i want to start with the reagan administration because it's hard to think about a great deal of national discussion about the role of the presidency in foreign affairs and domestic affairs. reagan thought a vigorous -- important role in the country in both domestic affairs and international affairs. on the domestic side in particular, given john's very interesting comments, many of the leading cases that we talk about in administrative law today, are about the reagan administration. state farm, edf, v. thomas. these are cases where the white house is trying to reflect a particular philosophy, as to how the law should be implemented. as justice rehnquist says state farm reflects a degree of democratic legitimacy. as much as they're consistent with the law, with the statutes, in a different way. how, justice rehnquist asks could we not expect elections to matter. we still expect legitimacy to flow from the presidency. and that's not just something that goes back to the reagan administration. it also goes back in time. i just want to read a very little bit from some documents, circa is roos

through initiatives associated with the carter administration, that held bob johnson to be in the position to start black entertainment television. when we look at the reagan administration, we know in some areas of the reagan administration, they indeed sought cutback programs that had historically assisted african-americans and other poor segments of american society. during the reagan administration, we see programs to assist bike business, they were maintained, and in some instances, actually enhanced. the evidence suggested one of the motivations for that was the influence of elizabeth dole, who was the head of the white house office of public liaison during a period. some of what i have seen suggested is that dole approached president reagan, saying that you are very anti-african-american, and by continuing to support african american entrepreneurship, that might help quell the notion that you are totally against the african-american community. also, too, it appears that reagan come on personal a personal level, believed in the free enterprise system. it was a problem in terms of promoting programs to support african american entrepreneurship. when w

administration, we know in some areas the reagan administration, indeed, fought to cut back programs that had historically assisted african-americans and other poor segments of american society. but be interestingly enough -- but interestingly enough, you know, during the reagan administration these programs to assist black business were maintained and, in fact, in some instances actually enhanced. the evidence suggested one of the motivations for that was the influence of elizabeth dole who was the head of the white house office of public a liaison during the period. and some of what i have seen suggested that dole, you know, approached president reagan saying that, you know, there's a sentiment out there that you're pretty much very anti-african-american and by continuing to support, you know, african-american entrepreneurship, that that might help dispel the notion that you're totally against, you know, the aspirations of the african-american community. and also, too, it appears that reagan on a personal level, you know, believed in the free enterprise system,

in the reagan administration, i served as an assistant secretary of state for oceans and specific affairs at the state department and then as president reagan's deputy national security adviser and in the george w. bush administration as director of national intelligence and finally as deputy secretary of states. these experiences have only strengthened my support for the treaty and as you will recall, i was the lead administration witness in the last administration when we appeared before the committee in 2007. the u.s. consistently sought to balance the interest in controlling activities off their coasts and the interest of all countries in protecting freedom of navigation. the united states joined a group of law and the sea treaties in 1958 by which it is still bound. those treaties left open important issues. for example, they did not set forth the maximum breath of the territorial sea. an issue of critical importance to freedom of navigation. they did not elaborate a procedure for the continental shelf. under president nixon, the united states proposed the concept of a treaty that wo

was there a master plan of the reagan administration to bankrupt the soviet union? >> so the question is about whether the reagan white house had a plan to bankrupt the soviet union. they certainly did have a strategy. they did believe that the soviet union and reagan really believed this from the get to that the soviet economy was weak and that it would crumble under pressure. their ability to actually, you know, carry out that strategy is not entirely clear. it's not clear there's anything the united states could have done. we had sanctions imposed on them. there were efforts made that probably on the margins did make a difference or at least continue to soak up more of russia's spending. i don't think there's any single thing we could have done that on its own could have bankrupted the soviets. but certainly under pressure that the administration was putting on the soviets in afghanistan made a difference. i think there's some evidence that by encouraging the opec countries to boost production and lower the price of oil that that really damaged the soviet economy.

the new reagan edition declared that the city of richmond's policy was unconstitutionallal. six years later, with the addition of a clearance thomas, was nom named during the -- nominated during the first bush administration. the supreme court declared that a transportation department initiative that sought to allocate work to minority contractors that would declare unconstitutionallal as well. in the reagan administration you had the interesting i did cot my where the to assist african-american entrepreneurship. subsequent supreme court nomination also helped to dismantle some of the programs. >> to bring it fairly close to the present, last summer there was a initiative cosponsored by the obama white house, and the business school at rutgers. rutgers has a center for urban black urban black development entrepreneur sheep. they coresponsed an urban imeerp summit. among other things similar to what previous administrations and others have said that by promoting more positive economic activity in urban black that only has a ben official effect on the neighborhoods but also on, you know, municipal, state, and international economies. again, there's this continuing thrust and movement and interest in promoti

look at the reagan administration. we were giving weapons to iran. this is not just something that just started happening and that we are now looking at. this is something that the republican congress has looked at to say we could take advantage of this and only to, you know, not -- okay. that person died because a weapon, you know? but listen, how many americans died because we put in -- we got into a faulty war? >> thanks for your comments. we go next to wisconsin and independent line. hi, dean. >> caller: i would like to give my opinion. it brings me back to when ronald reagan -- a fire was put to his feet. he put the law above political desires. and i just wish that president obama and the democratic leadership would put the law, a subpoena means you comply. if i don't comply to a subpoena, i'm in a little 8 x 10 jail cell. why do these politicians, why are they above the law? it's not a question of should they be. it's obvious that they are above the law. >> both the house and senate are in today and there is certain to be plenty of reaction from

in offensive nuclear capacities and it the government was forced to back down and fact of the reagan administration was forced to adopt the rhetoric of the peace movement in order to continue with their programs that's where star wars comes from and we're not planning to tack anyone or just planning to eliminate nuclear weapons if you measure the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred two their one million marched in central park in new york at the height of the cold war. last year there were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the nonproliferation treaty well the big difference in numbers true is the peace movement lost its we're going to. talk significantly but the lesson there is very clear a mass nonviolent political movement can change of all. the importance of nuclear proliferation and very much one. or even aware or concerned one is surprised to discover a fifteen year old concerned by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rafael even though. i just like to say that because of you and your speeches right now serving pa

the bush administration. you might be thinking of the nicaragua case during the reagan administration. >> indeed. thank you very much. i see my time has expired. >> thanks, senator. i appreciate it. do you have any second round of questions? senator lee, you might be interested to know that the united states senate has already approved a treaty that has the exact same procedure in it and that's the -- we gave our advice and consent to it in 1996 and not only does it subject the united states to arbitration but in fact, it subjects us to arbitration under the law of the sea convention. it seems to be working pretty well without problems. that incidentally was passed down under chairman jesse helms so yes. >> i just had one point that i wanted to make with respect to how adhering to the treaty might be helpful in some circumstances with respect to our naval activities and operations and coast guard. clearly, when you boil it down to a poll or choice between the use of force and the application of law, well, the application of american military force is likely to win every time. i don't question tha

no domestic source available ronald reagan started giving no waivers left and right and so institutionalized the you know you know ever since the reagan administration at the federal level nobody's even paid attention to the buy america act even though it's still a loss and you're talking about let's do that at the at the state local level because they're going to we can do this without an act of congress that's exactly right tom i think it's. despicable what's happened i think the average american agrees and this isn't a democrat republican issue i've talked to mayors from all over already and i haven't heard anyone opposed to this because it's putting domestic it's putting our tax dollars to work here first if we don't make it in america you know what maybe they'll start making it and i don't know what you're talking about medallions for the marathon or pens or paper or parts for to replace the sewer if we don't make it in america once thousands of cities step forward and say we need product x. maybe a manufacturer would start to make it here if we say we're willing to pay a little bit more in lansing we say we'll pay up to five percent more maybe

oberstar: but even a decade after it was enacted, the reagan administration came in and cut the grant program to a loan program. and funding diminished over a period of time. now, we still have 1/3 or more of the nation's streams and lakes that don't meet the standards of the clean water act. we have to advance the cause. that is the big challenge ahead of us. you just don't think of raw sewage in waterways in a developed country, and yet, that's what we have, and not just in pittsburgh, but all over. narrator: pittsburgh is situated at the confluence of the allegheny, monongahela, and ohio rivers. these three rivers are vital for industry, recreation, and drinking water. and each year, billions of gallons of combined sewer overflows discharge directly into those rivers. hecht: we're now having to face the consequences of the choice that was made to put in combined sewer systems. narrator: in 1994, the government adopted a combined sewer overflow policy to reduce csos nationwide. cities with combined sewer overflows now face an enforcement action called a consent decree. under a conse

control of the system as a solution to the impasse based on cooperation but a former member of the reagan administration paul craig roberts believes the bomber doesn't have as much room to maneuver on the issue as he might like. i'm convinced that. does not war conflicts with washington he wants to resolve the issue of the missile bases that are surrounding russia he doesn't want conflict and obama. he doesn't want any conflict either but he is just one member government that more wants regime change and syria and obama is not exactly in a position to be able to stop that. she will do really chant to get along with bruton but he still has to represent the agenda. world. and regime change and. the situation. is unresolved. what at the g twenty itself heads of states have voiced fresh anxiety of the continuing eurozone crisis describing it as a single biggest threat to the world economy many leaders have said progress in dealing with the situation has been far too slow. greece's new coalition government is seeking a deadline extension by these two years to cut its budget deficit that would breach one of t

, if you are serious about taking this on, it's what we had to do, frankly, beginning in the reagan administration. that's what we did in the bush administration. it's what we did in the clinton administration. if you are serious about taking this on, you have to put everything on the table. you have to look at mandatory spending. you have to look at revenues. you also have to look at how you cap domestic discretionary. but you're not going to solve this problem with the domestic discretionary budget. you just aren't. >> when we brought -- in the simpson/bowles commission when we brought them in to see where we might save money, the most startling testimony came when we asked about private contractors that work forward the department of defense. the basic question is how many there are? and the answer is we don't know. we really don't know. estimate somewhere maybe governmentwide, some 7 million. there are 2 million federal -- civil service employees to give you some context here. and when you look at the dollar amounts being spent in the department of defense for contractors, as opposed to the ci

going to check on reporting there from the g twenty summit in mexico a former member of the reagan administration says no matter what obama tells boudin person the u.s. president is just one link in a long chain of foreign policy makers. convinced that putin does not war conflicts with washington he wants to resolve the issue of the missile bases that are surrounding russia he doesn't want conflict and obama. he doesn't want any conflict either but he is just one member of a government that more and regime change in syria and obama is not exactly in a position to be able to stop that. he will do what he can to get along with scruton but he still has to represent the agenda. world in general and regime change and so the situation. isn't resolved while at the g twenty and self world leaders have voice their concern over the eurozone crisis calling it the single biggest threat to the world economy well they have said progress has been way too slow in dealing with the situation and this comes after sunday's elections in greece failed to produce now right winner again to form a new government a probat

russia has yet to receive guarantees of the rockets won't be aimed its way form of ember of the reagan administration paul craig roberts says american policymakers need not allow obama as much license as the ones. the missile bases that are surrounding russia. and. he doesn't really care but just remember. or a government that wants regime change in syria and obama is not exactly in a position to be able to stop that. he will do what he can to get along with proton but he still has to represent the agenda of a world agent me and regime change and so the situation i think is unresolved. the state of the euro zone's finances was the main worry for world leaders in mexico this week boosting growth has been named the main goal with fears that the fallout from greece could lead to global contagion the leaders of germany france italy and spain have agreed for one hundred thirty billion euro package to safeguard of the struggling euro meanwhile greece's newly formed coalition is asking for an additional two years to slash its deficit athens is hoping to avoid having further drastic cuts to salaries and pens

all those cases you mentioned was where the reagan administration was -- executive power to try to pull back theics pangs of federal regulation of the economy and society. as opposed a different kind of president who might use their regulatory power to expand as fully as congress would like. so i wonder whether we can distinguish between those two kinds of presidential power in regard to reaction to congress. the second thing, i think you're quite right, i think it's quite right that all presidents have responded to this nen nom nonably doing things as mentioned in the last panel, trying to -- agency wide and i think it is -- i think the czars h in that respect are a response again, as to the presidency becoming excessively involved with tex accumulation of the legislative policy. it's just an effort to try to control it. i can totally understand it, i think it's done in the wrong way but i can understand why presidents do it. i thought it was interesting, i i admire his effort, as judge griffith was saying, every federal side of the convention as a panel of presidential power. also eve

russia has yet to get guarantees that rockets won't be headed for its way former member of the reagan administration paul craig roberts says american policymakers may not allow obama as much lysis as he seeks to. convince the truth and it does not will. washington. to resolve the issue of the missile bases that are surrounding all russia he doesn't want conflict and obama. he doesn't want to try either but he is just one member of your government that wants regime change. and syria and obama is not exactly in a position to be able to stop that. he will do what he can to get along with britain but he still has to represent the agenda of a world agent me and regime change and so the situation i think is unresolved. state of the eurozone finances was the main worry for world leaders in mexico this week boosting growth has been named the main goal with fears the followed from greece could lead to a global contagion the leaders of germany france italy and spain agreed for a one hundred thirty billion euro package to safeguard the struggling currency meanwhile greece's newly formed coalition is calling fo

solution lies in common control of the system by moscow in washington a former member of the reagan administration paul craig roberts says however that american policymakers may not allow president obama's much room to move she wants. does not wall conflicts with washington he wants to resolve the issue of the missile bases that are surrounding russia he doesn't call conflict. he doesn't really conflict either but he is just one member government that wants regime change. syria and obama is not exactly in a position to be able to stop the. he will do what he can to get along with kryten but he still has to represent the agenda of. world age in a me and regime change and so the situation i think is unresolved . what the g. twenty itself world leaders have voiced a fresh anxiety of the continuing eurozone crisis describing it as the single biggest threat to the world economy many have said the progress in dealing with the situation has been too slow meanwhile the greece's new coalition government is seeking a deadline extension by these two years to cut its budget deficit that with one of the terms