to cope with this slow pace of the recovery. ever to fail but if that were followed by a trip to moscow where the two countries failed to agree on the volume and price of russian natural gas to be exported to china however the neighbors intend to quadruple their bilateral trade where they had decades and energy analyst to then he told r.t. that a close alliance between lost in beijing will bring economic benefit for. china to be a hugely important trade partner for russia both in energy terms only in general trade these are two countries that for many decades we shared a political ideology that leads to some extent they share the longest land border in the world to be much much greater partners than they are now if we look at russia is extremely keen to develop its oil and gas resources in the east of the coun

i believe that the ten years during that program of reform were ten of the best years that china has had in modern days. then in one time of a few hours this was blasted away. i don't mean that china is forever altered. of course not. but it cost china and a great deal, not only personally by destroying his image, but in general because the political and economic effects are great. i do not believe anybody thought what the effects might be, but it will be a long time before china moves forward again as she was before that day. understand that because we are apt to lose sight of these things. they get blurred over. the government has made a great effort to try and present an alternative version. there was no massacre. it all lies on students. to consider race, bad man. the students conspired and plot to overthrow the communist party well, there was no such conspiracy, and it is clear that there was not. we know the students are the bad men. people who recently have been released from prison and you are capable of carrying out criminal acts. some students became bad men in the process of this affair

themes from both russia and china when it comes to president it's expected that we will hear more about of course his trademark modernization plan for russia and really for the world especially for emerging economies like china brazil south africa and india a lot of big c.e.o.'s here from silicon valley like eric schmidt from google and they're getting together with russia skolkovo group which of course is the plan to build a silicon valley just outside moscow that's something that's very important to president madrid to and he feels like two parties like china and like i said the other bric countries can benefit from that so i think that's a theme that we're going to hear very much at least in the first day after this forum under. to speak to the guests agreement between the russian chinese the two most importantly does look to see who do you think. we've heard from gas from said that the deal of course like you said will not be signed at this forum but they're very confident that it will be signed by the end of the year if you mentioned this is of course a difficult contract it's going to bring vast amounts of gas to china whose needs are very are enormous

twentieth so it's been about our four for old increase in the amount of silver used so flows laptops anything electrical in china as they build in modernize their whole infrastructure that trend continues and it continues stronger so right now he's about one twentieth the amount of silver prick out or that they were using you know so many years ago and then again the trend continues so if you look at what's going on in the solar energy feel a lot of salute energy produced in china in jest industrial side in china is huge on top of that you have gold and silver availability or investment in china as well well it doesn't take much imagination to think about one point four billion people in china certainly not everyone of them is going to buy sober unless there's a catch on to the mass keyser you know why and how nz situation. seriously there's a lot of pent up demand available in china and of course other places as well i see that would be one of the most bullish things on the various side what's interesting in may is that the recycling as started to increase and as i thought about it more and more it's it's very. likely because there are m

twenty it's has been a better for holding increase in the amount of silver abused so flows laptops anything electrical in china as they build and modernize their whole infrastructure that trend continues and it continues stronger so right now it's about one twentieth the amount of silver per capita that they were using you know so years ago and then again the trend continues so if you look at what's going on in the solar energy fuel a lot of solar energy produced in china in destin bestial side in china is huge on top of that you have gold and silver availability for investment in china as well right doesn't take much imagination to think about one quarter or a billion people in china so why not every one of them as well device over unless they catch on to be mass cars or you know how nz situation is. seriously there's a lot of pent up demand available in china and of course other places as well i see that would be one of the most bullish things under very side what's interesting. is that the recycling as storage increase and as i thought about it more and more it's it's very likely because there are more electronics some of them can be

the book. [laughter] and i would also like to just let you know that you can find a lot of these pictures on my webpage, audible survivor.com, and even these pictures from modern china i went there and they're selling the glorious past and what ever the chinese commies are interested in better relations with the u.s., they will talk about the great old spirit days. and now you can go there, and with his new socialist economy with chinese characters, you can read old world war ii, his army uniforms and put your kids in front of an idealistic picture of mao. and so i thank you for your attention, and i am delighted to be here, and hope that you go to the webpage and take a look at some of these of the photographs that i haven't had a chance to show you. there some chapters from the book there and i would love it if you want to buy the book. [applause] >> now i think we will take questions from the audience. please raise your hand, and then the volunteer will hand you the mic. right there, thank you. >> i had a question. [inaudible] >> well, he was an avid reader but his book was not fiction but he was an avid reader and the red a lot of science fiction. and he did rea

the enabling tool. conversely at this moment in china, the state is struggling to exert control over communication over the internet over other enterprises and of modern life and succeeding to a scary to agree. i hope not absolutely but i hope the internet that the pieces will be strong enough to overcome the technologies of the internet for state for corporate control. i don't think it is clear who the winner will be. it is something we need to pay attention to. >> host: i was fascinated by the idea of the aged two wells concept to the idea of the atmosphere but we go from there. [laughter] horror on a slightly higher notes or the much higher notes, wikipedia. it is one of the great things information has given us. i am afraid we're out of time. thank you so much. it has been great fun to chat with you. >> guest: it has been fascinating. >> thank you for coming. i am actually glad to see all of you. writing is a solitary endeavor. the only time you get outside of your computer screen is to interview somebody and a dark dusty place and then books go out on their own like a lost child you don't get to see where readers think after they read the book. n

modernization reporting from st petersburg. well the far east to russia's north this week as china's leader joined the gathering in st petersburg calling for a common efforts to get the global economy back on track hu jintao described the recovery as slow and fragile and said more form is needed it followed his trip to moscow where talks failed to decide on a price to ship russian gas directly to china however the leaders pledged to increase trade between the two countries and united against nato military campaign in libya based political scientist dr king believes china and russia will be able to counterbalance western supremacy urgent international problems. china russia trade and economic relationship and huge development between two nations i believe is not only of the impacting the european continent but oversaw the role of all of the seen. all these at the crossroad historic crossroads or some may say no wallace the brink of either being subdued war although coming to us nato military intervention in libya now moving into possibly syria or even to iran i hope that. russia china china russia leaving leading this new. the r

running for reelection it will be all about modernization reporting from st petersburg anything now a party. china's leaders came to trying to gathering in the northern capital and called for more efforts to the global economy by on an even keel president hu jintao called for additional reforms to quote would be slow pace of the recovery the visit to st petersburg was planted by a trip from moscow at it to countries fail to agree on the volume and quiet of russian natural gas to be exported to china however nato is inclined to quadruple their bilateral trade left with it it would in a decade catalyst told r.t. that a close alliance between moscow and beijing will bring economic benefits. to try not to be hugely important trade partner for russia both in terms only in general trade these are two countries that for many decades shared a political ideology at least to some extent the share the longest land border in the world to be much much greater partners than they are now if we look at russia is extremely keen to develop its oil and gas resources in the east of the country exporting those anywhere other than asia just doesn't make logistica

running for reelection it will be all about modernization reporting from st petersburg anything now a party. the far east also came to russia's north this week as china's leader joined the gathering in some petersburg calling for common efforts to get the global economy back on track describe the recovery is slow and fragile and said more form is needed it followed his trip to moscow talk failed to decide on a price to ship russian gas directly into china however the country's leaders did pledge to quadruple mutual trade with the live there k l a journalist julian lead told r.t. that a closer alliance between moscow and beijing will bring economic benefits for both . china also be hugely important trade partner for russia. in general trade these are two countries that for many decades shared a political ideology to some extent to share the longest land border in the world they ought to be much much greater partners than they are now if we look ahead russia is extremely keen to develop its oil and gas resources in the east of the country exporting those anywhere other than asia just doesn't make logistical or economic sense so really this is about russi

running for reelection it will be all about modernization reporting from st petersburg and yes the way r.t. . the far east go to russia's north this week china's leader joined the gathering in some papers calling for common efforts to get the global economy back on track or described the recovery a slow and. jalen said more reforms needed and followed his trip to moscow which will fail to decide on the price to ship russian gas directly into china however the leaders did pledge to increase trade between the two countries unite against nato's military campaign in libya raging bass political scientist told r.t. he believes china and russia will be able to counter balance western supremacy on urgent international problems. good china russia trade an economic relationship and a huge development between two nations i believe is not only of the impacting the european continent but also the global scene i believe the wall these are at the crossroads historic crossroads or some may say no wallace at the brink of either being subdued or all the coming to us nato military intervention in libya now moving into possibly syria or even to iran i hope saw th

running for reelection it will be all about modernization reporting from st petersburg a nice in the way r.t. . well the a far east thing to russia's north as china's leader joined the gathering in st petersburg calling for calm of efforts to get the global economy back on track to describe the recovery. slow and fragile and said more reform is needed it followed his trip to moscow where talks failed to decide on a price to ship russian gas directly into china last year moscow and beijing agreed to start supplies of siberia natural gas to energy hungry china through a new pipeline which should be built by twenty fifteen dr abolishing issues an expert in russia china relations is optimistic but says a deal worth a trillion dollars takes time. negotiation will be tough there will be a lot of terms that need to be determined negotiated it takes time but i'm basically optimistic about finding a deal out of italy because of the fundamental factors are there this economy is highly complimentary to each other so if if a deal is signed it will be a win win situation russia need to be more diversified in terms of market. wants to also was about worth the fi

modernization strategy centered on innovation which. gratifying progress is being made on their issue rounds and then leaving stands as of the russian people on their rising to. china and russia a major emerging markets. are the ones that development which provides an opportunity is like not only to each other but our sound. economy. asses from both sides down economics and trade cooperation passing a strong relationship interesting and we all have a common each other's major trading partners seeds. during my visit this. test in the middle that if i have agree. to raise bilateral or w. two hundred us dollars by twenty fifteen. to. two hundred billion yes not just by twenty twenty. to lance no impetus. really beneficial corporation investment and edgy in the energy ideation aerospace science and technology and finance as well as collaboration at the subtle national level including in our well expand called ration a new energy new materials nano technology and by corporation in green. ladies and gentleman. has set out to the gulf coast and asks for its economic and social development in the next five years that's caused us such as there is china's economic developmen

times the population united states as they as they modernize and in advance what it would would have greater g.d.p. growth that's just a natural consequence of a country rising of course and china and india are adopting free market principles even though it's not nearly what it should be and that's why their economies have grown over the last thirty years to have an africa has not why is it that we're no longer making things about the thing as president obama has talked about and he's right i mean we have to get serious about the fact that we don't make a lot of things in this country and we don't make enough of the things that clearly these emerging markets what i need so if we're going to actually deal with these trade got to make a couple things one we've got three trade agreements languishing on the hill thanks to our republican friends have decided they're going to block it but in addition to that we've got any and a lot. again this is a long term prospect not a short term prospect we've got to really focus on in terms of manufacturing are we making the things that people in other parts of the world actually want to buy let's look at the reasons why we're not making things