. >>> we're back with lieutenant general speaks, the modern nation chief. let me ask you about some specific requirements that you have from the tight shifting from iraq to afghanistan. you're producing a smaller version of the mrap vehicle. what are some of the other requirements you have special to afghanistan. >> you referred to the challenge we have with mrap. that is being worked vigorously as we develop a new generation of mrap. that will give us an ability to operate in afghanistan. >> off-road capability. >> concept is that you give it in suspension it has ability to operate off-road. and also retrofitting existing mrap. we are in the marine corps are joined in. we'll take 700 of the cougar family of vehicles and get them outfitted with independent suspension. all of this is a part of redefinition of the force, the force that that has done so well in iraq. so we're also looking, for example, for lighter carriers for the body arm more plates that we're wearing. soldier moving up and down mountains, 12,000 or 13,000 feet can't carry the 30-plus pounds

the system. so we are in dire need of modernization. your leadership for chicago and the old rails were going to fix this problem. the fta provides a blueprint for modernizing the nation's bad with systems by the modernization program and funds are allocated based on age, type of rail system and maintenance chances systems. realignment of the program will likely lead to an increase of one new jersey transit and ramada inn mta so i thank you for your leadership on this issue and as we're members of the committee to consider the recommendations is to deliver the transportation bill in the coming months. with that i thank you again for the opportunity to testify in of like to answer questions you might have kenneth a. gary much. >> thank you for the opportunity to testify today and also like to thank you for your leadership on transit issue. this best the legislation arrangements and climate change here it is sometimes we are called american's chances of our american subway. metro is the largest public transit rider in the national capital region and nationally we aren't the synovitis of the system and the sixth largest bus system in the united states. we provide in a rese

cynical at reach, or has this been an admirable attempt to get the tribes into the identity of the modern nation is the national army of afghanistan guilty of leading the fight against the taliban. can they be reformed and ernest that -- earned the respect of the afghan people. this political reconciliation achievable. but can they survive the negotiated return of the taliban. we are joined by two very distinguished panelists. >> general barham and a man from the center for peace. he holds a master of laws degree, he is a graduate of the national army war college. this was in the united states at all levels, from litton had to lieutenant-general. he deployed in october 2003 to afghanistan, commanding 20,000 u.s. forces and combined forces command in afghanistan, as part of operation enduring freedom. he was responsible for the u.s. central command, for pakistan and most of the southern part of the is pakistan. the nato force and many members of the surrounding nations. he is the director of the center for strategic studies at the defense universities, and his comments today are not a reflection

by opening a website about the military, people at home and abroad can get a better understanding of china and its national defense force. >> reporter: and in the modern era, old and new have become friends. part of a program to forge better understanding between the soldiers of the two remaining superpowers. but the u.s. is still adease with china and congress has very stated its suspicion over dramatic rises in chinese military budgets. china's also taking on the role of international policemen. this is as global profile rises. chinese peacekeepers taking a major part in the force in darfur. for some their deployment may be controversial but in chin it is seen as a duty that comes with the nation's increasing profile. the pla does, however have, a darker past. 20 years ago in june 1989, the people's liberation army turned their guns on those they were supposed to protect. when chinese troops used delayed force against students here on tiananmen square it changed many people's minds about the military. and it became clear that the pla ultimately answered to the party and not the people. other disasters, however, have served the pla well, after last y

national security needs. second, i think as an economic modern trade policy needs to be oriented away from fta's and toward the large industries that have employers here and our main trading partners. i point in particular to

the last of the kennedy men and the last prominent post fdr unreconstructed oversized liberal in national politics. the senate produces few lions and the last of the moderns now gone. >>> funeral arrangements for ted kennedy are as they say, still being finalized tonight. here is what we know. tomorrow morning, the senator's body will be taken from here by motorcade to the kennedy library in boston where it will lie in repose, prior to a memorial service friday evening. a funeral mass will be held saturday morning in boston after which senator kennedy will be brought to arlington national cemetery where he will be buried not far from brothers robert and john. nbc news by the way will offer live coverage of the mass on this nbc station. >>> when "nightly news" continues in a moment, more on the extraordinary life of edward m. kennedy including a conversation with some long-time friends. ♪ rsepower-generating, ecoboost™ engine in the all-new ford taurus sho that has the thirst of a v6 with the thrust of a v8. we speak car. we speak innovation. introducing the all-new taurus sho from ford. drive one. introducing the all-new taurus sho from ford. it's critic

we're congratulagratified to this shape takes the name of one of the most courageous inspiring heroic marines to serve our nation in modern>> julie: dunham posthumusly given the medal of hoorp for his valor. washington, attempting to ride into the guinness book of world record backwards. danny rogers training hours a day for the last six months, riding on his bike on his handle bars backward. more than a borderline obsession. >> it's taken over my life. i want to be in the guinness book of world records. >> this weekend, rogers tried to break the record held by an australian since 1985. we're still awaiting the official results and that's a fox watch across america. i had no idea somebody else shared my fafvorite hobby, whata coincidence. a man in wisconsin building a ten-seat hog. take a look at this. it's 24 feet long and has seven engines, some of which date back 100 years. . >> it's like a rolling history of harley davidson's engine 1909 to president they came out with the first v-twin and this reflects the first v-twin up through the new twin calm cam. >> julie: steve and nine passengers started the 900 mile ride to

the 90 degree temperatures. >> the national seven new general manager tonight. in the redskins park, they're like kids at the last day of school. >>> are considered to be the fathers of the modern operations forces. they were honored at the marine corps base. the 99 reign raiders killed in action in world war two will never be forgotten. these bricks named in their honor at this museum will ensure that. >> those youn men had no lives at a nobody to buy a brick. so we got their brakes. >> japanese forces were moving throughout the pacific. nobody could stop them. not the americans, the british, the dutch, or the french. not until the raiders appeared on the sea. they were capable of landing from submarines, destroyers, or aircraft. there the first combat forces to wear camouflage, be trained in martial arts, by fighting, and operate at night. >> i always carry this list of those that died. i tried every day to remember them in prayer. >> therewe re the first american background -- the first american ground operations. it was the first significant defeat of japanese forces in the war. were the 65 years later, they still vividly remember, and to help others do, too. >> but remembe

the attention of a diverse congregation. he helped to lead south africa through a turning point in modern history, helping to heal wounds and laid the foundation for a new nation. he has brought hope to those who search for freedom. [applause] [applause] muhammad unis. [applause] with his belief in self-reliance of people, he has altered the face of finance and of entrepreneurship. he struggles with economic theories and the effects of them on the people of his native bangladesh. yearning for a way to lift people out of poverty, he revolutionized banking to allow low-income borrowers access to credit. he has enabled citizens of the world's poorest country to support their families and build profitable businesses, sustaining their community. in doing so he has unleashed avenues of creativity and allowed millions worldwide to imagine their own potential. [applause] [applause] >> before we break up, we should give an extraordinary round of applause. [applause] [applause] shepard: there you go. the medals of freedom for 16 people at the white house today. the news continues now. we have brand new details on a sex scandal involving one of college basketball's bigge

godfather of conservative direct mail and has created the modern conservative movement by helping dozens and dozens of leading conservative groups in the nation bypass the media and recharge to get donors to support causes that advocate for conservative principles brought next to him is thomas phillips. he is a heavyweight in conservative media and the founder of eagle international which started with a $1,000 investment in 1974 and grew that to a newsletter business in the hundreds of millions of dollars in revenues. he is best known as the owner of viggo publishing which produces human events which ronald reagan said was his favorite publication and tom has kept it true to the tradition of ronald reagan and regnery books that publishes best seller after best-seller that you are very familiar that what they publish. next to him it is thomas fuentes who is a leading republican in the state of california. a longtime chairman of the orange county republican committee, one of the nation's most leading hispanic businessmen and also joining us is jon utley a long time conservative activist the associate publisher of the american conservative magaz

magazine said he's finally running for president, calling it a major new chapter in the saga of the nation's mos eminent modern that ended in defeat. now we've heard that there will be a final "time" magazine cover commemorative issue, this one that will be out this week on friday. >> it will be out on friday, abbi. thanks very much. one of senator kennedy's best friends in the senate sat on the other side of the aisle. that would be republican senator orrin hatch of utah. he's joining us now from salt lake city. senator, how did that work out? you were close friends but politically you weren't so close on many issues. tell us how that happened. >> well, when reagan took over i became chairman of the labor and human resources committee. we had two liberal republicans who usually voted with liberal democrats on the committee and only seven of us that were conservatives. so, wipt to teddy and i said, ted, i can't run this committee without you. i need your help. to ted's credit, he said, orrin,ly help you. he said there were certain things i can't do, that he could don't like the unions and so forth and the demo

the senator will be laid to rest at arlington national cemetery. >> it has been said that senator edward kennedy has probably done more to influence american public policy than any senator in modern history. our team coverage continues with more on how the contributions are felt right here in baltimore. >> his family is in mourning. we caught up with ted kennedy's knees as she was waiting for a flight from massachusetts. -- at four massachusetts. >> today, i join the world in mourning the loss of a man that will forever be a true american hero. >> you may not know how the life's work of senator ted kennedy has touched more life. one senator who chairs the presidential bid and says his work in washington has seen -- save milliond of women's lives. whether it was creating the office of women's health that helped bring down breast cancer rates, he always said that he governed best when we work together. that would be the great legacy. >> one doctor says that kennedy's legacy is living on and millions of american children. i ensured kids that got access to medical care because he championed programs like schip and medicaid. >> i think it is a fabulous legacy for him, and something al

the american people. can we achieve that without what cluck is talking about? nation building. i do not personally think we can modernizefghanistan. there are historical political, cultural, economic forces that are massive in that country, and we can't turn them around. one of the great questions of american foreign policy is always sustainability. we get excited about a place, we are willing to put billions of dollars into it in the short-term, but you cannot solve afghanistan's problems in the short-term. all of the experts are telling us decades, so the question, chuck, is, are your colleagues and mine willing to put billions and billions and billions of dollars over not a year or two or three, but decades into afghanistan? >> to protect the core interests. >> do you feel like the white house has clear object it was here? richard holbrook was in a forum this week and somebody asked him what success is and when he said well we will know it when we see it? >> i don't think that is a particularly reassuring answer, but i think that is indicative, though, to this foggy, vaporous idea that still is floating around out th

is extremely important that the government, the national government or whatever, would take care of the negative consequences of free trade and other economic modernization, when they do impact individuals. but there will be discrepancies between the global benefits of economic growth and the individual perception. this does apply to principles no. 5, which is the destructive creation, to use the word of joseph peter, destructive creation, when an activity has become obsolete, irrelevant, it is to be closed, destroyed, in order to be reaced by something else. in principle, like free trade, it is extremely efficient. in planned economy, new factories were closed, this is why there was no growth in the soviet union. when you close a factory, simultaneoly, new factories or new activities will be created somewhere, but you don't know where. therefore, there will be no television coverage. it is like free trade, it creates a symmetry. this explains why for politicians, pundits, is easier, beyond the fact that sometimes they do not understand the principle of economics or they do not like it which is in st. what you don't understand, you don't like, it helps,

in retrospect i think he was correct in trying to modernize the supreme court by expanding the commerce clause. you can hardly imagine a modern nationalnomy if it had not been for the supreme court finally understanding that the federal government had a role in interstate commerce and the expansion of the costs, the regulations with regards to accidents in industry -- there is a whole range of things. guest: the earlier interpretation of the constitution in regard to the interstate commerce clause, if there were a steel factory in pittsburgh or a coal mine in west virginia owned by a larger , national steel co., the earlier interpretation said this coal mine, factory is in a single state. that's it. therefore, the national government has no authority to control anything there. no wages, working conditions, but ever. what happened in the spring of 1937 with the chief justice hughes who masterminded this argument said this is out of whack with how the country really works. the crucial case had to do with jones still company. if there were a factory in pittsburgh that had a strike he said this would definitely affect interstate commerce.

refurbishing the war heads and engineers realized they forgotten key skills that took time and money to relearn. unacceptable for a nation that extends its umbrella to 40 nations. america's reluctant to modernizeve those who rely on that umbrella. to guarantee their security na. outcome would be inconsistent with washington's nonproliferation goals. the president said he wants a safe and secure and selective arsenal and america must invest in a new generation of nuclear devices. thanks for joining us. you can watch this program online at defense news tv.com or e-mail me at... we will be back next sunday morning at 11:00. have a great week.

conservative direct mail and has created really the modern conservative movement by helping dozens and dozens of many of the leading conservative groups in the nation. bypass the media and machek to give donors to support cause that advocate for conservative principles. next to him is thomas phillips. thomas is a heavyweight conservative media. he is the founder of eagle international, which started with the 1,000-dollar investment newsletter business in 1974 and grew that to a newsletter business in the hundreds of millions of dollars in revenues. he is best known as the owner of the eagle publishing, which produces human events which rodham reagan said was his most favorite publication and tom has kept a true to the traditions of ronald reagan. at regnery books, which publishes bestseller rafter bestseller that many of you are very familiar with the books that they publish. next to tom is, fuentes. , fuentes is a leading republican in the state of california. he was the longtime chairman of the orange county republican committee. he is one of the nation's leading and most successful hispanic republicans and businessmen. also joining us is jon utl

enormous costs of fraud will largely go unchecked without the leadership of the nation's consumer protection agency. we created the ftc modern anti-fraud program in 1981 when i directed the bureau of consumer protection. we used section 13 b. to halt fraudulent schemes and to obtain consumer redress and other potent equitable remedies. once launched, the fraud program grew in importance and success. each succeeding ftc chairman has expanded its scope and approved its operation. while i was chairman, we greatly increased cooperation with criminal authorities, helping put bad actors in jail. further, we expanded the ftc's consumer protection efforts to spanish media. when i arrived, the ftc directed very little attention to marketing that appeared in any language other than english. we corrected the problem and that effort continues. i want to personally thank senator nelson, who has stepped into florida delegation helped us a lot with that effort. the fraud program is at the heart of what i believe is the ftc's proper role. in america, we use markets to organize our economy. consumers derive vast economic benefits over the lo

the potential of the nationally connected citizenry. when the government is willing to make our vital national and information to the public, and that means online and in real time. most fundamentally, government must carry to modernizeisclosure of ethics and influence data. among the government's primary responsibilities is to preserve public trust on which it is built. the summit foundation has a focus on creating digital access to this information which includes campaign contributions, a earmarks, lobbying records and personal financial disclosure statements. president obama clearly shares this priority processing for example in the change we can believe in to build a centralized online database of lobbying reports, tax earmarks, congressional ethics records, campaign finance filings and information on how much federal contractors spend on lobbying. if fulfilled, this vision for all mine accountability start can deepen the public trust in government and in power citizens and government overseers alike and exposing and detouring public corruption. ethics.gov will need to be built on interoperable databases to allow functions between different bodies of information many of which will be posted on line after a real c

the city and the nation. it takes us through the 1896 presidential election which was william jennings against william mckinley, generally considered the most exciting campaign in american history and certainly the first modern campaign with the whistle-stop tours and his charismatic figure as we has, perhaps, seen until obama. hearst played a very crucial role in that election as the only publisher in the whole of the northeast who was supporting. right after that they find themselves in another sort of war over cuba which is generally considered one of the low points in the history of american journalism. i personally think it was one of the greatest things in a newspaper has ever done. first advocating u.s. intervention against spain over cuba. we can perhaps talk about that more later. but that was america's entry to the world stage and a crucial event in the life of the country. the really exciting episode in the newspaper war in new york at the time. by the end of about three years hearst had emerged not only as the largest circulating publisher in the city, but the voice of the democratic party in the u.s. and the voice of the left really in the u.s. at the time. he went on to found what was the great

the industrial revolution. it's been bypassed by most major modern developments and by modern, we can go back, you know, a century and a half. afghanistan doesn't have a railway network. it doesn't have a national grid for electricity that reaches across the country. it's very hard for people's lives to improve. as the rest of the world races ahead in the computer age and advance medical techniques around the world, afghanistan is very much stuck in the dark age ages. >> there's the afghan/pakistan border, the tribal region, it's a primitive lifestyle. we've been to some of these local villages, the homes are made out of mud. it's very hot. it's one of the most mountainous and rugged regions in the world. and these are people that were born to fight. you know, for ages their way of life is fighting. >> reporter: 30 year of war, generation raised in war, children left orphaned, women left widowed. an economy flattened. people sickened by this endless conflict. they are fed up. everyone you speak to says, when will this end? >> upon landing in afghanistan, it was my first visit there what struck me was how primitive and backwards that country was. there was no electricity. there was no running wa

the establishment and in the lincoln republicans insisted on freedom and national unity and then the progress of took over both parties and dominated both in bringing in a modern government. then the new deal democrats and fdr and finally reagan in the coract with america republicans. you've had eight waves of change, you can't get that changed inside the campaign system. i think it's a little bit like why i write books. that scale of change is a longer format and takes more effort, requires you to go out and organize people over a period of years not over a matter of weeks. i think it can be done in both parties. >> host: as a tool of you seem to be fan as someone at all this for a long time of the multi point plans or bullet point analysis or less. is that from our history as a teacher? >> guest: it probably comes from my backgroundsn army brat. when you look at how military planning is done it is very clear, barry systemac and 1234. is strikes me as a good way to communicate and educate people. i try to be genuinely didactic in the original mning of the world that is genuinely teaching. my books are written to teach both my novels and nonfiction are teachin

we will be increasing the availability of resources to repair, upgrade and expand real transit systems. although a is important to modernize our nation's existing rail infrastructure, we must also develop rail in areas without systems to improve mobility and promote smarter growth. one city continues to develop its rail system. the local contribution will likely be 70% of the cost, but it will still need significant federal support. i thank the witnesses for appearing today and look forward to working with members of the committee to increase resources available for transit. thank you for conducting this hearing. >> thank you, senator. we will start with our first panel. we will have two panels. our first is the administrator of the federal transit administration. this is his first appearance before the committee. it has been a pleasure to work with an administrator who understands the senate as well as the national transportation issues. we look forward to a long-term relationship and your thoughts today on the critical issue of what is at the heart of the ability to operate in the 21st century. the floor is yours. >> thank you, it is

the fda and transit agencies around the nation. -- fta but there are areas like you to touch upon. we need more funding for the real modernizationprogram. i believe the committee needs to consider whether we need a temporary funding regime to get through the state of good repair backlog and explore emergency spending authority if situations arise that are particularly urgent or cute. i would like to hear your ideas about funding needs and how best to structure those investments. in addition to the additional funding that may be needed, fta should work with and are -- agencies to improve their current situation. they should develop a program to provide technical assistance to help these agencies manage and maintain their assets. i also know there is a lot of interest and different views on how to modify the existing fixed guide way formula. i do not want this hearing to become a squabble between transit systems. i would still like to have input on the topic. there are several agencies that wish to participate today. there are some that could not. if you -- the could not be here, i would like them to submit their point of view in

continue under current budget policy, in 10 years the interest payments on the national debt will exceed defense funding, for the first time in modernistory. this means that further increases in defense spending seemed highly unlikely that we will be able to do that. that means that underlying trends in the defense budget will constrain how defense money is spent. if history is any indicator, will continue to see personnel, healthcare, and peacetime operating cost increase. acquisitions that have already been insufficiently funded to keep pace with systems that are becoming obsolete are also likely to continue to experience cost growth, as we have seen in the past. this will lead to some really hard decisions in the department of defense. pressure will mount to scale back some of the modernization plans. the sooner action is taken to correct some of these budgetary issues, the less painful these decisions will be. >> coming up on c-span, the white house hold a reception for the newest member of the supreme court, justice sonia sotomayor. then congressman kevin brady hold healthcare town hall meeting in livingston, texas. followed by

thanks to the industrial revolution, the rise of mass armies of large nation states, the maturation of modern means of communication, command and control and intelligence, the concept of operational art or the phenomenon of operational art grows in importance. for example, in u.s. strategy in the civil war particularly if you look at lincoln and grant's strategy in the last year and a half where, for example, all the armies start moving the same day against lee and johnston and others. then we see van mull ca using something like this as well. we get into distributed maneuver of large masses of men across various fronts and so on until we get to world war i where the real problem is converting tactical gains into strategic objectives and getting past -- which the failure to do so leads to the stalemate on the western front. on the eastern front, it's a very different kind of war, but there again strategic objectives are not really achieved until the russian army breaks down in 1918, and then the germans still lost the war despite overrunning western russia. the concept of operational art is d

the lessons of modern war. he formerly served as national security assistant to senator john mccain and on the senate armed services committee and is director of intelligence assessments in the office of the secretary of defense. tony and kim, who will introduce in a moment, have both worked in afghanistan recently as part of a team that was sent out there to advise general mccoy is still -- general mcchristal. kimberly kagan is the president of the institute for the study of war. she's a military historian who has toured the u.s. military academy at west point, yale, a georgetown, and at american university. she has conducted six battlefield circulations of iraq since may 2007. she was an adviser to the commanding general. i think it is now two tours in afghanistan for centcom and for the general. she has participated formally in the joint campaign plan assessment team for the multinational force of iraq and has a host of other advisory roles to the military. she's the author of "the eve of command," and "surged, a military history." finally, we have our very own bruce riedel, senior fellow in the foreign policy p

the first congregational. turning point in modern -- south africa at a turning point in modern history. he helped heal wounds and lay the foundation for a new nation. he continues to give voice to the voiceless and bring hope to those who search for freedom. mohammed yunus. with his belief in self- reliance of all people, professor mohammed yunus is altered the face of finance. theories and their effect on the people out of poverty, he revolutionized banking to allow borrowers access to credit. he is unable thyssen's to create -- citizens of the world to create sustainable communities. he has unleashed new avenues of creativity and inspired millions worldwide to imagine their own potential. >> before we break up, why do not we all an extraordinary round of applause? [applause] thank you very much. cable satellite corp. 2009] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2009] >> mohammed yunus was also at the press club wednesday. the target of efforts to fight poverty. this is an hour. >> i want to welcome each review to the press club. i in the chair and the news makers committee. -- i

the book and why. judge richard arnold was a rarity among modern federal judges, in part because of his reputation. he was a national figure, widely admired by supreme court justices and others, and because his admirers included both liberals and since conservatives. when president clinton considered arnell to replace justice blackmun on the supreme court, that support from both sides of the political spectrum was evidence. it may be that as president obama considers his replacements for the supreme court, that we may learn something from richard arnold. i also wrote the book, however because it is important for the public to have a broader understanding of the work of the lower federal courts. less than 1% of all federal court cases end up in the supreme court. federal judges, like richard arnold, are effectively the final word on the many contentious social and political issues that end up in the federal courts. there are nearly 200 court of appeals judges. there are nearly 600 trial court judges. we really care about their work because it is often overshadowed by interest in the supreme court. what i tried to do

continue under current budget policy, in ten years, the interest payments on the national debt will actually exceed defense funding for the first time in modernistory that we've seen that. so what this means is that further increases in defense spending above what's already planned seem highly unlikely that we'll be able to do that. and that means that underlying trends within the defense budget are going to constrain how defense money is spent. if history is any indicator, we will continue to see personnel, health care, and peacetime operating costs increase, acquisitions, which have already been insufficiently funded to keep pace with systems that are becoming obsolete, are also likely to continue to experience cost growth, as we've seen in the past. so what this is going to lead to is some really hard decisions in the department of defense. pressure will mount to scale back some of the modernization plans. pressure may mount to scale back the force structure. but one thing is for sure, the sooner action is taken to correct some of these budgetary issues, the less painful these decisions are going to be. so with that, i will open it up to q

we will be increasing the availability of resources to repair, upgrade and expand real transit systems. although a is important to modernize our nation's existing rail infrastructure, we must also develop rail in areas without systems to improve mobility and promote smarter growth. one city continues to develop its rail system. the local contribution will likely be 70% of the cost, but it will still need significant federal support. i thank the witnesses for appearing today and look forward to working with members of the committee to increase resources available for transit. thank you for conducting this hearing. >> thank you, senator. we will start with our first panel. we will have two panels. our first is the administrator of the federal transit administration. this is his first appearance before the committee. it has been a pleasure to work with an administrator who understands the senate as well as the national transportation issues. we look forward to a long-term relationship and your thoughts today on the critical issue of what is at the heart of the ability to operate in the 21st century. the floor is yours. >> thank you, it is

the first congregational. he helped salt erika at a turning point in modern -- south africa at a turning point in modern history. he helped heal wounds and lay the foundation for a new nation. he continues to give voice to the voiceless and bring hope to those who search for freedom. mohammed yunus. with his belief in self-reliance of all people, professor mohammed yunus is altered the face of finance. he struggled with economic theories and their effect on the people of his native bangladesh. during for a new way of letting people out of poverty, he revolutionized banking to allow borrowers access to credit. he is unable thyssen's to create -- citizens of the world to create sustainable communities. he has unleashed new avenues of creativity and inspired millions worldwide to imagine their own potential. >> before we break up, why do not we all an extraordinary round of applause? [applause] thank you very much for joining as everyone. thank you very much. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2009] >> up next on c-span, ambassador richard holbrooke the discussion on u.s. policy in afghanistan am pakistan

modern history. with an unshakeable hume il hit and firm commitment tore our humanity, he helped heal wounds and lay the foundation for a new nation. he continues to give voice to the voiceless and bring hope to those who thirst for freedom. [ applause ] m >> muhammad yunus. with his belief in the self reliance of all people, he has altered the face of finance and entrepreneurship. as an academic, he struggled with prevading economic theorys and their effects on the people of his native bangladesh. yearning for a new way of lifting people out of poverty, he revolutionized banking to allow low-income borrowers access to credit. in the process, he has enable citizens of the poorest countries to create profitable business, support their families and help build sustainable communities. he has unleashed new avenues of creativities and inspired millions worldwide to imagine their own potential. [ applause ] >> before we break up, why don't we all give an extraordinary amount of applause to these remarkable men and women. [ applause ] . >> thank you very much for joining us, everyone. thank you very much. >>> what an amazing event this h

continue under current budget policy, in 10 years, the interest payments on the national debt will exceed defense funding for the first time in modernis means that further increases in defense spending above what is already planned seemed highly unlikely and that we will be able to do that. underlying trends in the defense budget will constrain how the defense money is spent. if history is any indicator, we will continue to see personnel, health care, and peacetime operating costs increase. acquisitions have already been insufficiently funded to keep pace with systems that are becoming obsolete and are also likely to continue to experience cost. , as we have seen in the past. this will lead to some really hard decisions in the department of defense. pressure will mount to scale back modernization plans. pressure may mount to scale back the force structure. the sooner that action is taken to correct budgetary issues, willwe did a less painful than they will be. with that, i will open it up to questions. >> you talked about the projections for future budgets to maintain the same level of funding. do you think the plans are reasonable

modern conservatism. >> book tv is asking what are you reading? >> i am the editor in chief of a video journalism site and the web supplement to reason magazine, the monthly -- the nation's only monthly magazine of fremont and free market. we have an around since 1968, a small libertarian magazine interested in things like free minds and free market, open borders, drug legalization, economic deregulation, basically letting it rip, laizzez-faire across the board. i read a lot. this summer, my favorite book so far which is hitting bookstores in august is everybody is stupid except for me and other us to the observations. he is a reason's official cartoonist. he does comic essays for the past 10 years. everybody is still good except for me has already gone rate reviews, it is a great read. other books i have read recently include are you serious? everybody must get stoned, rock stars on drugs, which reviewed for the new york post, a compilation of snippets about rock stars and their misadventures with drugs. it is a fascinating read, a sobering book as well as a lot of fun at the same time. i recently finished clinton's babylon burning, a long history of popular music start

modern war. he formally served as national security -- with joh mccain on the senate armed services committee andas director of intelligence assessment in th office of the secretary of defense. tony and kim kagen, who i'll introduce in a moment, both worked in afghanistan recently part of a team that was sent out there to advise general mcchrystal as he looked at his review of u.s. strategy there. kim kagen is the president of the institute of the study of war. she's a military historian who's toured theilitary academy at west point, yale, georgetown and at american unersity. kim has conducted six battlefield circulations of iraq since may of 2007 asn adviser to the commanding general. and i think it's now two tours in afghanistan. one for general m she has a host ofther advisory roles to the military. she's theuthor of "the eve of command." and of "the surge in military history." finally we'll have our very own. bruce has had or 30 years' experience in the cia as an analyst. but more recently has worked in senior capacities at the nationa security council where he has been a middle east adviser

the national guard. when the military is changing because of the world changes, what does that mean. >> well, as technology changes and the modern weapons we're using today, we're in an information age right now and technology changes, we must change remain relevant. >>> this particular battalion has a long history. >> they served in world war i and they were part of d-day. it is historic and recently, in its last three deployments, they haven't used guns and they're doing more police type missions. >> and is that what they'll do now >> there's a wide variety of missions and the soldiers are transformed into other units in the state. today is the formal ceremony. >> and this is a good thing for maryland and you were saying that many are quite emotional about it. >> yes, there's a lot of emotion tied to the flag. it's a flag that the troops rally around in times of combat and they have a lot of roots here there will be a lot of veterans here today and there will be a gentlemen that served in the 30s. there's a lot of history here today and you'll see it and as the maryland guard transforms. >> thank you, charles coaler. that mean

the international financial reporting standards. we have undertaken a solvency modernization initiative that will evaluate lessons learned nationally internationally, and examine areas appropriate for refinement. we were internationally with a g-20, the join form, the financial stability forum, the international association of insurance supervisors, the oecd and others. we work collaboratively with our international counterparts to develop and improve international standards. we brought our foreign counterparts to the united states and develop a standardized in ou to allow for international information sharing. with the world's most competitive mature marketplace, we, your states, are the gold standard for gold untrimmed revelation in developing countries. through the holding company act we mark the release of capital from an insurer and support our system of a multi-jurisdictional predation. our expertise can be applied to international cross-border transactions, but all insurers operating in our country must be independently viable. our financial analysis working group coordinates leading financial regulators from multiple states

the context to say does a family practice shariah law. there are cultures and nations that are under shariah law. i'm not an expert. gretchen: would wouldn't that be modern this case is all about shariah calls for the killing of a family member who converts to christianity. >> if you are asking specifically if the barys feel bound to commit such a heinous act against their daughter, the answer is. no they do not practice that they do not believe that and they would not do that. gretchen: what you are trying to argue is that by the letter of the law the judge should not allow her to stay in florida away from her family in ohio because the mosque where they attend may believe such things? >> yell, and if that was established, that was the teaching of that mosque and it was common among people who were there, even if that was established, correct, that would be true. now, look, understand. in cases like these, typically, even if the allegations are true true, we'll typically be given a case plan there will be things the state would want them to do. attend classes, participate in family counseling, maybe a family therapy. gretchen: you want to bring her back

extremely important that the government or local or national government or whatever, would take care of the negative net consequences of free trade and other kinds of economic modernizationhen they do impact individuals. but, there will be all of this discrepancy between the global benefits of economic growth and the individual perception. this does apply to principle number five, which is a destructive creation, to use the word of-- when inactivity has become obsolete, irrelevant, it has to be closed, destroyed in order to be replaced by something else. in principle, it is like free trade is extremely efficient. in non-efficient countries, new factories were closed and this is why there was no growth in the soviet union for example. but when you close a factory, this will ensure-- simultaneously new factories or new activities will be created somewhere but you don't know where and therefore there will be no television coverage. creative destruction is like free trade. i.t. creates effective asymmetry and this explains why for politicians, columnist, pundits it is easier in a way beyond the fact that sometimes they do not understand the principle of economics or they do

that roosevelt was correct in trying to bring, modernized the supreme court expanding the commerce clause. one could highly-- hardly imagine a moderate national, the economy that and then for the supreme court finally understanding that the federal government had a role in interstate commerce and the expansion close, the regulations with regards to accidents in the industry. well, there's a whole range of things and i would like to hear your comment on that. >> guest: the early conservative-- in regard to the interstate commerce clause, it there was say they steel factory in pittsburgh or a coal mine in west virginia that was owned by a larger national steel company, the earlier interpretation said, this coalmine, this factory is in a single state mac period so therefore the central government and the national government has no authority to control anything there, wages, working conditions would never. what happened in the spring of 1937 and it was really the chief justice, charles evans hughes, who masterminded this legal argument, is that it said this is really out of whack with how the country really works and that if, on the crucial case

the modern records of what we're looking for on mars, and they are elusive. they may be everywhere or may be almost no wear. steam goes down to the mid ocean ridge. nasa and the nationalcience foundation invested in studying these environments. they may be lurking on mars. we do not know. this is what we would love to find on mars. this is the region in iceland which most recently erupted. these kind of boiling steam events, we have seen chemical signature is now of the rock deposit that would come from this kind of thing. i like to tell the story to our camera man. when we filmed this, he did not quite realize the peril he was in. it shows the nature of human exploration. that is just the ooze that we find that would love to find on mars. about 50 years ago, 51 years ago now, the great american modernist painter, someone -- someone known as georgia o'keeffe, painted this famous picture, of ladder to the moon. i did it was a harbinger of an era of human exploration that went to the moon and the space shuttle that allowed servicing hubbell. it was a harbinger. this great picture was painted by the inspiration of her ranch in new mexico, and i think it might have define

as the navy goes through modernization of the aegis fleet, 80 some odd ships, the ability to put a bmd capability you can extend through the entire aegis leap should the nation desire to do so. and franca, for operational flexibility, we need more ships. i did not talk about this before but i get asked a lot what makes you guys successful? culturally those of us that are grown up in aegis standard community grew up in a rigor of where the government had a strong team in the program office and into government labs combined with johns hopkins physics lab, that is a pure of our industry. so that together, we had insight what industry is doing and vice versa. industry will come, wants to know the exact requirements to understand that trade space and design. so having been able in the industry, have to walk in the program office and find that this is what you have in writing. let camp out on exactly what you're trying to achieve. whether it is in that missile or the weapons system. that is truly, had we not had a strong relationship, burnt frost would not have been possible. because there was stuff we found on models on the government side in the industry, and we

as the navy goes through modernization of the aegis fleet, 80 some-odd ships, the ability to put a b.m.d. capability you can extend through the entire aegis fleet should the nation desire to do so, and frankly, for operational flexibility we need more ships. i did not talk about this before the last two times here but i get asked a lot what makes you guys successful? culturally, those of us that have grown up in the aegis standard missile community grew up in a rigor where the government had a strong team, in the program office and in the government labs combined with johns hopkins applied physics lab as a t.d.a. that is a tier of our industry partners so that together we have insight in what industry is doing and vice versa. industry it is will come -- wants to know the exact requirements to understand that trade space and the design. so having -- being able as an industry guy to walk in the program office and find out, ok, this is what you have in writing, let's understand, let's camp out on the exact meaning of what you are trying to achieve whether it's in the missile or the weapons system, that is truly priceless. had we not had that strong relationship, bu

the long run, they are crucial. having a strong educational system that creates a modern workers is to our competitive advantage. we are spending 17% of nationalome on health care, more than other countries. we need to contain it. every dollar you spend on health care is something you cannot spend elsewhere. both issues are crucial for long-term growth. it is not the same as trying to figure out how to get out of this recession. host: from fort comelinda, are you there? -- from florida, linda. caller: spending has gone up 30%, and then there is the health-care issue. people are broke. we're going to be taxed. how are we going to buy if all we do is pay taxes? guest: the president has said his goal is to be deficit neutral, not require any additional spending in the next 10 years. that said, it will include some kind of tax policy to pay for the new things. it is true that the president's proposal -- a how that works out, how to tax high- quality programs some companies give their employees -- all these things have costs. there are not a lot of free lunches to be had in economics. that is true in health care as well. host: thanks for joining us

looks to the lyndon johnson era for this, and he writes just a few days before the national of action he was part of a crowd of 700 people. first republican congressman elected to taxes and the modern era. crowd of several hundred people who surrounded lyndon johnson and his wife ladybird as they arrived for a luncheon. many of the demonstrators carried signs labeling the texas senator. he sold out to yankee socialists. in built for more than half an hour. johnson refused offers of police assistance telling an aide at the time has come. i can't walk with my lady. the backlash was instant and powerful. the conservative columnist better wrote this scene out rates thousands of texas and seveners. senator richard b. russell had not campaigned since 1944 telephoned johnson that evening to offer his services. making a comparison to how the public might react today and watching the town of protest to be let's go to our next phone caller from shreveport, l ouisiana. independent line. >> caller: yes, ma'am. nobody has read this bill, it seems to me. all these so-called congressman won't take the time to read the bill. they get out here to these town hall meetings. the people that go to thes

modernization. one of the mud's missions and one of the things we work on and i work on isdentify with flood hazarded our nationnber one cost of the nation in terms of natural disasters and i d't know if you know that. flood sap and everywhere all the time. and by identifying that hazard fema can do a couple of things. they can rate insurance and sell insurance prorly and mitigate against the flood b affecting local ordinances and building codes to say you have to build this high this low or in this area or not in this area. where weebuild, where we provide federal funding for structures a such, so flood hazard identification orapping of this flood hazard is a very important thing. but can't just identify the hazard. we have to cmunicate that zard to folks of they can take action and that is a very exciting thing about our program. it is taking not just the quality data, hazded minification but we are goin to make a big push in terms of public awareness and you will see national bank teens to raise the nation's flood hazard awareness that hopefully will result in local elections so they go, okathis is serious.