it is supportive of police. the book is anti-bad policing. he write a book like this, you will take a hit from the truth to say this book is anti-police. what we are saying in this book from a leadership perspective is very few police officers create their own strategies for fighting crime. they come to work, report to was sergeant who reports to lieutenant who reports to a captain who reports to a commander who reports to a deputy chief and they are told, most often we were told this is what we want your focus to be. fines, penalties, tickets, money, revenue, cleanup, this is the way we went you to do it and a good example of that is in one chapter of the book a colleague tells me about working in new york city in the 80s and having his commander told him we want this corner cleaned up at 5:00 when the councilmen and congressman come through, we want no one on the corner and he said back in the 80s things were different so we go to the corner and see hispanic men on the corner, get off the corner and one of the teens yells back we don't have

study police for the past few years. it's about police accountability. some of the ways to do this is like with these court cases we put up that were put up, it pretty much all of them there were large civil settlements, millions of dollars of taxpayer money going out. so we take freddie ray in baltimore. imagine if the payment shifted from taxpayer money to police pensions, to fraternal order of police dues, to police department insurances. then all of a sudden when peter gets ready to do something, that's my pension on the line. part is making people accountable for themselves and the way that the policy, the way we have it set up now when police officers engage in decision making rarely are they held accountable to each other. and we have to change that. >> let me ask a question around training and police officer training more generally. a lot of police officers can be very overwhelmed when they are constantly put in these stressful situations. i'm wondering when we talk about utilizing tactics around deescalation whether or not that is a kind of persp

there's a module called policing the team brain. this module of training details procedures and restrictions for police officers interactions with young people. fewer than 30 officers. so, when we come here and ask why did this sort of thing happen, how could it happen? how could these officers act in such a disrespectful way to members of our community, ignoring a very big history of oppression and mistrust, we need to be looking to the procedures. who is actually being trained. not what is the official policy. how is it being implemented. who is being trained. ultimately we need to expand that to ensure that all officers on patrol are capable of respectfully interacting with young people in san francisco. thank you. >> clerk: thank you. next speaker. >> good afternoon, board and community members. my name is grace, i'm a youth representative from the youth commission. i live in district 9. i'm currently a senior at school of the arts. i'm here today, as a high school student, i saw the outrage of other teenagers in my community tow

officers, and i think criminals up being caught at the end, but the policeation will jump being caught at the end, but the police federation willjump on this, letter a, because what is the public's rolling this, it's not stopped the police, and they will argue that they don't have enough office rs argue that they don't have enough officers on the street or they didn't have enough back—up. officers on the street or they didn't have enough back-up. i'm sure they are right about police cuts, but we can change our laws. if you are found carrying a machete or a knife or something like that that is there to wound and threaten, i think we should cause an enormous fuss, an enormous fine, and you would find there would be less with the finds and you could do something good about educating kids about police. if you are a two—man band patrolling the streets and a young guy comes at you with a knife and his friend also does, and there are more there, it's a gang, how are two police officers and do with that question they can't. what will you are talking about policing b

the director of police this is for the aclu of california. he joined the asl new staff as a staff attorney in 20 -- 2006. peter works on a wide range of police related issues including race and buys issues and excessive force and police interference and national security and civilian oversight and surveillance. prior to joining this peter worked in private practice specializing in civil rights and workers rights. clicked on the u.s. court of appeals for the second circuit and the united states district court for the northern district of california. he graduated from new york university law school a lot for he was an editor in chief of the nyu review of law and social change and he also graduated harvard. next is doctor ray, the associate professor of sociology and the executive director of the lab for applied social science research at the university of maryland college park. he was one of the co-editors of context magazine, sociology for the public and formally doctor ray was a robert wood johnson foundation scholar at the university of cali

a police officer assaulted. right now the suspect barricaded inside of a home. a massive police presence as officers try to talk him out. >>> good evening. >>> this all started as a dispute between neighbors just before 8:00 tonight at deerfield drive near fawn hill way. there is a shelter in place alert out there. we just got an update from the police chief. >> reporter: yes. the antioch police chief telling us a short time ago that officers are trying to establish talks with this man who is holed up in his home after assaulting and injuring a police officer earlier this evening. that man is believed to be armed. you can see a huge police presence out here. there is also another person in the home who is believed to be in the home as well. the officer was hurt, he has a head injury. he is in stable condition tonight. originally the authorities told us the officer was shot in the head. it triggered a huge response. the police say initially it started as a disagreement between neighbors when the police were called. it escalated. >> when officers arrived they made

these protesters started rushing the border and overpowered the police. the president is smart to do this and it's important to make sure you have a secure border. which you have something like this happen, the president said this is my responsibility and my job. that's part of the reason why this administration had very open dialogue with the incoming administration of mexico and had these early talks and conversations. they wanted to have a strategy day one. both sides. mexico's president-elect wanted a strategy and a working relationship day one. that's why you have seen the information. this president made it clear he is a deal maker to protect us and wants to work a better deal and have a better relationship with mexico's administration. that's what you are seeing in this article. >> how do you see this border crossing closure potentially impacting what was reported that there was this remain in mexico proposal that mexico and the u.s. have agreed upon, but now mexico, the incoming administration said that's premature and not quite what the deal was.

the? , policing point of view, of course event controlling flavia is a very big issue for us, the college th the operational needs, we have developed with safe lives, the charity, specific horse controlling behaviour module is available for all police forces to use. it's based around a number of case studies uses real footage from real incidents and brings the victims voice into the rooms so police officers understand the corrosive effects of this type of behaviour and why it's so difficult for victims to leave abusive relationships of this sort. obviously, the safety of the victims is paramount importance, how much of the training is about keeping people safe while also ensuring that stepping in to try and avoid a continuing longer than necessary? the training emphasises both sides of what's required. one is around obviously looking at the safety of the victim. the other side is challenging behaviour of the perpetrator and quite often, what we see perpetrator and quite often, what we see is that perpetrators will try to manipulate both the victim but also police officers and any other pro

the police do not have good news the family told the authorities that tandja can have her child back if she reimburses all of their expenses in other words the family is saying that she can buy her own son back. child trafficking is illegal in china but authorities often turn a blind eye especially in rural areas where the preference for sons is stronger the market for trafficked boys has been growing. while you that manage how if i said to the families often i could go to prison i reported the woman for human trafficking so if i accepted their deal i'd be breaking the law and maybe that's what they want the old what you call it the way it was to tell you. turned. back to the village where mucho lives she wants to confront the family director. now that she has the exact address she hopes to at least. still here let's get off the main road. nobody's home but the dogs barking any time i come here nobody's home but somebody must be feeding the dog. officers have visited the family tending thinks they may be in hiding. you don't know what i can't have as my son is living just behind thes

the floor. after five minutes passed i saw two police officers come up the stairs. one police officer's pulled out handcuffs and they told me to get up. the police started talking to each other, then freedom told me that i was now a suspect and the officer cuffed me. they read me my miranda rights. they patted down again vigorously. i asked the officers where i was going, they said the station. i saw my coach, and i said don't worry, i'm going to be good. then i was walked out the main entrance. i saw the media at the corners and saw a lot of police cars. while i was being walked out of the black school gate, a reporter put a camera in my face and took pictures. while the officer took me to the police car, everyone saw my face and knew who i was. as they put me in a car, i saw a parent i knew. he asked me what happened and i said i didn't do anything. while i was in the kari told the officers to tell anyone not to take any pictures of me. they didn't respond. i asked the officer which station i was going to, and they said ingleside. i told the officers to call my dad

the police found this booked as well. irst to bowler's shooting of missing kennedy sure amy the one two and going westward to goldstein two shots one through his pant leg and want and two is but one and strolls leg one and two evans forehead that's seven bullets out of a shot revolver how could he have shot robert kennedy four times. on top of charades point evidence offered by two f.b.i. investigators william bailey and duwayne wilford needs taking into account. bailey and wolf are attended the crime scene as soon as the assassination took place. they discovered two more bullets that were not mentioned in the l.a.p.d. report. the next day william daley an f.b.i. agent at the scene is in front is on the front page of all the newspapers pointing to a door frame and in one thousand seven hundred sixty given a sworn statement that he saw two bullet holes in the door frame. if a second gun is not firing there cannot be any bullet holes in the wooden door frames so the police tape those door frames down and they bring them the

the police say he is a transient and gave officers information that tied him to shooting. ighbor who lives across the street from the detox center heard the police sirens and went to see what happened. >> i start running and i realized like somebody died and they are searching this field out in back of me. i watched the stretcher with the body bag roll across the street and all of a sudden three cops are on me, flashlights and they are yelling at me to go back inside. >> the helen vine is a 26-bed detox center that provides recovering services to addicts. >>> two southern california serial killers have been found dead in their san quentin cells. they believe they both committed sued. sentenced to death last month for murdering 5 woman in the '80s and '90s. arriving several weeks ago. death row inmate goven was unresponsive in his cell. he was sentenced for four murders back in 2004. they were housed in different areas and the officials do not believe their deaths are connected. >>> you can read more about the death row killers including the high profile trial on our web sit

i worked with the federal agencies and police departments throughout the country. i'm also a son of a san francisco police officer. most of the people i went to sacred heart became san francisco police officers or went to jail. you are part of the community. those of us in the criminal-justice system, the public defenders, the prosecutors, we understand how the system works. that's why we're here. we also learn how the police department works. the new commissioners do what i've done, they go to the station and do ride alongs and they talk to the officers and they talk to people and we come from different backgrounds. we're the liaison between the community and police. it gives us a different perspective than the officers have and we have to listen. one thing, there has to be a dialogue and in this day and age there's not a lot of dialogue. a lot of people are screaming at each other. we have dialogue of the community. we have dialogue with the officers. the best example i can give you is why we're good, we have, for what we do, the d.p.a. has a mediation program. an

what are your concerns in the taraval police district? so it was taraval's turn on the wheel here, so takes a lot of work to bring the television station here for everybody, and all the commissioners, i have to tell you, from my perspective as a commissioner, this is the best part of the commission, because we go to ten different districts during the course of the year, and you really learn a lot at those meetings, so we expect to hear from you, what you're concerned about in the district, in the taraval, but we also do things a little differently, too. ordinarily we just go into our meeting, but when we're out in the community, we have the commissioners introduce themselves and tell you a little bit about what we do in our day jobs. this is allegedly a part-time job, and the term allegedly is a big job. we like to give the community background about what we've done in our careers and what we do. and being we have so many new commissioners, there's four new commissioners tonight who have their first neighborhood meeting. i ordinarily start

now it has an appointment with the police the police captain wants to speak with her about returning her son. she's careful not to expect too much. so wildly my hope comes and goes i don't believe anything anymore i just know that i want my son back. yet she has never seen his older brother he was born after tunji divorced her husband through his brother much chen initially stayed with his father. one custody but when she went to collect her child he wasn't there anymore. the police do not have good news the family told the authorities that tandja can have her child back if she reimburses all of their expenses in other words the family is saying that she can buy her own son back. child trafficking is a legal in china but authorities often turn a blind eye especially in rural areas where the preference for sons is stronger the market for traffic boys has been growing. while you that manage how if i accept the family's offer i could go to prison i reported the woman for human trafficking so if i accepted their deal i'd be breaking the law and maybe that's what they want the role wouldn

the police got him." wards when the story came out, they're like, "you guys said you got him, right?" "no, we didn't get him. what happened is he was involved in a police shooting that may have involved him." "wait, you said you got-- you said you shot." "we didn't shoot. there was a shooting, "and it happened to involve us as police." you start to realize that really the second amendment is not intended for black people. it's an uncomfortable thing to say, but it's the truth. people will be like the right to bear arms. yes, the right to bear armses if you are not a black man. if you're a black man you have no business bearing arms at all. there was the uniformed security guard a month and a half ago, the same thing happened. he was stopping a criminal. the police came up and shot him. he was in uniform. here you can be like, "maybe they didn't"-- but this guy was in uniupon upon form. so they've shown. it's going to get to the point where black cops should warn their partners before going into a crime see

it examines the murder of the police officer j.d. tippet asking for lee harvey oswald had time to get to the scene of the crime. the program interviews friends and associates of jack ruby who shot and killed oswald during a live television broadcast. it ends with a report on new orleans district attorney jim garrison's conspiracy theories, which later became the basis of the 1990 oliver stone film "jfk." >> for two nights, we have been looking for answers to major questions concerning the assassination of president john f kennedy. sunday night we asked, did lee harvey oswald take a rifle to the book depository building? our answer was yes. where was oswald on the day president kennedy was shot? in the building on the sixth floor. was oswald's rifle fired from the building? yes. how many shots were fired? most likely three. how fast could oswald's rifle be fired? fast enough. what was the time span of the shots? at least as large as the warren commission reported. most likely the assassin had more time. not less. so we concluded sunday

to hong kong and they suggested we go to the police the first question the police had for my clients it was all about. mr snowden and i had to put a stop to this quite frankly i was shocked that the holcomb police were focusing on mr snowden's activities in two thousand and thirteen one in two thousand and seventeen. the issue that the police had to address were the safety and security of my clients. point that raised a red flag for me and i became concerned the hong kong police had it. put it to them that the story about the sri lankan police coming to hong kong was fabricated and that i had fabricated the story and i asked my clients and also the sri lankan the witnesses to the snowden refugees that they asked them to make it up the hong kong police had actually asked the that had asked the witnesses to this for the police if they would testify against me in a criminal court. and you know without evidence and i realized my instincts were right and it wasn't safe anymore then i found out they continued to arrest some of my clients and former clients and trying to make a case against

him as the police came and lamar spoke to the police and the police immediately decided that he was there a suspect and so on that day very day he was arrested. we have a police report where the detective basically says on the same day of the killing we can close this case if we can just get our minds and to confess. i got a phone call. telling me that my son had been arrested for killing a young lady. i know that could never never never be possible from the training that he had had from the time he was born into twenty two years when they took him away from me i was devastated i was. in i couldn't sleep i walked the floor wondering what had happened why it happened and where would they choose. kristina brown dies a few hours later in hospital. the officers of the detroit police force take more monson to the station and begin to question her. questions like she was my girlfriend and she was my girlfriend she's more like the little sister of a bunch. we live in there i never live there in the one me i'm there. just stuff like. questioning was core from a witness to suspect. part of th

they're being pushed back by the police. somebody has fired a shot here. dy has been hit. my god! somebody fired a shot. >> the president was not hit. witnesses heard the sound and saw a puff of smoke. the woman, identified by police as sara jane moore, was immediately seized. >> sara jane moore jumped out of the crowd, fired off a weapon and was tackled by another citizen. her background, it turned out, was as a sort of eccentric, kind of a lower-rung political figure. she was kind of an odd duck. >> when gerald ford became president, within the space of one month were two attempts on his life, squeaky fromme and sara jane moore. both tried to shoot him. it's like, what's going on? why can't this be stopped? >> so once again this nation has narrowly escaped the tragedy, the trauma of the assassination of our president. above all else, this points out the need for some additional measures, some additional precautions to protect the life of the highest elected official in the country. will it take another assassination in our lifetime to finally force some a

that was cut back, and we already know the police are extremely stretched. ks ago we had the story of the police federation asking for the general public to step in if they are under attack and that they would not be able to necessarily arrest people. we have seen the rise in knife crime and various other gang crime, and so we know that the public purse is extremely stretched, but u nfortu nately, extremely stretched, but unfortunately, at some point, something has got to give. one of the interesting elements of the story is this is an independent watchdog report, the first time it has been done across 43 forces in the uk and also, the british transport police. so it is the first time this much evidence has been gathered to show what the police are dealing with on a day—to—day basis and when you think about, as you say, how stretched resources for the police, it is really quite staggering and the bbc online story, it has got different highlights, a different individual stories, and it talks about one man who says i started carrying a knife around in public be

alarmed, the nursing instructor calls the police. and the next morning, 400 miles south in san diego, michelle's cousin christine was awakened by a text from michelle's former boyfriend. >> he messages me, he goes, hey, just to let you know, we don't know where michelle is, have you heard from her, try calling her. i looked at his message and said, gosh, what did michelle do this time? she's usually out having fun. >> she's fun loving person? >> yeah, she's always out with her friends. and getting lost sometimes. we thought -- i honestly didn't think much of it at the time. i read the message and i like rolled over back in bed. >> michelle, after all, could look after herself, had been looking out for christine for years. she was just 26 but seemed somehow older than that. the eldest of a clan of 15 cousins who grew up together with very little except each other. and michelle was smart and studious and attractive. the leader of this very active pack. strong, loving center of the family. a mother figure to her younger brother michael.

so unless they become part of the police investigative process. they are not going to be held responsible for their role in wrongful convictions. no one should be above the law. and police officers themselves should not be above the law. reed has not responded to any of our interview requests however the firm has informed us that their training procedures now take the risk of false confessions into account. for its part the supreme court of the united states still allows police officers to lie during the interrogation stage. i member ask in a couple of these guys and depositions why they thought telling a lie was going to get the truth and they didn't have an answer for me they just said well that's what we do that's the way interrogations go or allowed to lie to them and i would again ask them why do you think lying to someone is going to get a truthful answer in response and they just couldn't answer it and i for the life of me i don't understand why someone would think that lying to someone is going to get a truth response back so it's a horribl

the acknowledged father of policing once said that the police are the public and the public are the police. in closing, let me say my heart goes out to each and every one of you who made today possible. you believed in the vision and made an important dream come true. god bless you and thank you.[ applause ] >> ladies and gentlemen, vice chairman of the national law enforcement officers memorial fund, jonathan f. thompson .[ applause ] >> what a day. what an honor. before we see blue, we see can we see gray, and we see history being made. to the president of motorola solutions, clint eastwood, and all of the staff of the memorial, thank you because without you, this could not have been accomplished. on behalf of the thousands, tens of thousands that are on the wall and the hundreds of thousands around the country and around the world that where that uniform, that sacrifice every day, and wake up, get dressed, and put on that star or that batch, we thank you all and don't buy half of them, god bless you and thank you.[ applause ] >> one of the great honors in the shop is to introduce people

officer who still being attacked on the ground and the police have told us the ground and theen charged. so somebody came along he was prepared to get involved but kent marcia represents rank—and—file officers, he's been talking about this walk on by culture and he says he doesn't necessarily expect every member of the public to get involved and have the police but he doesn't wa nt and have the police but he doesn't want them to stand there and film and not do anything to help. that's right, he says we are coming to a point we are going to start pushing m essa 9 es point we are going to start pushing m essa g es to point we are going to start pushing messages to our colleagues, risk assess what's going on in the incident you are and if you think you can't detain them let them go and as you say he's criticised this culture for people are more interested seemingly in filming incidents like this for clicks or likes on social media and actually getting involved to help a police officer. if the public now think it's ok to and film my colleagues while they are executing their warran

if the police the evidence. —— give the police the evidence. to engage with young people. on thei on the i know you two have to leave us, barry and margaret, but thank you very much —— and i know that. this can to do an acquisition teenagers. it is a serious problem in london and other areas have had a problem as well —— this is a serious problem as well —— this is a serious problem in london. eight of 44 police forces 38 recorded an increase, including the country's biggest force the met office —— out of. alone they have dealt with 190 murders. in a moment we will look at why this is happening. —— 119 numbers. —— 119 murders. police were called here to the tulse hill estate last night at ten to 11 to reports... as he was just 15 years old. another teenage knife crime victim... candles today at the spot where a 17—year—old boy was stabbed to death last week. five knife murders in less than a week is unusual in london. detectives believe all of the stabbings are unrelated. overall, the murder rate in the capital has been rising. there have been

i am all in favour of better resources for the police. rocess those reporters in a meaningful way and to give the information to the police that they need to be able to track down these crimes is really limited. we would all agree that resources for the piece is important, and also that ability to be able to deal with the information that is being fed to them every day by the banks is sorely needed as well. thank you all very much. how do you take the temperature of the ocean? it's not a riddle but a genuine challenge for climate scientists trying to measure the impact of rising co2 levels on the planet. traditionally scientists have used temperature gauges attached to buoys and boats. but a group of scientists has found a new method which can measure the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the sea, giving them a far more accurate picture of the ocean termpatures. they've found the world has been seriously underestimating the amount of heat soaked up by the oceans over the past quarter of a century. their study suggests the seas have ab

the police of the purchases that we've already been caught up in today. are here outside to street to the entrance overtly ellie's a parent's eyes you can see tear gas is being fired by the police that's as the protesters were trying to enter into that street to get close to it seriously ellie's a journalist. all being pushed up the street seems to grassroots and protest is it really is city crazy here on the streets of paris. so i'm a bit of difficulty opening my eyes right now and that's because we've just been in the midst of all of this take us as you can see eyes red is really hard to open them and at the moment we are just a burning uncontrollably. well that was the scene early allusions elise i want to bring you this is a road just off the of the israel of this is a road just off the arc de triomphe and as you can see here we've got some of the stooges they've up become infamous in paris of late they're burning here this is one of the barricades have been put in place and if you look down the streets you're going to see these delays will only yello

dr is well aware of the methods used by local police to close certain cases as quickly as possible. they did this all the time. they had people make statements whether in writing or they did the writing they had some buddies and with the suggestion that hears this and you can go home i've heard that doesn't. sound dozens of them and it wouldn't surprise me at all the three real number doesn't run into the hundreds or thousands because the same cadre of bad detectives that probably were two dozen of them were in place for over thirty five years. were the marks on her. with no evidence or witness statements against him on the seventh of march nine hundred ninety seven lamar monson is sentenced to fifty years of criminal imprisonment for the murder of christina brown. only one element was used against him the confession that he signed. and believe that this is going to be. off years and i would not want to be in prison on. something that i wouldn't wish him off worst enemy just being processed for you to go into a sale. the whole process of it is comfortable. you feel like your freedom

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but would the police? orris with after the party. >> ashley 28 years old, wife and mother of three was dead. the gunshot wound in her head unsurvivable. it was suicide said her husband, tom. >> i didn't shoot my wife. i didn't do this. >> it was murder said her parents. >> i had three grand kids that i dearly, dearly loved that i knew in my heart that tom had just killed their mother. >> the news of ashley's death spread quickly the morning after the party. >> i didn't understand what was happening and why because everything was fine that night. >> it was confusing. >> very confusing. she was happy. she didn't seem suicidal. >> andrea, new friend, co-worker, drinking buddy at the party couldn't shake a feeling. >> i didn't feel like she would have taken her life. >> for all their middle of the night questions, the police did not arrest tom nor charge him with anything. >> what were they telling you? >> that they were investigating it? >> at ashley's funeral, tom was one of the speakers. >> ashlwhat he said

the police didn't retaliate the judges did and so the judges accused him of being crazy the. cheating his clients and eventually the supreme court came out after him with completely false fabricated allegations and eventually took away his license to practice law while. and it seems like there's not much of a change even today just last week the ohio house of representatives passed a new standard ground bill that sort of shifts the burden of proof. for self-defense cases i'm one of the things that doesn't mean other things but one of the self-defense cases to the prosecution and removes the sort of duty to retreat to try to get away before you kill somebody state representative de would leave unsaid it is a stand your ground on steroids this shoot first ask questions later bill is a solution looking for a problem you know this this new bill also there is you know the idea they took away the need for a conceal and carry permit holder to have to have id on him while he's carrying a gun. i feel like that's a that's going to be an african-american who's going to end up getting sh

he then became chief of police for the metropolitan police department for the district of columbia inrt to build this museum and as a member of the museum advisory committee, personally helped develop some of the museum exhibits. with his deep experience as an internationally recognized police practitioner and educator, he has a unique perspective on the museum's mission that has been invaluable to the development process. he currently is a member of the museum's leadership council, which oversees all aspects of this museum. commissioner ramsey is known for his results and reducing crime in all three cities he served. he oversaw and participated in numerous high-profile investigations, such as the sandra levy murder investigation, the washington, d.c., sniper that went on for three or four weeks, the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the 2001 anthrax attacks. in 2007, he served on the independent commission on security forces of iraq and led a prominent group of law enforcement professionals that traveled across iraq to review the state of iraqi police forces for a report that was ultimately

guest: the new york city police department has been the main laboratory of new techniques of policing during that time. 1980's, andn the through the early 1990's, it started with cops that -- comps tat. that became more and more precise. there was the story of stopping frisk, which is part of a larger frisk, which is part of a larger story of mass incarceration and the story of who is being policed. new york's crime rate has fallen. the rest of the country and the rest of western europe, crime has declined around the world. in new york city, it has been more extraordinary. there are more than 2000 murders in 1993 in new york city. last year, there were around 200. that is a 90% decline. overall, crime in new york city has declined in new york city by 85%. some cities have not seen such declines. certainly one of the reasons new york city has been so extraordinary has been the work of the new york city police department. host: one of the cities that is not seen that the client is baltimore. -- decline is baltimore. last year baltimore saw the in its murder rates history. you wrote a st

when we talk about promoting trust between the police and members of the community, we have to remember first and foremost, that there is trauma that occurs whether it's globally and locally. police officers are not the only authority figures that can create triggering moments for youth. school officials and also school resource officers institute the surveillance imprisonment and ways that limit youth ability to be themselves and be free and to just gather on a street corner. when we think about this hearing and moving forward with the m.o.u. on behalf of the youth commission to focus that transformative change is needed in how law enforcement interacts with youth of color and other vulnerable populations in regards to focusing on training that focuses on deescalation and on mental health impacts and that police ing the teenage brain, just the phrasing of policing, institutes trauma. and we should really focus that we're interacting human beings, first and foremost. >> thank you, very much. >> thank you, so much. and before opening this up to public comment, i did notice we have judy l