the moon has the same marks on the moon, but it does not have active geology. the hydrosphere there is much less active than earth can which means there could be massive deposits of rare earth metals, but that could be on the moon as well. we need to prospect the moon and understand it. there is a lot we don't know. from 1969 until 2008, most people believed that the moon was bone dry. 2008, the indians made a discovery there is water ice. 2009, nasa discovers that there is hundreds of billions of tons of water ice. that should have changed our perspective immediately, going back to the moon with a sustainable architecture to do the science, discovery, and do more than we have ever done before. the architecture not only gets us to the equatorial regions, which is what apollo did, it gets us to more parts of the moon than we have been to before, so we can make those discoveries. we should know more about the moon today than we did. we have just not been doing it. the other thing that the moon represents -- we talk about the gateway in orbit around the moon , and

we're not going to have another apollo program whether for the moon or mars i mean apollo was a very special time we had a cold war going on between the u.s. and the soviet union space had been identified as one of the areas in which you could demonstrate the superiority of your culture and you know the the russians were launching things first and then the americans and finally we got to the moon first. but at a tremendous cost i mean at the height of the apollo program over four hundred thousand people were working on apollo it was for about two years nasa was getting almost four percent of the u.s. government's budget that's not going to happen again so nasa if they're going to be successful in space exploration has to learn to do it not apollo style but affordably and i think therefore there's a lot to be learned from the public sector and by working with the public sector and using these developments particularly the rockets and the spacecraft developed at a much lower cost than nasa has previously been paying for launches that might make it possible on a much more limited budget

man. -- the moon. the whole world watched it. cousin of that, when we announced the strategic defense initiative, people took note and said these are the people who walked on the moon. they can actually accomplish this. they called it the star wars program to belittle it and said it cannot possibly be achieved. the police -- the people who believed it could be done were from the soviet union. they went to all the world conferences to prevent it from happening, calling and provocative. because of their investment, it was a small piece. by the way, how much do we really spend on the strategic defense initiative? very, very little. it never really materialized. but what was the purpose? the purpose was to force the soviet union to a negotiating table. here is another important thing to note. before that happened, when we walked on the moon, who congratulated us first? the soviet union. their cosmonauts were calling american astronauts and congratulating them, welcome to -- welcoming them to give speeches a

i think the moon would be . an excellent test bed and with the exception of the united states up until the recent change in policy every other space faring nation in the world russia included is wants to go to the moon. and i. hope that we could actually put together an international lunar exploration initiative much like we have the international space station consortium and together the countries of the world cooperating with the private sector. could afford to get back into real space exploration and i think that would that would create a real a lot of excitement it's interesting you say that because i'm sure you know that back in two thousand seven hundred and the russian space agency ross qassam a signed an agreement to look into building the first lunar space station and that's at the height of. well very poor relationship that we currently have a bit in our two countries so why do you think the space exploration was somehow on the fact that by all of these political matters that divides our countries i th

we're not going to have another apollo program whether for the moon or mars i mean apollo was a very special time we had a cold war going on between the u.s. and the soviet union space had been identified as one of the areas in which you could demonstrate the superiority of your culture and you know the the russians were launching things first and then the americans and finally we got to the moon first. but at a tremendous cost i mean at the height of the apollo program over four hundred thousand people were working on apollo it was for about two years nasa was getting almost four percent of the u.s. government's budget that's not going to happen again so nasa if they're going to be successful in space exploration has to learn to do it not apollo style but affordably and i think therefore there's a lot to be learned from the public sector and by working with the public sector and using these developments particularly the rockets and the spacecraft developed at a much lower cost than nasa has previously been paying for launches that might make it possible on a much more limited budget

so i would like to see some colonies on mars and on the moon. and now the question is, well, how do we conduct business? hopefully with the least government possible and with the most private property and free enterprise possible. that's one aspect. the other aspect is, well, how do we get there? the spaceships? so far in, what was it, 1969 when the first man arrived on the moon? it was government. it was a government employee. my hope is that we do this private enterprise. why again? well, it's more efficient. and it's also more ethical because the government demands taxes from us whereas if somebody has a private rocket ship, he does it on his own account with his own money. so those would be my two ways of dealing with it; namely, the trip and what to do with the land there. and the impetus for it is to plant some human beings elsewhere so, god forbid, if we blow ourselves up here, at least there'll be some human beings. i'm sort of a weirdo can that way, i like human beings. sue me. [laughter] >> host: walter block, the budget for nasa is abo

at least the government about people on the moon. can't deny that. but would the money have been better spent everyone stead of going in the moon in '69 on research in rocketry and protection of people on the planets? i think salt because the government did and it was a success and even ayn rand -- this is she applauded this. i didn't applaud that. was against that because it was premature. the market not only has spatial allocation, grow oranges in florida and not in maine about also a time allocation, namely a right time do things and if you do something people premature you do it at the cost of more rational time element. >> host: haven't we learned and been able to adapt from our spending at nasa and have experiments and products in -- >> the amazing if you spent 19 billion -- >> host: 19 billion -- >> guest: and not one shred of benefit occurred? that would be amazing. even the government -- take enough money to do something. we do have roads. we do have -- i don't know -- museums. we have central park and audubon park with government money so it

we landed on the moon. canadian red first flag landed on the moon and you americans faked it up in that bit of utah desert or whatever it is. i think this this is pathetically sad. you know what i like about the moon landing by the way? when they got up there they had a cassette machine and they played frank sinatra fly me to the moon. first music ever played on the moon. and that is american. because if it had been the russians they would have played something big by the soviet 1812 overture and germans would have played beethoven. there is something very american. only the americans could have done that kennedy sent the nation a challenge. it rose to the challenge and being american they exceeded that and that flag should be in that story. >> juan: i was going to ask you go to the heart of the argument. take gosling on his face this is a tremendous human achievement, not just an american achievement is that a good argument? >> i see where he's coming from but i say that part of the beauty of being an ameri

within the icy moons of the outer solar system, jupiter's moon, europa, and saturn's moon both have liquid water oceans that likely been stable for over one billion years, likely enriched by volcanic eruptions from the moon's inner cores, a positive source for both -- a possible source for both nutrients and energy. both moons vent into space and could easily be sampled by spacecraft without landing. a craft sampled the water on a flyby and found water to contain salts, silica, and organic molecules, all pointing towards a habitable environment. the sample may have contained signs of microbial life, but the instruments were not designed to detect them. we need to go back to europa with better instruments. how will we know life when we see it? through years of peer-reviewed research, we have developed something called the letter of life. -- the ladder of life. it lays out what to measure and how. it begins with a habitable environment with rungs for biomolecules, metabolism, and ultimately, darwinian evolution. thanks to decades of nasa spacecraft missions, we know how to take the next step

and wisdom on world peace and also world advancement in science and technology we all benefit from the moon shot speech we are up jot down a kennedy because we saw systems thinking it invoked in business and education and in government and that seems to me wanting to use up all the time of the discussion talking about something that has no global no i mean there was no discussion i basically talked about nice national science and technology america science and technology without question that was asked of me and i think that's an important contribution to make today not just a political that is about as a little plain maurice jones about a minute. as you know one could argue that space has been used for military purposes since the very beginning and that it is already fully militarize but we now go by stepping out spent stepping it up further are we going in uncharted territory or we're worrying too much. i think that we are definitely going into new territory for space but this is not new territory in terms of strategic issues or the history of warfare i think we have to be pragmatic about

like never saying that the tile on the moon. and some of the stars. spain is one of the best destinations in the world to enjoy astronomy it's a trend on the rise. thanks. this leaves more mastro tourism is giving value to the attraction of the night sky their own proven . scientific institutions businesses and tourist establishment are backing this new trend. making fifteen years ago astro tours and sounded like times fiction didn't it would come from abroad just to look at styles from it i mean i laugh at it. most of. and more than thirty thousand german astronomers have to go abroad to practice their hobby with us here and. i. was this intelligent tourism offers unique experiences to travelers from all over the world to discover in the southwest of europe diaries i don't know who that is spending the night looking through a telescope or even with the naked eye or to see things they've never seen before is an experience they'll remember for the rest of their lives and the things in life drew barrymore their. in the canary islands the universe seems

africa on the moon. stories of both people making a difference shaping their nation. and their continent of africa on the move into stories about motivational change makers taking their destinies into their own hands. d.w. multimedia series from africa. d.w. dot com or go.

we got a man to the moon and the soviets didn't.ut ultimately we shared a space station with them. the larger goal that i think both countries always had of a more secure world, where people don't have to send their children out to be slaughtered to protect the sovereignty of the nation was something that both countries were striving for and i think that ultimately we got together on it. >> and this mission from apollo really set the difference, to be the first man to walk on the moo moon. >> absolutely. think of the difference. in january 1967, not long before that just the year before '68, apollo 1 had exploded. the deaths of the three astronauts. so in that time, think of the bravery of the men who did that, who went into the capsules knowing it could happen to them. we had somebody in lunar orbit and the next year we had three men on the moon. >> did the united states win the space race? that is our twitter question. we'll go back to your phone calls. bob in canton, georgia, good morning. >> caller: good morning. having been bor

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going to the moon. astronomy arguably the first science cultivated by humans is in some danger light pollution from cities obscures the stars. i think it will astronomers and astrophysicists were the first to identify the danger of losing the night sky society wasn't aware of the importance of preserving that sky people thought astronomers were the only ones interested for scientific or personal reasons but the nine is the most keith as is the in the odyssey we may be witnessing the end of dark nights. in the cities are excessively illuminated where you both are not. the observatory is about to move farther and farther away to increasingly remote settings. with the most remote those. since the one nine hundred eighty s. international experts have warned of the consequences of light pollution it contributes to climate change modifies the behavior of certain animals and affects people's health. so i don't know much at all but if we've evolved with these cycles between day and night and we know our internal

and the white house are focused on are not just flags and footprint flags and footprint trip to the moonollo era, but creating a sustainable architecture that will allow for a base camps that space a base camps that space station in the divinity of the allow us to build on that technology can really partner with the private sector with a lot of these commercial companies that i wrote about in my book and then go deeper into space and into mars. melissa: christian davenport, thank you so much good about talking to you. hope you'll come back. >> thank you. melissa: secretary of state mike pompeo over denuclearization. they make further diplomatic progress towards her object is. national security adviser john bolton says he expects pompeo to meet with kim jong un. after the break, collusion with russia and the deep told they are taking on our nation. stay with melissa: on wall street, all three major u.s. indices flubbed. the dow dropped 77 points, the s&p dropped five and the nasdaq down 11. volume on the big board, 2.7 billion shares. >>> a reminder to listen to news reports three times a

this was the commitment, they were ready for the maneuver that would send them to the moon. as the world listened and watched, its people were overtaken by a new awareness, an awareness that they were perhaps witnessing the overture to the ultimate destiny of man. >> ignition. >> lovell confirms ignition. >> on board the spacecraft and in mission control, the men of apollo 8 watched the readouts, velocity build up in feet per second, the numbers snowballing toward the velocity that would allow the spacecraft to escape earth's gravity. >>> that nasa film from december of 1968 as we conclude our nine part series here on consider span and joining us here in our studios in washington, mark kramer. he is the project director of harvard universities and elizabeth cobb she is a professor at texas a & m university and a senior fellow at the hoover institution. what was happening in 1968? we had the escalation of the vietnam war, the political turmoil with lyndon johnson announcing he will not seek another term in large part because of vietnam and the heightened tensions with the cold

great insight from our witnesses on how americans will venture out of earth's orbit among the on the moon and onto the surface of mars. today, we welcome another distinguished panel of experts that will point us in the right direction. as we launch science missions into the void of space with the hopes of making groundbreaking discoveries about our solar system, our universe and our very own home, planet earth. currently, nasa's science mission directorate fund space science missions and research and a number of crucial areas including astrophysics, planetary science and helio physics. of all the portfolios within the science mission directorate that is often overlooked is earth science. with deadly fires gripping california and greece, extreme hurricanes in the atlantic. and searing heat waves and droughts around the world, our investment and nasa's earth science and climate research programs and missions must be both abundant and unwavering. nasa's essential earth observation missions including the carbon monitoring system, the orbiting carbon observatory 2. and the gravity climate expe

these and ten has played a central role in the moon landing nasa set them up in robledo d.h. of a line in the early one nine hundred sixty s. they're part of the u.s. agency satellite monitoring and space projects complex. in the one nine hundred seventy s. domes changed the landscape of seattle last fall operation in amaria in southeastern spain at over two thousand meters altitude continental europe and largest observatory was built here the german spanish astronomical center at color alto. helming came to spain in the one nine hundred seventy s. today he is one of the few german engineers who work here he knows the center's history very well. and it's just the them how in the one nine hundred sixty s. germany was interested in investing more in astronomy which is why they looked for a location for a new astronomical center with us that. they looked in the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere and in the northern hemisphere they looked in france italy greece and spain the word from the best place was here in the south of spain. that you didn't find in other media i

within the icy moons of the outer solar system we have found subsurface oceans, jupiter's moon europa and saturn afternoon angela does have liquid water oceans that have likely been stable for over 1 billion years. these oceans i likely enriched by volcanic eruptions from the moon's rocky inner core, a possible source for nutrients and energy. both moons bent their oceans into space in guys alike eruptions and could easily be sampled by spacecraft without landing. cassini found the water to contain salt, silica and organic molecules all pointing to a habitable environment. that sample may have contained signs of microbial life the casino instrument were not designed to detect them. we need to go back to enchiladas and europa with better instruments. how will we know life when we see it? for years of peer-reviewed theoretical research, lab and field work, the astrobiology community has developed something called the latter of life which lays out what to measure and how to measure it. the latter begins with a habitable environment, with metabolism and ultimately darwinian evolution. tha

this is the reason why nasa had to fake a moon mission. now you have flat earth community coming into this nazi arian nations people. this guy writes why not. they lie about the holocaust, the bible, they lie about the single war. they constantly change history. they pretend to be part of the european diaswar. they shovel race propaganda down on throats. it wouldn't be a surprise if the jews are lying about that too. now you have a conspiracy movement. i don't feel bad for storm front right. honestly i do believe the moon landings are fake, i don't think we can get to the moon. nasa even admitted we can't get the allen belt due to radiation. i'm 100% the moon landings are fake. at least the first one. so so you think like, again. this is not meant for probably a deep dive but you would like to know, after the belt you can't leave the atmosphere so we faked the first one but maybe not the other ones? you have this. so then you have other nazis come in and argue back and forth about you need to get out of here. you have these conspiracy movem

instead they decided to put men orbiting the moon. that is what apollo 8's mission was. >> as we look back, america in turmoil. three key players, corpsmen, levels -- level -- foreman -- >> they were looking at this kind of orbit of the united states. there were the first human beings in that part of space. it is this remarkable thing that on christmas eve, a message to everyone. that is that thing with the cold war and the combination of who we want to be and who we are forced to be by these terrible circumstances. than the message on christmas eve, they said goodwill to everyone. >>> we are dividing our phone lines differently. for those of you that are 50 and older, call 202 dash -- >>> what does 1968 mean to you? >> i was a small boy at that time. the major thing i remember about it was the pitcher for the detroit tigers 131 games. i do remember the kennedy assassination and certainly martin luther king's assassination vaguely because my parents were at that. in retrospect as a scholar i have written extensively about 1968, particu

and wisdom on world peace and also world advancement in science and technology we all benefit from the moon shot speech we are up jot down a kennedy because we saw assistance thinking it invoked in business in education and in government and that seems to me wanting to use up all the time of the discussion talking about something that has no global no i mean there's no question i basically talk about nice national science and technology america science and technology without question it was asked of me and i think that's an important contribution to make today not just a political that is about as a little playing in markets joe is about a minute. as you know one could argue that space has been used for military purposes since the very beginning and that it is already fully military allies but we now go by stepping up spent stepping it up further are we going in uncharted territory or we're worrying too much. i think that we are definitely going into new territory for space but this is not new territory in terms of strategic issues or the history of warfare i think we have to be pragmatic a

savant, ed rollins, and a major hollywood movie on the life of neil a strong omits the first man on the moonlanting an american flag on the lunar surface. we'll discuss this and a lot more with vince co coliging nie. catherine herridge has the details. catherine: justice department bruce ohr kept andrew weissmann in the loop on the anti-trump dossier. earlier this week sources say ohr told investigators the contact with weissmann and senior fbi officials occurred before and after the 2016 election. a half dozen justice department officials knew about his back-channel contacts with steele. ohr told investigators he never handled evidence this way before. and the broad circle of contacts indicate senior fbi leadership, weissmann and two other department of justice officials knew about steele and the dossier. on the fbi side, ohr's contact includes peter strzok who ran the russia probe who was recently fired over his anti-trump text and other issues. and his former lover lisa page who also left the bureau. andrew mccabe who was fired over allegations he lied to fbi agents. republicans in the ho

and i go straight to you let's welcome back are you absolutely over the moon that what the bundesliga season is is upon us again well ahead of busy road co booking for various stations but of course i'm excited to the boom as he goes back it's back to business as usual back to business as usual indeed now ali it wasn't perhaps the world you were hoping for and that's what i get up to but i see you absolutely over the moon as well oh of course of the who is i see your face. there you go well thanks so much guys we better get straight to business of course buyer and i have opened the season with a win against hoffenheim it wasn't all good news for munich though there'll be a monday for at least several weeks winger kingsley c'mon suffered a torn ligament after a fairly harsh tackle from hoffenheim midfielder nico schultz the frenchman will require surgery once again this year schultz was one of four possible time players to be booked. now i want to go straight to you let's be stopped this season. all in the end of the day they have again the best squad most likely they will run away aga

the benefits the data shows that there's a small patches of ice on our moon's surface this means that if ice is on the surface there may be even more buried within the soil future test could reveal where the ice originated since the patch on the south pole is concentrated in craters all the north patches are not suggesting the ice may have rolled along on a meteor some scientists even think will be able to convert lunar ice into rocket fuel meeting in a few decades the move could be home to some of us are looking to get some of that you know lunar water and my nice cup of coffee or a map from the owner. who is excited about it i'll retire on the mound at our car at the preserve so for you to day ever birdwood in this world without children loved up and so i tell you all i love i am tired old winter and have a lot of watching those hawks out there and have a great day and about. three. finest hour from now also this weekend that evolution now has a little bit on thousand people a point about. lining if you knew you wouldn't be that easy to find and found that out in me. plus is that go

and musical guest walk the moon. featuring jon batiste and stay human. and now, live on tape from the ed sullivan theater in new york city, it's stephen colbert! ( cheers and applause ) ( band playing ) >> stephen: hey, everybody! good to see you! ( cheers and applause ) ( band playing ) thank you! hey, everybody! thank you. thank you very much. thank you, thank you! thank you, one and all, welcome to "the late show." i'm your host, stephen colbert. you know, when it comes to the news, let's face it... we don't want to face it. ( laughter ) because once again, the big story is trump's policy of taking immigrant children from their parents at the border. now, there are two ways to look at this story: either you can be horrified, or you can work for donald trump. ( laughter ) take secretary of homeland security and step-mom flushing pictures of your real mom down the toilet... ( laughter ) kirstjen nielsen. yesterday, nielsen defended this policy at the daily press briefing. now, normally, that press briefing job is handled by white house press secretary sa

what are the plans you have to take it from the rocket to the moon again, to mars? is: this is the most exciting time in our country's space program. we are working on things now that are bigger than the apollo program. i'm not sure this is well known across the country. we are in the midst of a space transformation in this country. the commercial entrants are adding energy. we are holding a neustar liner, the first american-made capsule to get us back to the space station, and we are building a new rocket to mars with nasa. this new space launch system is a rocket 38 stories tall, 9.2 million pounds of thrust. it is about 200-7000 corvette engines. we will do the first test launch over the next couple of years. we would do a slingshot mission to the moon, return to the moon. and we are going to go to mars. the first person to step foot on mars will get there on his own rocket. david: will they come back on boeing rockets? [laughter] david: all right. dennis: in boeing's version, that is always a two-way trip. [laughter] david: it takes six months to get to mars, rig

what are the plans you have to take it from the rocket to the moon again, to mars? : this is the most exciting time in our country's space program. we are working on things now that are bigger than the apollo program. i'm not sure this is well known across the country. we are in the midst of a space transformation in this country. the commercial entrants are adding energy. we are holding a neustar liner, to get us back to the spacesule station, and we are building a new rocket to mars with nasa. this new space launch system is a rocket 38 stories tall, 9.2 million pounds of thrust. it is about 200-7000 corvette engines. we will do the first test launch over the next couple of years. we would do a slingshot mission to the moon, return to the moon. and we are going to go to mars. the first person to step foot on mars will get there on his own rocket. david: will they come back on boeing rockets? [laughter] david: all right. dennis: in boeing's version, that is always a two-way trip. [laughter] david: it takes six months to get to mars, right? dennis: on average. david:

and wisdom on world peace and also world advancement in science and technology we all benefit from the moon shot speech we are up jot down a kennedy because we saw systems thinking it invoked in business and education and in government and that seems to me wanting to use up all the time of the discussion talking about something that has no global no i mean there's no question i basically talk about nice national science and technology america science and technology without question it was asked of me and i think that's an important contribution to make today not just a political that is about as a lot of playing in markets joe is about a minute. is you know one could argue that space has been used for military purposes since the very beginning and that it is already fully military allies but we now go by stepping up spent stepping it up further are we going in uncharted territory or we're worrying too much. i think that we are definitely going into new territory for space but this is not new territory in terms of strategic issues or the history of warfare i think we have to be pragmatic abo

but of the you absolutely over the moon as well oh of course father who is i see your face. there you go well thanks so much guys we better get straight to business of course buyer and i have opened the season with a win against hoffenheim it wasn't all good news for munich though there'll be a monday for at least several weeks winger kingsley c'mon suffered a torn ligament after a fairly harsh tackle from hoffenheim midfielder nico schultz the frenchman will require surgery once again this year schultz was one of four players to be booked now i want to go straight to you let's be stopped this season. well in the end of the day they have again the best squad most likely they will run away again with the title but i'm actually quite thrilled that some teams like. don't want to actually say we will. and it's good to see them. in the bundesliga but of course the way the challenge by and i mean hoffenheim straight away at the first game of the season certainly go buy an xbox up with the kind of physical approach that they have and that has already caused controversy should we say

we would do a slingshot mission to the moon, return to the moon. and we are going to go to mars.irst person to step foot on mars will get there on his own rocket. david: will they come back on a boeing rocket? [laughter] david: all right. dennis: in boeing's version, that is always a two-way trip. [laughter] david: it takes six months to get to mars, right? dennis: on that order. david: remember, there was a plan called the concorde. why do we not have a supersonic transport any longer? dennis: it is the economic hurdle that goes with it. that plane was never economically five ball on its own. to fly supersonic, you burn two times to three times as much fuel. i envision a day where we not only see commercial airplanes like today's airplanes, we will see high-speed airplanes that can connect any two cities in the world and about two hours, and we will see that span up to space tourism, and eventually an economically viable space ecosystem in low earth orbit. you will see an intersection between commercial air travel and high-speed travel, and space travel. that will evolve over th